乙醇汽油近红外分析仪信号提取技术

为了保证在恶劣环境下提取出高质量的电信号以及从众多波段的电信号组成的光谱图中准确地提取出乙醇汽油的相关信息,确保工作人员能利用仪器方便地确认乙醇汽油中乙醇和水的含量,提出了体积小、功耗低的便携式近红外乙醇汽油分析仪的设计方案。利用数字相敏检波技术解决了强噪声干扰下的信号提取问题,用主成分分析、马氏距离等方法建立了分析模型,通过对比试验和标准数据验证了该模型的相关参数,证明了该信号提取技术的有效性。

尸检样本乙醇分析结果的解释策略

由于死后各种复杂的人为现象的存在,使得建立死后血液酒精含量(BAC)和死亡时醉酒状态之间的关系十分困难。在日常检案中必须考虑细菌污染、发酵是否引起死后乙醇再合成,死亡时胃中未被吸收的乙醇是否向周围组织以及血中扩散等问题。本文总结了关于死后乙醇分析及结果解释相关问题的研究文献,旨在为从事法医毒物学乙醇分析的同行在调查此类案件时提供良好的开端。

血液中乙醇浓度的快速分析方法

目的：对血液中的乙醇浓度进行快速测定和分析。方法：采用气相色谱快速分析法，选取气相色谱FID检测器以及GD*103玻璃柱对经离心后的全血血清进行分析，样品质量为0.5μl。结果：通过此种方法对血液中的乙醇浓度进行分析检测，最后的加标回收率为94-98%之间，相对的标准偏差率＜2%。结论：采用这种方式能够将检测有效率大大提高，而且时间上大大的缩短了，操作起来简便易行，成本较少。另外，它的检测灵敏度、回收率和线性范围也很好，极大的方便了血液检测工作。

乙醇快速检测管的研制

为了能够快速简便地检测呼气中的乙醇成份 ,以减少酒后驾车所造成的交通事故 ,我们利用化学显色反应原理 ,研制出一种乙醇快速检测管。与其它的乙醇检测器及测定方法比较 ,它具有费用低、操作简便等优点 ,可作为一种常规的交通管理和随机抽样检测的工具。

短波近红外光谱-偏最小二乘法在白酒分析中的应用

应用短波近红外光谱结合偏最小二乘法(NIRS-PLS)建立白酒中乙醇含量定量分析数学模型,通过选取最佳波长范围和最适主因子数对模型进行优化。应用所建模型对预测集和实际白酒样品中乙醇含量进行预测,取得了令人满意的结果。该方法方便快捷、无污染、可在线检测,且重现性、稳定性均良好,可作为白酒原位质量检测和在线质量监控的方法予以推广。

利用光纤液滴指纹图分析酒精溶液等液体试样

光纤微液滴分析技术以利用光学方法检测液体特征参量为目的,利用了光纤液滴指纹图与液体物理、化学特征参量的对应关系,采用光纤来监测液滴的形成、增长和下落过程,并通过计算机分析随液滴下降过程而变化的光纤液滴指纹图。在实验中利用光纤微液滴传感器测试了多种不同液体试样,尤其分析了不同浓度的乙醇溶液对应的光纤液滴指纹图。在讨论了乙醇溶液光纤液滴指纹图的特征参量后,提出了一种可以实现对乙醇溶液折射率和浓度的测试的新方法。

顶空气相色谱法测定全血中乙醇的含量

【目的】建立顶空气相色谱法内标法测定全血中乙醇浓度。【方法】分析柱为FFAP 30m×0.53mmID色谱柱,载气为N2,检测器为FID;0.4mL全血样品以小瓶密封,40℃下平衡40min,用气体进样器取顶空进样0.6mL,内标法定量。【结果】本法日内精密度〈2.74%,日间精密度〈2.69%,回收率96.53%-100.35%。【结论】本法操作简便快速,灵敏度高,结果准确可靠。

黄芪药渣发酵液中乙醇含量测定方法的研究

【目的】建立黄芪药渣发酵液中乙醇含量的测定方法。【方法】采用顶空气相色谱法,以正丙醇为内标物,采用安捷伦HP-5色谱柱(30 mm×0.25 mm×0.25μm),程序升温(起始温度40℃,保留6 min;以3℃·min^(-1)的升温速率升至55℃,保留2 min;再以7℃·min^(-1)的升温速率升至120℃,保留2 min);进样口温度180℃;FDI检测温度为200℃;载气为氮气,流速1 m L·min^(-1)。【结果】黄芪药渣发酵液中乙醇得到有效分离,乙醇在所考察的浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 1),平均回收率为98.12%。【结论】顶空气相色谱法可用于黄芪药渣发酵液中乙醇含量的测定;该方法操作简便,准确度和灵敏度高。

Systematic review and meta-analysis of colon cleansing preparations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

AIM To performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine any possible differences in terms of effectiveness, safety and tolerability between existing colon-cleansing products in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.METHODS Systematic searches were performed( January 1980-September 2016) using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, CENTRAL and ISI Web of knowledge for randomized trials assessing preparations with or without adjuvants, given in split and non-split dosing, and in high(> 3 L) or low-volume(2 L or less) regimens. Bowel cleansing quality was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included patient willingness-torepeat the procedure and side effects/complications.RESULTS Out of 439 citations, 4 trials fulfilled our inclusion criteria(n = 449 patients). One trial assessed the impact of adding simethicone to polyethylene glycol(PEG) 4 L with no effect on bowel cleansing quality, but a better tolerance. Another trial compared senna to castor oil, again without any differences in term of bowel cleansing. Two trials compared the efficacy of PEG high-volume vs PEG low-volume associated to an adjuvant in split-dose regimens: PEG low-dose efficacy was not different to PEG high-dose; OR = 0.84(0.37-1.92). A higher proportion of patients were willing to repeat low-volume preparations vs high-volume; OR = 5.11(1.31-20.0). CONCLUSION In inflammatory bowel disease population, PEG lowvolume regimen seems not inferior to PEG high-volume to clean the colon, and yields improved willingness-torepeat. Further additional research is urgently required to compare contemporary products in this population.

Analysis of Ethanol Dehydration Products by Gas Chromatography

An accurate reliable analysis method for dehydration of ethanol to ethylene was established using chromatographic separation technique and the principle of carbon balance, and the activivity of HZSM-5 molecular seive was evaluated. The results showed that at an ethanol mass concentration of 50%, a mass space velocity of 2.0/h and a temperature of 280 ℃, the activity of catalyst was ideal, and the conversion rate of ethanol and the selectivity of ethylene were up to 99.60% and98.10%, respectively. The selectively of ethylene decreased notably with further increase of reaction temperature.

Multiplicity Analysis in Reactive Distillation Column Using ASPEN PLUS

Reactive distillation processes for synthesis of ethylene glycol （EG） and ethyl tert-butyl ether （ETBE） were modeled with the simulation package ASPEN PLUS. The input multiplicity and output multiplicity were discussed with the method of sensitivity analysis for both cases. In EG production process, steady state multiplicities were studied in terms of effective liquid holdup volume and boil-up ratio. In ETBE synthesis process, the user kinetic subroutine was supplied into ASPEN PLUS firstly, and then the composition, temperature and reaction-rate profiles within the reactive distillation column were presented in detail. A set of stable solution branches based on distinct initial guesses for a range of boil-up ratio were found in EG synthesis. Input multiplicities were observed for a range of reboiler duty at several values of reflux ratio for ETBE synthesis process. These results can be used to avoid excessive energy consumption and achieve optimum design of reactive distillation column.

cDNA Cloning and Sequence Analysis of ADH Gene in Delia antiqua

[Objective] This study aims to conduct cloning and sequence analysis of ADH gene in D. Antiqua. [Method] Full-length cDNA of ADH gene in D. antiqua was cloned by using RACE technology （GenBank access number： JQ666006）. Analysis of the homology, characteristics and functional domains of ADH sequence and the phy- Iogenetic relationship to other dipteran ADH were conducted. [Result] The full length of ADH cDNA is 1 088 bp containing a 771 bp of ORF, encoding 256 amino acids, with a calculated relative molecular weight of 30.80 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 8.22. The deduced amino acid sequence shares the highest homology with Glossina morsitans morsitans based on homological analysis and phylogenetic analysis. [Conclusion] This study provides basis for further research of ADH gene.

Ethanol injection is highly effective for hepatocellular carcinoma smaller than 2cm

AIM： To analyze the long-term prognosis in a cohort of western cirrhotic patients with single hepatocellular carcinoma treated with ethanol injection.METHODS： One-hundred forty-eight patients with solitan/hepatocellular carcinoma were enrolled. The tumor diameter was lower than 2 cm in 47 patients but larger in the remaining 101 patients. The impact of some pre- treatment clinical and laboratory parameters and of tu- mor recurrence on patients＇ survival was assessed.RESULTS： Among the pre-treatment parameters, only a tumor diameter of less than 2 cm was an independent prognostic factor of survival. The occurrence of new nodules in other liver segments and the neoplastic portal invasion were linked to a poorer prognosis at univariate analysis. Patients with a single hepatocellular carcinoma smaller than 2 cm showed a better 5-year cumulative survival （73.0% vs 47.9%） （P = 0.009）, 3-year local re- currence rate （29.1% vs 51.5%） （P = 0.011）, and 5-year distant intrahepatic recurrence rate （52.g% vs 62.8%） （P = 0.054） compared to patients with a larger tumor. CONCLUSION： The 5-year survival rate of patients with single hepatocellular carcinoma 〈 2 cm undergoing ethanol injection is excellent and comparable to that achieved using radiofrequency ablation.

Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Microencapsulated Polyethylene Glycol Particles

The microenapsulated polyethylene glycol （PEG） with different molecular weight by a fluidized coating method has been prepared and the crystallization behaviors of PEG particles in three-dimensional confined vohume were investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） measurement. The results showed that the width of the crystallization peak of PEG increases and its height gradually diminishes in case that the PEG particles are microencapsulated. Compared with the non-microencapsulated PEG particles, the proportion of the first crystallization peak of microencapsulated PEG particle increases, and that of the second one decreases. The reason for the difference maybe is that the crystallization process of microencapsulated PEG particles is uniform and the crystallization ends when the spherulites touch the wall, thus the opportunity of producing the second crystallization peak was relatively reduced.

Low-Grade and High-Grade Invasive Ductal Carcinomas of the Breast Follow Divergent routes of Progression

Low-grade invasive ductal carcinoma is almost diploid, and has frequent losses of chromosome 16q, which is shared by other precancerous lesions of the mammary gland such as flat epithelial atypia （FEA）, atypical ductal hyperplasia （ADH）, and lownuclear grade ductal carcinoma in situ （DCIS）. The genetic alterations accumulate in a stepwise fashion as the precancerous lesions progress to invasve ductal carcinoma. This supports the linear progression model of breast cancer from FEA, through ADH, to low- nuclear grade DCIS as non-obligate early events in low-grade IDC evolution. In contrast, high-grade carcinoma tends to aneuploidy with complex genetic alterations--most importantly, frequent gains at chromosome 16q. Frequent losses at chromosome 16q in low-grade IDC and gains in the same arm of the same chromosome in high-grade IDC imply that these lesions are two end outcomes of different disease processes and that they do not lie in the same continuum of a process. Therefore, low-grade and high-grade IDC are two distinct diseases with a divergent route of progression.

Photodissociation Dynamics of Methanol and Ethanol at 157 nm

157 nm photodissociation of jet-cooled CH3OH and C2HsOH was studied using the high-n Rydberg atom time-of-flight （TOF） technique. TOF spectra of nascent H atom products were measured. Simulation of these spectra reveals three different atomic H loss processes： one from hydroxyl H elimination, one from methyl （ethyl） H elimination, and one from secondary dissociation of the methoxy （ethoxy） radical. The relative branching ratio indicates secondary dissociation of ethoxy is less important than that of methoxy. The average angular anisotropy parameter of methanol is negative （with β≈-0.3）, indicating the transition dipole moment is perpendicular to the C-O-H plane. The slightly more negative β value of ethanol （with β≈-0.4） implies that ethanol has a longer rotational period. These experimental results indicate that both systems undergo fast internal conversion to the 3s surface after it is excited to the 3px surface, and then dissociate on the 3s surface. The translational energy distribution of the CH3O＋H products reveals extensive CH3 rocking or CH3 umbrella excitation in the CH30 radical. However the vibrational structures are not resolved in the C2H5O radical.

Electron Momentum Spectroscopy of Ethanethiol Complete Valence Shell

The binding energy spectra and electron momentum distributions for the complete valence orbitals of ethanethiol were measured for the first time by binary （e, 2e） electron momentum spectroscopy employing non-coplanar symmetric kinematics at an impact energy of 1200 eV plus binding energy. The experimental results are generally consistent with the theoretical calculations using density functional theory and Hartree-Fock methods with various basis sets. A possible satellite line at 17.8 eV in binding energy spectrum was observed and studied by electron momentum spectroscopy.

Study of Synthesis of Copoly (lactic acid/glycolic acid) by Direct Melt Polycondensation

A two steps direct copolymerisation process was developed. The first step is to produce oligomer and then the oligomer of lactic acid/glycolic acid (90/10) is polymerized with binary catalyst tin chloride dihydrate/p-toluenesulfonic acid. In this way, the direct synthesis of copoly (lactic acid/glycolic acid) without any organic solvent was investigated. The properties and structures of products were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction and so on. The results show that comparatively high molecular weight copolymer of lactic acid and glycolic acid can be prepared by direct processing under appropriate technological conditions.

Investigation of Propoxylation and Ethoxylation of 2-Ethylhexanol in the Presence of an Alkaline and DMC Type Catalyst at Initial Stages of the Syntheses

This paper reports the results of monopropoxylation and monoethoxylation of ethylhexyl alcohol performed in the presence of KOH and a DMC type catalyst, respectively. The existing differences are discussed in terms of kinetic performance of the syntheses, as well as the obtained products＇ compositions. The investigated DMC type catalyst showed 60 to 70 times as high conversion rates, narrower homolog distributions and higher selectivity, in comparison with KOH. Interpretation of the experimental results was performed using kinetic parameters of the WeibulI-Nycander-Gold model and the Natta Mantica relationships. In spite of any differences between the reactivity of the investigated catalysts and alkylene oxides, a significant contribution ofpolymerisation parallel to the target polyaddition was determined, absorbing a major part of the converted adducts, both in the presence of DMC and KOH.

A population-based case-crossover study of polyethylene glycol use and acute renal failure risk in the elderly

AIM:To evaluate the possibility of an association between polyethylene glycol(PEG) and acute renal failure(ARF) in elderly patients using a health insurance claims database.METHODS:We conducted a population-based casecrossover study using information obtained from Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service(HIRA) claims from January 1,2005 to December 31,2005(Seoul,Korea).The study population consisted of elderly patients who received PEG prior to experiencing their first ARF-related hospitalization from April 1,2005 to December 31,2005.For each patient,one case and two control periods were matched.PEG use in a 2-or 4-wk window period prior to hospitalization for ARF was compared with PEG use in two earlier 2-or 4-wk control window periods.Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios(ORs) and 95% CI,adjusting for concomitant uses of diuretics,angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors,non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,antibiotics,anti-cancer drugs,and contrast media.RESULTS:Within the HIRA database which contained 1 093 262 elderly patients,1156 hospitalized ARF cases were identified.Among these cases,PEG was prescribed to 17(1.5%) patients before hospitalization.The adjusted ORs when applying the 2-and 4-wk window periods were 0.4(95% CI:0.03-5.24) and 2.1(95% CI:0.16-27.78),respectively.CONCLUSION:No increased risk of ARF was found in elderly PEG users.However,based on the limited number of study subjects,further analysis should be performed to confirm these results.