维药骆驼蓬子药材质量标准研究

摘要：目的建立骆驼蓬子药材的质量标准。方法参照2010年版《中国药典》附录相关方法，对骆驼蓬子水分、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分、50％乙醇浸出物和重金属进行检测。采用硅胶HSGF。薄层板，以乙酸乙酯-甲醇-氨水（10：1．5：0．5）为展开剂，分别采用置紫外光（254、365nm）下检视、碘化铋钾显色及乙酰胆碱酯酶生物自显影技术对骆驼蓬子进行鉴别。采用C18色谱柱，以乙腈一醋酸铵缓冲盐（19：81）为流动相，检测波长为330nm，建立骆驼蓬子中去氢骆驼蓬碱（HAR）和骆驼蓬碱（HAL）的定量分析方法；以相同流动相梯度洗脱，检测波长为280nm，流速为0．7mL·min-1，建立骆驼蓬子药材特征图谱。结果采用紫外光（254、365nm）下检视、碘化铋钾显色及生物自显影技术联合分析可鉴别骆驼蓬子中的活性生物碱类成分。骆驼蓬碱和去氢骆驼蓬碱分别在1．97—198．68和1．70～345．30I,zg·mL“内呈良好的线性关系，平均回收率分别为99．69％（RSD为1．89％）和100．66％（RSD为1．78％）。11批骆驼蓬子药材中去氢骆驼蓬碱和骆驼蓬碱平均含量分别为3．76％和3．23％。在特征图谱中确定了4个峰为特征峰。结论药材中水分、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分、体积分数50％乙醇浸出物分别不得过9．0％、8．0％、1．0％和22．0％。重金属铅、镉、砷、汞、铜分别不得过5×10^-6、3×10^-6、2×10^-6、2×10^-6和20×10^-6。骆驼蓬碱和去氢骆驼蓬碱的含量总和限度不得低于5．5％。以骆驼蓬碱为参照物峰，特征图谱中4个特征峰的相对保留时间应在各规定值的±5％之内。建立的定性和定量方法可用于骆驼蓬子药材的质量控制。

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of 48 traditional Chinese medicinal herbs

Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） is one of the approaches for the treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）. In this paper the AChE inhibitory activities of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of 48 traditional Chinese medicinal herbs were evaluated. These traditional Chinese medicines have intelligence-promoting, anti-insomnia, sedative, neurotonic or tonic effects. Microplate assay indicated that ethanolic extracts of 28 traditional Chinese medicinal herbs and water extracts of 11 herbs showed AChE inhibitory activities. Among them, ethanolic extracts of Herba Moslae, Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae, Radix Rehmanniae and Folium Nelumbinis showed most potent AChE inhibitory activities at the concentration of 0.1 mg/mL, with （68.63±1.12）%, （44.49±3.66）%, （43.78±4.76）%, and （42.63±8.31）% inhibition, respectively. The AChE inhibitory activities were also confirmed by TLC bioautographic assay. These results partially validate the traditional uses of some medicinal herbs for cognitive improvement.

Acetylcholinesterase liquid crystal biosensor for identification of AChE inhibitors by a reactivator

An improved acetylcholinesterase liquid crystal(LC) biosensor has been developed for the identification of organophosphates(OPs) by using a reactivator. When the acetylcholinesterases(AChEs) inhibited by different kinds of OPs are reactived by a reactivator, the catalytic activity of AChEs can be recovered with different activation efficiency because of the different phosphorylation structures formed in the inhibited AChEs. Accordingly, the reactived AChEs can catalyze the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine to generate thiocholine product in different degrees, which will result in different catalytic growth of AuNPs and further form distinct orientational response of LCs. Based on such a reactivation mechanism, the AChE LC biosensor with a simple, rapid and visual procedure achieves an obvious identification of three OPs pesticides, methamidophos, trichlorfon and paraoxon, by using a pralidoxime reactivator.