吸毒人群HBV、HCV感染状况及吸毒合并两种病毒感染对ALT异常的影响

目的 :为评估湛江市吸毒人群 HCV、HBV的感染状况 ,以及吸毒合并 HCV、HBV感染对血清 AL T异常的影响。方法 :收集 2 0 0 2 - 0 2～ 2 0 0 3- 0 3湛江市吸毒人群资料 ,并对调查对象进行血清 HCV、HBV和 AL T的检测。结果 :湛江市静脉吸毒人群的 HBs Ag阳性率、HCV感染率和 HBV感染率分别为 2 4 .6 1%、5 7.87%、6 7.32 % ,明显高于对照组(11.0 3%、0 .91%、5 1.96 % ) ,有显著性差异 ,非静脉吸毒组此 3项与对照组比较无显著性差异 ;HBV单项、HCV单项、HBV和 HCV混合项 ,这 3种组合感染的静脉吸毒者 ,他们血清中的 AL T异常率分别为 15 .6 9%、33.33%、4 5 .5 0 % ,这3种 AL T异常率分别与未感染 HBV、HCV的静脉吸毒者的 AL T异常率 (9.84 % )比较 ,前者无显著性差异 ,后两者有显著性差异。结论 :静脉吸毒是吸毒者感染 HBV、HCV的重要途径 ;HCV感染对静脉吸毒者血清 AL

血液透析乙丙型肝炎病毒感染的调查

目的:分析血液透析肝炎病毒感染相关的原因,并对病毒交叉感染的防治提出建议。方法:1997/2002年透析的患者为对照组,实施改革后2002/2007年透析的患者为实验组。酶联免疫吸附法检测HCV,微粒子酶联免疫分析法检测乙肝两对半。分析两组患者乙肝丙肝的感染率、阳转率、输血例数与量的差别。结果:实验组乙肝、丙肝的阳转率和丙肝的感染率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。同时两组间的输血例数和量也有明显差异。结论:隔离和减少输血等对预防院内感染有重要意义。

Preliminary report of hepatitis B virus genotype prevalence in Iran

AIM： To determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus （HBV） genotypes in Iranian hepatitis B surface antigen （HBsAg） carriers, chronic hepatitis B and cirrhotic patients. METHODS： A total of 109 HBsAg-positive patients were included in this study. HBV genotypes were determined by using INNO-LiPA methodology which is based on the reverse hybridization principle. RESULTS： The distribution of patients with different stages of liver disease was as follows： 95 （86.4%） chronic hepatitis, 11 （10%） liver cirrhosis, and 3 （2.7%） inactive carrier. Of the chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis patients, 26.4% were HBeAg-positive while 70% were HBeAg-negative. Genotype D was the only detected type found in all patients. CONCLUSION： Classifying HBV into genotypes has to be cost-effective and clinically relevant. Our study indicates that HBV genotype D prevails in the Mediterranean area, Near and Middle East, and South Asia. Continued efforts for understanding HBV genotype through international co-operation will reveal further virological differences of the genotypes and their clinical relevance.

YMDD variants of HBV DNA polymerase gene: Rapid detection and clinicopathoiogical analysis with long-term Iamivudine therapy after liver transplantation

AIM: To look for a rapid low-cost technique for the detection of HBV variants.METHODS: Two patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for HBV infection were treated with lamivudine (100 mg daily) and HBV infection recurred in the grafted livers. The patients were monitored intensively for liver enzymes, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV DNA in serum. Liver biopsy was performed regularly. HBV DNA in a conserved polymerase domain (the YMDD locus) was amplified from serum of each patient by PCR and sequenced. HBV genotypes were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the PCR products generated from a fragment of the polymerase gene.RESULTS: YMDD wild-type HBV was detected in one patient by PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing 19 mo after OLT, and YIDD mutant-type HBV in the other patient, 16 mo after OLT.CONCLUSION: PCR-RFLP assay is an accurate and simple method for genotyping lamivudine-resistant HBV variants.

血液透析患者乙型和丙型肝炎病毒感染调查

目的:了解维持性血液透析患者乙型和丙型肝炎病毒感染发生情况及防控措施。方法:选择2004-01/2009-10在北京大学首钢医院血液净化中心长期维持性血液透析患者226例的乙型和丙型肝炎病毒感染情况进行分析。结果:严格管理是减少维持性血液透析患者肝炎病毒感染发生的关键。结论:加强对透析患者、透析环境等的全面管理是杜绝和减少乙型和丙型肝炎病毒传播的关键,只有高度重视、严格执行感染控制措施,就能够预防并大大减少乙型和丙型肝炎病毒感染的发生。

医务人员锐器伤后乙型肝炎病毒感染调查

目的了解医务人员职业暴露认识情况及医疗锐器伤后感染HBV情况,探讨防控对策。方法自设知识问卷对焦作市821例医务人员进行调查,对其中154例锐器伤者进行监测。结果锐器伤发生率18.76%。锐器伤发生后,按意外刺伤流程处理者82.47%;接种乙肝疫苗者24.03%;注射乙肝免疫球蛋白者46.10%;HBV感染者12.34%。结论医务人员锐器伤后感染HBV的危险性较高,应加强职业防护教育及培训,严格执行正确处理流程。