目的了解寿光市健康人群HBsAg携带及乙肝发病状况,掌握乙肝感染和发病规律,为乙型肝炎免疫预防策略制定提供参考。方法通过调查7～12月龄严格按照0、1、6程序接种乙肝疫苗的婴儿,获得1岁以内婴儿乙肝感染数据,通过社区居民普查获得1岁...目的了解寿光市健康人群HBsAg携带及乙肝发病状况,掌握乙肝感染和发病规律,为乙型肝炎免疫预防策略制定提供参考。方法通过调查7～12月龄严格按照0、1、6程序接种乙肝疫苗的婴儿,获得1岁以内婴儿乙肝感染数据,通过社区居民普查获得1岁以上人群乙肝感染数据,通过建立乙肝专病监测系统获得全市居民乙肝发病数据。结果 7～12月龄婴儿HBsAg阳性率为0.097%。1岁以上健康人群中,HBsAg总阳性率为2.72%,其中1～14和15～60岁人群乙肝表面抗原（Hepatitis B surface antigen,HBsAg）阳性率分别为0.82%和2.23%（P〈0.01）;男性和女性HBsAg阳性率分别为3.26%和2.24%（P〈0.01）。1～14和15～60岁人群乙肝发病率分别为0.13/万和3.32/万（P〈0.01）;男性和女性乙肝发病率分别为4.25/万和1.39/万（P〈0.01）。结论寿光市乙肝慢性感染和发病均以青壮年为主,乙肝仍是危害劳动力身体健康和生命安全的重要疾病,有必要开展成年乙肝疫苗接种。展开更多
This review describes the woodchuck and the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) as an animal model for pathogenesis and therapy of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and disease in humans. The establishment of wood...This review describes the woodchuck and the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) as an animal model for pathogenesis and therapy of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and disease in humans. The establishment of woodchuck breeding colonies, and use of laboratory-reared woodchucks infected with defined WHV inocula, have enhanced our understanding of the virology and immunology of HBV infection and disease pathogenesis, including major sequelae like chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The role of persistent WHV infection and of viral load on the natural history of infection and disease progression has been firmly established along the way. More recently, the model has shed new light on the role of host immune responses in these natural processes, and on how the immune system of the chronic carrier can be manipulated therapeutically to reduce or delay serious disease sequelae through induction of the recovery phenotype. The woodchuck is an outbred species and is not well defined immunologically due to a limitation of available host markers. However, the recent development of several key host response assays for woodchucks provides experimental opportunities for further mechanistic studies of outcome predictors in neonatal- and adult-acquired infections. Understanding the virological and immunological mechanisms responsible for resolution of self-limited infection, andfor the onset and maintenance of chronic infection, will greatly facilitate the development of successful strategies for the therapeutic eradication of established chronic HBV infection. Likewise, the results of drug efficacy and toxicity studies in the chronic carrier woodchucks are predictive for responses of patients chronically infected with HBV. Therefore, chronic WHV carrier woodchucks provide a well-characterized mammalian model for preclinical evaluation of the safety and efficacy of drug candidates, experimental therapeutic vaccines, and immunomodulators for the treatment and prevention of HBV disease sequelae.展开更多
文摘目的了解寿光市健康人群HBsAg携带及乙肝发病状况,掌握乙肝感染和发病规律,为乙型肝炎免疫预防策略制定提供参考。方法通过调查7～12月龄严格按照0、1、6程序接种乙肝疫苗的婴儿,获得1岁以内婴儿乙肝感染数据,通过社区居民普查获得1岁以上人群乙肝感染数据,通过建立乙肝专病监测系统获得全市居民乙肝发病数据。结果 7～12月龄婴儿HBsAg阳性率为0.097%。1岁以上健康人群中,HBsAg总阳性率为2.72%,其中1～14和15～60岁人群乙肝表面抗原（Hepatitis B surface antigen,HBsAg）阳性率分别为0.82%和2.23%（P〈0.01）;男性和女性HBsAg阳性率分别为3.26%和2.24%（P〈0.01）。1～14和15～60岁人群乙肝发病率分别为0.13/万和3.32/万（P〈0.01）;男性和女性乙肝发病率分别为4.25/万和1.39/万（P〈0.01）。结论寿光市乙肝慢性感染和发病均以青壮年为主,乙肝仍是危害劳动力身体健康和生命安全的重要疾病,有必要开展成年乙肝疫苗接种。
基金Supported by contract N01-AI-05399 to the College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. PC and SM also have been supported by contract N01-AI-95390 to the Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
文摘This review describes the woodchuck and the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) as an animal model for pathogenesis and therapy of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and disease in humans. The establishment of woodchuck breeding colonies, and use of laboratory-reared woodchucks infected with defined WHV inocula, have enhanced our understanding of the virology and immunology of HBV infection and disease pathogenesis, including major sequelae like chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The role of persistent WHV infection and of viral load on the natural history of infection and disease progression has been firmly established along the way. More recently, the model has shed new light on the role of host immune responses in these natural processes, and on how the immune system of the chronic carrier can be manipulated therapeutically to reduce or delay serious disease sequelae through induction of the recovery phenotype. The woodchuck is an outbred species and is not well defined immunologically due to a limitation of available host markers. However, the recent development of several key host response assays for woodchucks provides experimental opportunities for further mechanistic studies of outcome predictors in neonatal- and adult-acquired infections. Understanding the virological and immunological mechanisms responsible for resolution of self-limited infection, andfor the onset and maintenance of chronic infection, will greatly facilitate the development of successful strategies for the therapeutic eradication of established chronic HBV infection. Likewise, the results of drug efficacy and toxicity studies in the chronic carrier woodchucks are predictive for responses of patients chronically infected with HBV. Therefore, chronic WHV carrier woodchucks provide a well-characterized mammalian model for preclinical evaluation of the safety and efficacy of drug candidates, experimental therapeutic vaccines, and immunomodulators for the treatment and prevention of HBV disease sequelae.
