Aimed at the lack of self-tuning PID parameters in conventional PID controllers, the structure and learning algorithm of an adaptive PID controller based on reinforcement learning were proposed. Actor-Critic learning ...Aimed at the lack of self-tuning PID parameters in conventional PID controllers, the structure and learning algorithm of an adaptive PID controller based on reinforcement learning were proposed. Actor-Critic learning was used to tune PID parameters in an adaptive way by taking advantage of the model-free and on-line learning properties of reinforcement learning effectively. In order to reduce the demand of storage space and to improve the learning efficiency, a single RBF neural network was used to approximate the policy function of Actor and the value function of Critic simultaneously. The inputs of RBF network are the system error, as well as the first and the second-order differences of error. The Actor can realize the mapping from the system state to PID parameters, while the Critic evaluates the outputs of the Actor and produces TD error. Based on TD error performance index and gradient descent method, the updating rules of RBF kernel function and network weights were given. Simulation results show that the proposed controller is efficient for complex nonlinear systems and it is perfectly adaptable and strongly robust, which is better than that of a conventional PID controller.展开更多
Indonesia government in this term Directorate General of Higher Education providing grants for ICT infrastructttres supplied through all bequest competitions. The kinds and amount of the grants are various which can b...Indonesia government in this term Directorate General of Higher Education providing grants for ICT infrastructttres supplied through all bequest competitions. The kinds and amount of the grants are various which can be used to provide hardware to make ICT based teaching materials. The government issued a huge amount of funds, therefore, it must be balanced with an optimal utilization. This research aims to analyze cost efficiency of dual mode web-based learning in Indonesia. The object of this research is four higher educations in Indonesia. The analysis is done by comparing the average cost per student and the average cost per subject among 4 institutions. The result showed that there are institutions that issued higher cost compared with the others in producing the same learning media.展开更多
With the use ofa Geiger proportional counter with sensor tube of Russian and Chinese origin, a comparison was made in this work between measurements of environmental ionizing radiation with these detectors and a sodiu...With the use ofa Geiger proportional counter with sensor tube of Russian and Chinese origin, a comparison was made in this work between measurements of environmental ionizing radiation with these detectors and a sodium iodide scintillator activated with TI （Thallium NaI）. Through measurements carried out in a room located inside a tower 25 meters high on the ITA （Technological Institute of Aeronautics） campus, it was possible to study the efficiency of the three instruments for the environmental measurement of ionizing radiations at that location. Between March 7th and June 2nd of 2017, in that region, nine intense and weak rains were observed with 12 cold fronts coming from southern Brazil. Radiation measurements and the local meteorology involved are analyzed in this work to verify possible correlations.展开更多
In the new period, the physical education in colleges and universities is of greater and greater significance for the enhancement of students＇ learning efficiency. In this paper, the current situation of the current ...In the new period, the physical education in colleges and universities is of greater and greater significance for the enhancement of students＇ learning efficiency. In this paper, the current situation of the current physical education is analyzed, and also related suggestions on the optimization of the P.E. course teaching plan are proposed.展开更多
Multi-media overcomes the defects of traditional teaching means so foreign language teaching rapidly develops with such technology. It becomes a bottleneck to restrict intelligence learning software development. To so...Multi-media overcomes the defects of traditional teaching means so foreign language teaching rapidly develops with such technology. It becomes a bottleneck to restrict intelligence learning software development. To solve the problem, this paper discuss basic knowledge in speech recognition and studies targeted corpus according to English pronunciation habit of Chinese people. Integrated with oral English learners＇ requirements with Chinese as native language, this paper applies DTW model-based speech recognition technology for Viterbi decoding speech, then it recognizes and scores through posterior probability. After experiment verification, English pronunciation recognition model in this paper is verified to be reasonable and credible and it can offer learners＇ timely, accurate and objective evaluation and feedback direction to correct pronunciation errors to improve oral English learning efficiency.展开更多
Nowadays, Classroom environment is the main part for English teaching activities. The favorable environment in classroom can greatly influence the students＇ learning efficiency.Through a field study and analysis on t...Nowadays, Classroom environment is the main part for English teaching activities. The favorable environment in classroom can greatly influence the students＇ learning efficiency.Through a field study and analysis on the factors influencing English class in private colleges, this discourse intends to figure out the factors that influence the English learning class environment, and then find out some problems, fmally give some efficient solutions to them.展开更多
Improving college students＇ listening and speaking ability is a very important part of college English teaching Based on the foreign and domestic studies on how to improve students＇ listening and speaking ability, t...Improving college students＇ listening and speaking ability is a very important part of college English teaching Based on the foreign and domestic studies on how to improve students＇ listening and speaking ability, this paper explores the 1 ＋ 1 model in listening and speaking class, which is to divide the listening and speaking class into two parts--small speaking class combined with students＇ online autonomous learning. Through one-year experiment and study on two classes, although there is no significant difference between the performances of these classes, this study has shed some light on how to vary the teaching methods, how to improve the class efficiency, students＇ autonomy in leaming, and how to build new assessment system. Further studies could be made later based on this展开更多
The clearance of the hemisphere dynamic pressure motor is small and difficult to measure, the measurement method of micro clearance is studied. The shortcomings of the original measurement method are analyzed, and a c...The clearance of the hemisphere dynamic pressure motor is small and difficult to measure, the measurement method of micro clearance is studied. The shortcomings of the original measurement method are analyzed, and a clearance measuring device for the hemisphere dynamic pressure motor is designed, which improves the measurement efficiency and stability.展开更多
The so-called comprehensive practice activities refer to that under teachers＇ guidance, students conduct independent comprehensive learning activities, and in activities, students can train practice ability, organica...The so-called comprehensive practice activities refer to that under teachers＇ guidance, students conduct independent comprehensive learning activities, and in activities, students can train practice ability, organically combining theory knowledge and practice knowledge together, in order to have a learning and practice effect. In current college English teaching, it exists module, single and dogmatic and a series of disadvantage trends, taking comprehensive practice activities as the carrier to improve college English teaching efficiency, which has a multiplier effect. This paper first analyzes the importance of comprehensive practical activities in college English teaching activities, and then it proposes a set of practicable activity strategies, hoping to play a valuable role.展开更多
This experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, University of Sulaimany to study the effect of different levels of Flax seed powder （FP） as a source of omega-3 on the carcass characteristics of Karadi Iambs...This experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, University of Sulaimany to study the effect of different levels of Flax seed powder （FP） as a source of omega-3 on the carcass characteristics of Karadi Iambs. It used 20 male Karadi lambs, with an average live-weight of 28 ± 0.398 kg and 4-5 months. They were randomly distributed to 4 treatments. FP was supplemented at the levels of 3%, 6% and 9% compared with the control group for 88 days. At the end of the experiment 12 lambs were slaughtered after overnight fasting of feed. Carcasses were chilled for 24 h at 4 ℃. Then, several measurements of carcass characteristics were taken. The results showed： no significant differences have been shown in relation to daily feed intake, live weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The treatment 9% recorded the highest in hot carcass weight （HCW） and cold carcass weight （CCW）, rib eye area （REA） and the lowest fat thickness of subcutaneous fat as compared to other treatments. While, no significant differences in dressing percentage （DP） were seen between treatments. Generally percentage of tail fat related to carcass weight and subcutaneous fat to intermuscular fat ratio decreased with FP supplementation. About carcass cuts, significant （P 〈 0.05） differences were seen in percentage of major carcass cuts （leg, rack, loin and shoulder） and secondary cuts （neck, foreshank, flank and breast cuts） relative to cold carcass weight. It can be concluded that using Flax seed powder （FP） as a source of omega-3 supplementation improved carcass characteristics and efficiency of meat production.展开更多
This paper develops a kind of generalized double-sided moral hazard model of contract choice with Cobb-Douglas technology in a frame of principal-agent theory. The two parties, the principal and the agent, generally h...This paper develops a kind of generalized double-sided moral hazard model of contract choice with Cobb-Douglas technology in a frame of principal-agent theory. The two parties, the principal and the agent, generally have different levels of production efficiency, relative importance factor and are risk-averse or risk-neutral. Using this model, we formally prove that the optimal contract maximizes the output net of the disutility of both the parties and carry out some simulations exercise under two special cases which help explain the double-sided moral hazard issues. By focusing on production efficiency, relative importance factor and risk attitude respectively, this paper analyzes the properties of optimal contracts under three cases.展开更多
基金Projects 0601033B supported by the Science Foundation for Post-doctoral Scientists of Jiangsu Province, 0C4466 and 0C060093the Scientific and Technological Foundation for Youth of China University of Mining & Technology
文摘Aimed at the lack of self-tuning PID parameters in conventional PID controllers, the structure and learning algorithm of an adaptive PID controller based on reinforcement learning were proposed. Actor-Critic learning was used to tune PID parameters in an adaptive way by taking advantage of the model-free and on-line learning properties of reinforcement learning effectively. In order to reduce the demand of storage space and to improve the learning efficiency, a single RBF neural network was used to approximate the policy function of Actor and the value function of Critic simultaneously. The inputs of RBF network are the system error, as well as the first and the second-order differences of error. The Actor can realize the mapping from the system state to PID parameters, while the Critic evaluates the outputs of the Actor and produces TD error. Based on TD error performance index and gradient descent method, the updating rules of RBF kernel function and network weights were given. Simulation results show that the proposed controller is efficient for complex nonlinear systems and it is perfectly adaptable and strongly robust, which is better than that of a conventional PID controller.
文摘Indonesia government in this term Directorate General of Higher Education providing grants for ICT infrastructttres supplied through all bequest competitions. The kinds and amount of the grants are various which can be used to provide hardware to make ICT based teaching materials. The government issued a huge amount of funds, therefore, it must be balanced with an optimal utilization. This research aims to analyze cost efficiency of dual mode web-based learning in Indonesia. The object of this research is four higher educations in Indonesia. The analysis is done by comparing the average cost per student and the average cost per subject among 4 institutions. The result showed that there are institutions that issued higher cost compared with the others in producing the same learning media.
文摘With the use ofa Geiger proportional counter with sensor tube of Russian and Chinese origin, a comparison was made in this work between measurements of environmental ionizing radiation with these detectors and a sodium iodide scintillator activated with TI （Thallium NaI）. Through measurements carried out in a room located inside a tower 25 meters high on the ITA （Technological Institute of Aeronautics） campus, it was possible to study the efficiency of the three instruments for the environmental measurement of ionizing radiations at that location. Between March 7th and June 2nd of 2017, in that region, nine intense and weak rains were observed with 12 cold fronts coming from southern Brazil. Radiation measurements and the local meteorology involved are analyzed in this work to verify possible correlations.
文摘In the new period, the physical education in colleges and universities is of greater and greater significance for the enhancement of students＇ learning efficiency. In this paper, the current situation of the current physical education is analyzed, and also related suggestions on the optimization of the P.E. course teaching plan are proposed.
文摘Multi-media overcomes the defects of traditional teaching means so foreign language teaching rapidly develops with such technology. It becomes a bottleneck to restrict intelligence learning software development. To solve the problem, this paper discuss basic knowledge in speech recognition and studies targeted corpus according to English pronunciation habit of Chinese people. Integrated with oral English learners＇ requirements with Chinese as native language, this paper applies DTW model-based speech recognition technology for Viterbi decoding speech, then it recognizes and scores through posterior probability. After experiment verification, English pronunciation recognition model in this paper is verified to be reasonable and credible and it can offer learners＇ timely, accurate and objective evaluation and feedback direction to correct pronunciation errors to improve oral English learning efficiency.
文摘Nowadays, Classroom environment is the main part for English teaching activities. The favorable environment in classroom can greatly influence the students＇ learning efficiency.Through a field study and analysis on the factors influencing English class in private colleges, this discourse intends to figure out the factors that influence the English learning class environment, and then find out some problems, fmally give some efficient solutions to them.
文摘Improving college students＇ listening and speaking ability is a very important part of college English teaching Based on the foreign and domestic studies on how to improve students＇ listening and speaking ability, this paper explores the 1 ＋ 1 model in listening and speaking class, which is to divide the listening and speaking class into two parts--small speaking class combined with students＇ online autonomous learning. Through one-year experiment and study on two classes, although there is no significant difference between the performances of these classes, this study has shed some light on how to vary the teaching methods, how to improve the class efficiency, students＇ autonomy in leaming, and how to build new assessment system. Further studies could be made later based on this
文摘The clearance of the hemisphere dynamic pressure motor is small and difficult to measure, the measurement method of micro clearance is studied. The shortcomings of the original measurement method are analyzed, and a clearance measuring device for the hemisphere dynamic pressure motor is designed, which improves the measurement efficiency and stability.
文摘The so-called comprehensive practice activities refer to that under teachers＇ guidance, students conduct independent comprehensive learning activities, and in activities, students can train practice ability, organically combining theory knowledge and practice knowledge together, in order to have a learning and practice effect. In current college English teaching, it exists module, single and dogmatic and a series of disadvantage trends, taking comprehensive practice activities as the carrier to improve college English teaching efficiency, which has a multiplier effect. This paper first analyzes the importance of comprehensive practical activities in college English teaching activities, and then it proposes a set of practicable activity strategies, hoping to play a valuable role.
文摘This experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, University of Sulaimany to study the effect of different levels of Flax seed powder （FP） as a source of omega-3 on the carcass characteristics of Karadi Iambs. It used 20 male Karadi lambs, with an average live-weight of 28 ± 0.398 kg and 4-5 months. They were randomly distributed to 4 treatments. FP was supplemented at the levels of 3%, 6% and 9% compared with the control group for 88 days. At the end of the experiment 12 lambs were slaughtered after overnight fasting of feed. Carcasses were chilled for 24 h at 4 ℃. Then, several measurements of carcass characteristics were taken. The results showed： no significant differences have been shown in relation to daily feed intake, live weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The treatment 9% recorded the highest in hot carcass weight （HCW） and cold carcass weight （CCW）, rib eye area （REA） and the lowest fat thickness of subcutaneous fat as compared to other treatments. While, no significant differences in dressing percentage （DP） were seen between treatments. Generally percentage of tail fat related to carcass weight and subcutaneous fat to intermuscular fat ratio decreased with FP supplementation. About carcass cuts, significant （P 〈 0.05） differences were seen in percentage of major carcass cuts （leg, rack, loin and shoulder） and secondary cuts （neck, foreshank, flank and breast cuts） relative to cold carcass weight. It can be concluded that using Flax seed powder （FP） as a source of omega-3 supplementation improved carcass characteristics and efficiency of meat production.
文摘This paper develops a kind of generalized double-sided moral hazard model of contract choice with Cobb-Douglas technology in a frame of principal-agent theory. The two parties, the principal and the agent, generally have different levels of production efficiency, relative importance factor and are risk-averse or risk-neutral. Using this model, we formally prove that the optimal contract maximizes the output net of the disutility of both the parties and carry out some simulations exercise under two special cases which help explain the double-sided moral hazard issues. By focusing on production efficiency, relative importance factor and risk attitude respectively, this paper analyzes the properties of optimal contracts under three cases.
