甲醛和甲酸甲酯偶联合成乙醇酸甲酯的研究试验研究——酸催化剂的性能及反应条件的影响

在釜式反应器中研究了甲醛和甲酸甲酯偶联生成乙醇酸甲酯及甲氧基乙酸甲酯反应的各种酸催化剂的性能。在液体酸中强酸有良好的催化活性。固体酸ＳＡ－Ｒ１、ＳＡ－Ｒ２、ＳＡ－Ｒ３、ＳＡ－Ｍ１、ＳＡ－Ｈ１以及ＳＡ－Ｈ２也有一定活性。考察了反应温度、反应时间、原料甲醛和甲酸甲酯的配比、催化剂浓度以及溶剂和水等反应条件的影响。

二(邻甲酸甲酯苯酚)乙醇胺铝酸酯紫外线吸收剂的研究

研究了一种新型铝酸酯紫外线吸收剂的合成及其工艺条件,测试了其紫外线吸收光谱、红外光谱、荧光光谱,并进行热重分析,表明了合成的产物是一种具有良好热稳定性的紫外线吸收剂。

S-adenosyl-methionine decreases ethanol-induced apoptosis in primary hepatocyte cultures by a c-Jun N-terminal kinase activity-independent mechanism

AIM： To determine the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK） activity in ethanol-induced apoptosis and the modulation of this signaling cascade by S-Adenosylmethionine （AdoMet）. METHODS： Primary hepatocyte cultures were pretreated with 100 IJmol/L SP600125, a selective JNK inhibitor, 1 mL/L DMSO or 4 mmol/L AdoMet and then exposed to 100 mmo/L ethanol. Hepatocyte apoptosis was determined by the TUNEL and DNA ladder assays. JNK activity and its inhibition by SP600125 and AdoMet were determined by Western blot analysis of c-jun phosphorylation and Bid fragmentation. SP600125 and AdoMet effects on the apoptotic signaling pathway were determined by Western blot analysis of cytochrome c release and pro-caspase 3 fragmentation. The AdoMet effect on glutathione levels was measured by EIIman＇s method and reactive oxygen species （ROS） generation by cell cytometry. RESULTS： The exposure of hepatocytes to ethanol induced JNK activation, c-jun phosphorylation, Bid fragmentation, cytochrome c release and pro-caspase 3 cleavage; these effects were diminished by SP600125, and caused a significant decrease in ethanol-induced apoptosis （P〈 0.05）. AdoMet exerted an antioxidant effect maintaining glutathione levels and decreasing ROS generation, without a significant effect on JNK activity, and prevented cytochrome c release and pro-caspase 3 cleavage.CONCLUSION： The JNK signaling cascade is a key component of the proapoptotic signaling pathway induced by ethanol. JNK activation may be independent from ROS generation, since AdoMet which exerted antioxidant properties did not have a significant effect on JNK activity. JNK pathway modulator agents and AdoMet may be components of promising therapies for alcoholic liver disease （ALD） treatment.

Identification of the toxic compounds produced by Sargassum thunbergii to red tide microalgae

The inhibitory effects of methanol extracts from the tissues of three macroalgal species on the growths of three marine red tide microalgae were assessed under laboratory conditions.Extracts of Sargassum thunbergii(Mertens ex Roth) Kuntz tissue had stronger inhibitory effects than those of either Sargassum pallidum(Turner) C.Agardh or Sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo on the growths of Heterosigma akashiwo(Hada) Hada,Skeletonema costatum(Grev.) Grev,and Prorocentrum micans Ehrenberg.Methanol extracts of S.thunbergii were further divided into petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,butanol,and distilled water phases by liquid-liquid fractionation.The petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions had strong algicidal effects on the microalgae.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of these two phases identified nine fatty acids,most of which were unsaturated fatty acids.In addition,pure compounds of four of the nine unsaturated fatty acids had effective concentrations below 5 mg/L.Therefore,unsaturated fatty acids are a component of the allelochemicals in S.thunbergii tissue.

Kinetics of esterification of methanol and acetic acid with mineral homogeneous acid catalyst

In this work, esterification of acetic acid and methanol to synthesize methyl acetate in a batch stirred reactor is studied in the temperature range of 305.15–333.15 K. Sulfuric acid is used as the homogeneous catalyst with concentrations ranging from 0.0633 mol·L-1to 0.3268 mol·L-1. The feed molar ratio of acetic acid to methanol is varied from 1:1 to 1:4. The influences of temperature, catalyst concentration and reactant concentration on the reaction rate are investigated. A second order kinetic rate equation is used to correlate the experimental data. The forward and backward reaction rate constants and activation energies are determined from the Arrhenius plot.The developed kinetic model is compared with the models in literature. The developed kinetic equation is useful for the simulation of reactive distillation column for the synthesis of methyl acetate.

Properties of Surface Cyclic Oligomers Present on Polyester Fiber

The effects of different treatments, such as dry heat,wet heat, solvent vapor and ultrasonic, on propertiesof the cyclic oligomers on the surface of polyester fiberare studied. The components of surface oligomers areanalyzed through Thin-Layer Chromatograph. Theresult shows that: all of the treatment, especially solvent vapor treatment,call significantly increase the content of surface cyclic oligomers.The content of cyclic triIner is increased more considerably than other oligomers. Moreover,the morphology and thedistribution of surface cyclic oligomers are also different from different treatments:Dry heat and wet heat cause larger polygonal solids distributed evenly on the surface of fiber;solvent vapor nlakes fiber surface exhibit irregular rodlike crystal shapes randomly;ultrasonic treatment induces some obscureand smaller deposi^on the surface of fiber.

In-situ Enhanced Toughening of Poly（ethylene terephthalate）/elastomer Blends via Gamma-Ray Radiation at Presence of Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate

Gamma-ray radiation has always been a convenient and effective way to modify the inter- facial properties in polymer blends. In this work, a small amount of trimethylolpropane triacrylate （TMPTA） was incorporated into poly（ethylene terephthalate） （PET）/random terpolymer elastomer （ST2000） blends by melt-blending. The existence of TMPTA would induce the crosslinking of PET and ST2000 molecular chains at high temperatures of blend- ing, resulting in the improvement in the impact strength but the loss in the tensile strength. When the PET/ST2000 blends were irradiated by gamma-ray radiation, the integrated me- chanical properties could be enhanced significantly at a high absorbed dose. The irradiated sample at a dose of 100 kGy even couldn＇t be broken under the impact test load, and at the same time, has nearly no loss of tensile strength. Based on the analysis of the impact- fractured surface morphologies of the blends, it can be concluded that gamma-ray radiation at high absorbed dose can further in situ enhance the interfacial adhesion by promoting the crosslinking reactions of TMPTA and polymer chains. As a result, the toughness and strength of PET/ST2000 blend could be dramatically improved. This work provides a facial and practical way to the fabrication of polymer blends with high toughness and strength.