旅游开发背景下传统村落功能演变的过程与机制--以黄山市西溪南村为例

以黄山市传统村落西溪南村为例,通过对多元利益主体进行深度访谈,运用扎根理论方法从微观视角探索乡村功能演变的过程与机制。研究发现,西溪南村发展规划明晰,乡村旅游业形态丰富,乡村多元功能价值体系日益凸显。西溪南村乡村功能演变是地方政府、外来旅游企业、外来民宿投资者、本地居民与游客等多方利益主体协作共生的必然结果。政府政策引导是促进由内而外要素流动、乡村多功能转型的基础保障,外来旅游企业是推动西溪南村旅游开发经营的主导力量,外来民宿投资者是建构乡村民宿与生态空间、引领乡风文明实践的关键先驱,本地居民是填补细分市场、实现居业协同的重要践行者,各利益主体间的协作共生推动西溪南村乡村功能发展演变。

Spatio-temporal Pattern of Multifunction Tradeoffs and Synergies of the Rural Landscape:Evidence from Qingpu District in Shanghai

The configuration of a multifunctional rural landscape is critical for its protection.Although studies on multifunctional rural landscapes have been conducted,there is a lack of information regarding the spatiotemporal characteristics and tradeoff/synergy relationships of rural landscape functions in the time series on the administrative unit scale.The purposes of this study were to(1)analyze the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of the tradeoff and synergy from the perspective of multifunctionality for efficient use of rural landscape resources and(2)formulate regional sustainable development policies to minimize the conflict between people and nature.Aiming at the scientific representation of landscape function and the quantification of landscape multifunctional relationships,and by taking Qingpu District of Shanghai as an example,six kinds of rural landscape functions were constructed according to the functional framework of"productive function,living function and ecological function".Based on the data for 1980 to 2018,the characteristics of variations of multifunctional tradeoff and synergy relationships of the rural landscape in 184 administrative villages were studied by the methods of Spearman rank correlation coefficient analysis and bivariate spatial autocorrelation.The following results were obtained.1)The fine division of rural landscape function types was realistic and necessary for analyzing the regional multi-function relationships in the regions with rapid development.In the process of rapid urbanization,the rural landscape functions of urban suburban areas changed under the combined action of natural resource endowment,social and economic conditions and other internal and external factors.As a result,the agricultural production function could not replace the economic development function and become the function of rural landscape production.The research results of Qingpu District showed that the agricultural production function was no longer the primary functional form,yet the economic development function became the dominant function in this area.2)Temporal and spatial analysis methods of rural landscape functions can accurately and comprehensively reflect the evolution of the characteristics of multifunction tradeoffs and synergies.According to the Spearman rank correlation analysis of the multifunction value of the rural landscape in the time dimension,the results masked the differences of resource and environment carrying capacity caused by the differences of regional landscape resource endowment in the spatial dimension.3)The spatial and temporal differences of the multi-functional tradeoffs and synergies of the rural landscape in Qingpu District from 1980 to 2018 were significant.There was significant heterogeneity of tradeoffs and synergies between functions in the spatial pattern,with clustering characteristics.Meanwhile,as for the temporal pattern,the tradeoffs and synergies of functions changed differently in terms of Moran’s I and the correlation coefficient.The results of this study can provide scientific references for urban-suburban-rural space reconstruction and regional sustainable development.