Effect of Paclobutrazol plus Ethephon Treatment on Endogenous Hormones and Carbon and Nitrogen Nutrients in Litchi Variety ‘Feizixiao'

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effect of spraying the mixture of paclobutrazol and ethephon on the endogenous hormones and carbon and nitrogen nutrients in litchi variety ＇Feizixiao＇.[Method] [Result] The results showed that foliar spraying of the mixture of paclobutrazol and ethephon could effectively inhibit litchi variety ＇Feizixiao＇ to produce winter shoots,promote the flower bud differentiation and improve flower formation rate; meanwhile,this treatment could also increase the contents of ABA and ZR,and the ratios of ABA/IAA,ABA/GA3,ZR/IAA,ZR/GA3,and decrease the contents of IAA and GA3; additionally,it could increase the contents of soluble sugar,starch and total nitrogen,and raise C/N ratio,thus improving the flower formation rate.[Conclusion] Foliar spraying of the mixture of paclobutrazol and ethephon is an effective pathway for solving warmth damage to litchi.

Effects of Ethephon on Flowering of Ornamental Pineapple in Guzmania

[Objective] This study aimed to establish the technical system for forcing ornamental pineapple in Guzmania to flower and further provide technical parameters for large-scale cultivation.[Method] The effect of different concentrations of ethephon solution on flowering in Guzmania ornamental pineapple was studied by using randomized block design.[Results] All the different concentrations of ethephon solution were capable to force the four mainly-cultivated ornamental pineapple varieties to flower to varying degrees.After the flower forcing,it took about 180 d for the pineapple to stay in the ornamentation period,and there were no significant differences in inflorescence shape,inflorescence height,inflorescence diameter and bract number among different treatment pineapples.[Conclusion] All the four varieties have shown high sensitivity to ethephon.The optimal ethephon concentration is 400 mg/L for treating G.lingulata,G.remembrance and G.denise and 500 mg/L for treating G.conifera.After treatment,their major ornamentation traits are were able to satisfy the requirements for commercial production of pineapple.

伤害对巴西橡胶树胶乳中磷脂酶A_2的影响

以巴西橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis Mull.Arg.)无性系PR107和热研7-33-97为试验对象,研究机械伤害、外源茉莉酸及乙烯(利)等条件对胶乳C-乳清中磷脂酶A2的影响。结果表明,伤害和外源茉莉酸及乙烯(利)对磷脂酶A2均有诱导作用。其中机械伤害的诱导效应最为明显,外源茉莉酸最适诱导浓度为0.08%,磷脂酶A2活性随着外源乙烯刺激剂量的增加而增强。伤害信号能在伤害早期较明显地诱导磷脂酶A2的活性。

Microclimatic Experimentation Applied to Insulating Horizontal Coverage in Mexicali, Mexico

The thermal response of hedges alters the urban climate, resulting in energy and comfort affectations that impact city dwellers, so the aim of this study is to analyze the energy fluxes of urban horizontal coverage, especially expanded polystyrene waterproofed with elastomeric paint in the city of Mexicali, Baja California, located northwest of Mexico. The experiment was realized on summer of 2011 and 2012 by using four components radiometric sensor, eddy covariance equipment, which was possible to analyze the behavior and intensities of heat fluxes using the model Q＊ = QE ＋ QG ＋ QH ＋ QF ＋ QD. The results show that in both campaigns the sensible heat flux exceeds the net radiation, in 2011 the net radiation was 31.41 W/mE and sensible heat flux of 74.9 W/m2, in 2012 resulted 43.46 W/m2 and 87.32 W/mE, respectively. This additional heat flux is attributed to the thermal influence of the air conditioning units, which changes the energy balance model to Q＊ = QH ＋ QF ＋ QD. With the results arise the need for experimentation on a larger scale in which it is possible to model the flow in housing development. The knowledge of the energy balance model will help to propose materials that minimize the thermal impact to the city of Mexicali.

Eco-friendly Technologies for Physical and Chemical Recycling of PVC-Related Wasteful Resources

The aim of this study is to enhance the recycled PVC （polyvinyl chloride） related material property by formulation technology and develop the recycling product processing technology furthermore develop the chemical recycling technology for last stage of PVC wastes. The formulation technology is composed of pre-treatment （crushing, separation etc.） and post-treatment （material ratio, additives, stabilizer etc.） to enhance the recyclate property. The formulation for recycled PVC by application basis and processing technology is applied to produce the structural product for civil and construction application such as pipe fittings and water drainage cap for environmental waterway. Also chemical recycling technology for end life PVC scrap which causes environmental pollution by incineration or landfill is studied for producing hydrocarbon and hydrogen chloride for VCM.

Integration and Optimized Utilization of Naphtha Resources

Naphtha is an important raw material for manufacture of clean fuels and ethylene products. However, China is experiencing a serious imbalance between supply and demand of naphtha, due to its rapidly increasing car population and booming ethylene industry, the demand of which cannot be met by the domestic depleting crude oil resources. Focusing on alleviating the above-mentioned naphtha deficit, this paper puts forward an idea suggesting that China＇s limited naphtha resource should be used reasonably. Naphtha feedstocks with more potential aromatic content should be used in catalytic reforming process to produce clean fuel products, and those feedstocks with more paraffinic content should be used in ethylene production. Meanwhile, industry tests show that the low-valued naphtha byproduct from ethylene plants and the products of secondary processing units at refineries can also be applied so as to extend the naphtha supply for manufacture of cleaner fuels and ethylene derivatives.

Commercial Application of Properly Treated Wastewater Discharged from Ethylene Plant

The wastewater discharged from the 1.0 Mt/a ethylene unit at Maoming Petrochemical Company was separated according to its quality, and a major part ofwastewater with better quality was properly treated via the process of＂IRABF ＋ high-efficiency fiber filtering ＋ disinfection＂ to make the wastewater quality comply with the quality of recycled cooling water, so that the technique for reused petrochemical wastewater was more reliable technically and more reasonable economically,

Lowest Temperature Miniature Fuel Cell with Modified PS PEM Membrane and Fueled with Nitrogen, Sulfur and Oxygen Containing Fuels

Polymer exchange membrane fuel cells （PEMFC） are objects of the current engineering technology and these are versatile generators for electrical energy. There are various kinds from them, but all of them are going on work at highest temperature. There isn＇t a PEMFC which can run at room temperature, like 20 ℃. In this study there is a aim for constructing such one for alternative fuels utilisation. PS and many electroconducting polymer formulations were proved by different researchers for PEM benefications, but here PS was synthesized without containing metalic contaminants and after converted to the PEM membrane.

Characterization and expression profiles of MaACS and MaACO genes from mulberry(Morus alba L.)

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase （ACS） and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase （ACO） are encoded by multigene families and are involved in fruit ripening by catalyzing the production of ethylene throughout the development of fruit. However, there are no reports on ACS or ACO genes in mulberry, partly because of the limited molecular research background. In this study, we have obtained five ACS gene sequences and two ACO gene sequences from Morus Genome Database. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of MaACO1 and MaACO2 showed that their amino acids are conserved compared with ACO proteins from other species. MaACS1 and MaACS2 are type I, MaACS3 and MaACS4 are type II, and MaACS5 is type III, with different C-terminal se-quences. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR） expression analysis showed that the transcripts of MaACS genes were strongly expressed in fruit, and more weakly in other tissues. The expression of MaACO1 and MaACO2 showed different patterns in various mulberry tissues. MaACS and MaACO genes demon-strated two patterns throughout the development of mulberry fruit, and both of them were strongly up-regulated by abscisic acid （ABA） and ethephon.

Analysis of the suspension polymerization flows of polyvinyl chloride with the exergy analysis involving resource utilization and environmental influence

In order to comprehensively assess the resource utilization of aprocess system and its influence on the environment, the application range of the traditional exergy analysis was expanded in this paper to include the pollution degree of the discharged wastes to the environment. So technology indexes can be obtained to comprehensively assess the resource utilization and the environment impact of a process system. The harm coefficient and effect coefficient were introduced to concern the different harm to the environment of the different wastes and the pollution effect relative to resource waste by environment. The determination method of the harm coefficient and effect coefficient was discussed. Two suspension polymerization flows of polyvinyl chloride were calculated with this method. The results show that the method can comprehensively assess the resource utilization and the environment impact of the chemical process system by comparing and analyzing.