基于原住民地方感的乡村景观特征认知与评价体系构建——以北京怀柔北宅村为例

乡村景观评价是乡村景观规划的基础性工作,然而,现有评价体系大多从外来者视角出发,忽视了原住民需求,同时评价体系构建方法不够客观。文章以北京怀柔北宅村为例,结合地方感理论,运用高频词分析和数据统计方法,筛选出自然景观、景观空间、景观质量、乡村文化4类共13项重要景观特征指标及原住民地方感指标,构建结构方程模型进行问卷验证,进而构建基于原住民需求的乡村景观评价体系,探究景观特征对于地方感的作用机制,以期为乡村景观规划贴近居民需求提供参考。结果表明:景观特征感知程度平均值从高到低依次为自然景观(3.91)>景观质量(3.83)>乡土文化(3.81)>景观空间(3.63);原住民在乡村景观特征认知方面有着不同的偏好和关注点,与日常生活关联度高的要素能为北宅村村民提供更为强烈的地方感。

乡村振兴背景下乡村产业发展特征及影响因素分析——以河北省为例

乡村产业发展是农村发展的基础,也是实现乡村全面振兴的关键。分析乡村产业发展发现,农户对未来扩大农业投资的意愿不强,农产品现代化销售方式较为欠缺,乡村产业和农户分化为形成特色产业集群奠定基础,但乡村产业发展面临的动力不足问题仍是制约实现乡村全面振兴的难点。针对上述问题,基于河北省475户农户和234名村干部的微观调研数据,重点从农村位置、设施、农产品交易和加工等外在客观条件分析影响乡村产业发展的因素发现,交通便利程度、村水利设施和冷库对乡村产业发展具有统计意义上的显著影响,农产品交易市场和农产品加工企业在统计意义上不显著。最后,从优化产业结构形成特色产业集群、适度引进农业龙头企业等方面提出对策建议。

图式语言视角下的巩义市河洛镇乡村景观空间解析

河洛地区一直是中国古代政治、经济、文化发展的中心,其所蕴含的河洛文化更是被称之为中华民族文化的源头之一。以巩义市河洛镇乡村景观空间为研究对象,利用图式语言的研究方法对乡村景观空间进行识别与解构。结果表明:(1)河洛镇乡村景观空间可划分为居住空间、连接空间、附属空间和复合空间,提取出“字”“词”“词组”共121种图式语汇,构建了河洛镇乡村景观的图式原型库。(2)河洛镇乡村景观空间的语法反映了一种复杂而又有序的拼接嵌套逻辑,反映了人们在地域文化和自然环境条件下的营建智慧,构筑了河洛镇乡村景观空间独特的语法系统。(3)在不同语境类型下,河洛镇乡村景观空间不仅存在一定的共性特征,还具有相当多的个性差异。不同村落在单体建筑空间和院落布局等基本空间单元上存在着相似特征,却也通过建筑组团、生产空间布局等复杂空间单元,展现出各自鲜明的个性差异。

基于乡村机能恢复的乡村旅游特征值选择及其开发控制

乡村旅游之美源于乡村独特的自然风光和田园野趣,乡村的一草一木皆散发出独特的乡土风情,这正是游客梦萦魂牵,寻觅向往之处。但是在乡村旅游开发与发展中存在大量非乡村因素,远离了乡村旅游本质,因此从乡村旅游特征值的确定与测量为起点,根据乡村旅游特征中食物、建材、能耗、文化、自然等因素建立测量指标,尝试量化乡村旅游开发中的乡土性,并在此基础上提出开发控制措施,为乡村旅游的价值提升和真正乡村的回归及乡村机能的恢复提供新的视角和思路。

东洞庭湖地区沿湖乡村景观构成元素与保护更新策略

从宏观角度分析了东洞庭湖地区乡村景观的总体风貌特征,概述了东洞庭湖地区基本概况,提炼、分类与调研了东洞庭湖地区乡村景观元素,总结出目前东洞庭湖区域乡村景观现状问题,并提出整治对策。

乡村庭院植物景观演变特征研究

文章对比分析了珠海市传统型和现代型乡村的庭院植物特征,以及引起其变化的影响因素。研究表明:1)珠海传统型乡村的庭院植物种类有30种,现代型乡村为42种,现代型较传统型增加了12种,但庭院植物数量呈减少趋势;2)乡村庭院植物的空间布局总体呈现出"由院内向院外、由中心向角落"的变化趋势;3)珠海传统乡村庭院植物主要以果树为主,经济食用功能植物占81.8%,而现代乡村庭院在传承原有植物功能的基础上,对植物观赏性有了更多的关注,观赏功能植物占45.5%,而经济食用型植物降低至36.3%;4)传统型乡村的庭院生态空间率、平均绿化覆盖率、绿斑数量和平均绿斑面积分别为12.24%、10.26%、142.2个和8.81 m2,而现代型乡村则分别为4.08%、4.97%、92.4个和5.98 m2,均呈明显下降趋势,植物体量上也趋向于小型化;5)文化驱动影响下,追求居住空间最大化和效仿绿化模式城市化是乡村庭院植物特征变化的重要因素。最后,文章基于分析结果对珠海乡村庭院景观建设提出了建议。

乡村景观资源特征指标体系构建

为科学指导不同规模不同特点的生态宜居、美丽乡村建设与发展,从分类与评价两方面,构建一套乡村景观资源特征指标体系。首先,以价值中立为导向,基于尊重文脉地脉的人地关系理论,从自然地理区划与文化地理学视角出发制定体系构建原则,筛选景观特征要素,根据不同尺度的乡村景观拟定针对性方法范式,构建多尺度多层级嵌套式的乡村景观资源特征分类体系;其次,基于功能产生价值原理,从表征乡村景观资源特征的景观空间格局、景观过程和景观感知3个维度出发,以科学性、完整性、可比性和可操作性为原则选择评价指标,根据不同景观资源类型构建乡村景观资源评价体系;最后,将分类体系与评价体系整合,构建出一套打破行政边界的多尺度多层级的适合中国国情的本土化乡村景观资源特征指标体系,以期为不同尺度层级的乡村景观保护规划、营建与维护管理等提供科学、高效的指导依据和决策支持,助力乡村振兴。

杭州传统型与现代型乡村公共游憩绿地植物景观特征对比

提升乡村植物景观美感度,延续乡村文化形成差异化景观,创造宜居宜业宜游的乡村人居环境,是当前进行乡村植物景观营造的重要问题。文章从传统型和现代型2种乡村类型中各选取3个行政村作为研究对象,调查建成区内公共游憩绿地植物景观,通过计算各村公共游憩绿地绿色贡献率、人均绿地面积等植物景观指数,以及相对频度、相对密度、相对覆盖度、重要值等植物特征指数,对比分析传统型和现代型乡村公共游憩绿地植物景观特征的差异,并分析其影响因素及发展趋势,为杭州地区乡村公共游憩绿地的植物景观提升与建设提供参考。

乡村旅游消费者研究——概念、群体特征及行为过程

为系统梳理乡村旅游消费者研究脉络,收集国内近10年相关研究成果,通过对乡村旅游消费者相关概念、类别、群体特征及消费行为过程的回顾,对以往研究取得的进展和不足进行了评述,进而提出未来研究应朝以下几个方面努力:科学界定乡村旅游消费者概念及内涵;统一建构并完善乡村旅游消费者满意度测量体系;进一步细化研究群体,重点关注特定消费群体;丰富研究内容,重视潜在客源分析;重视乡村旅游消费群体对其他个体的影响等方面。

富春江滨江平原乡村景观特征研究--以桐庐梅蓉村为例

乡村景观特征的研究是乡村规划建设的前提与基础。该文选择桐庐梅蓉村为典型样本,微观上,利用图解分析从自然景观要素、农业景观要素及聚落景观要素三个层面分析梅蓉村乡村景观要素特征;宏观上,利用Fragstats景观指数分析从斑块类型水平、景观水平两个角度整体分析景观格局特征,从而总结提炼乡村景观特征现状。为分析富春江其他乡村景观特征提供借鉴与参考。

美丽乡村规划技术方法探索——以青岛市崂山湾国际生态健康城村庄改造为例

在国家城乡统筹理念不断深化的背景下,美丽乡村建设已成为城镇化发展的重要环节。文章以青岛市崂山湾国际生态健康城村庄改造为例,立足于村庄的自然资源禀赋、历史传统等基本特质,系统构建一套逐层细化、因地制宜的美丽乡村规划技术方法体系,以期为我国美丽乡村的发展提供思路与方法借鉴。

乡村景观生态规划及其研究方法

分析了乡村景观格局的特征,对我国实现现代化新农村建设进程中出现的问题进行了归纳并推本溯源,探讨了解决办法,总结了国外乡村景观规划优秀案例及其理论依据,引用并借鉴了理查德·福尔曼的由景观格局指数为出发点的"斑块-廊道-基质"模式,提出了根植于实际调查的乡村景观生态规划研究方法。

乡村“扫黑除恶”中文化功能价值研究

目前,我们国家正处在全面建成小康社会的决胜期,乡村振兴战略的推进至关重要,其中乡村治理、乡村基层政治建设愈加受到关注。2018年初,国家发布《关于开展扫黑除恶专项斗争的通知》更深刻强调了"扫黑除恶专项斗争"工作。为此,从乡村黑恶现象的文化成因、扫黑除恶专项斗争的解决方向等问题着手。由于乡村文化的滞后性、复杂性是乡村黑恶现象发生的原因之一,所以,在基层治理建设中,在"扫黑除恶"专项斗争中,需要点明文化的重要价值和作用。借助文化的教化、整合两大功能提出专项斗争的思路观点,发挥文化功能在"扫黑除恶"整治行动中的积极意义。

乡村旅游特征值的测定

蓬勃兴起的乡村旅游,在开发与发展中存在大量非乡村因素,文中从乡村旅游特征值的确定与测量为起点,按照不同生态功能区域对乡村旅游乡土性的不同要求,并根据乡村旅游特征中食物、建材、能耗、文化、自然等乡土性测量,用层次分析法计算其权重,得出乡村旅游开发中保持乡土性的关键指标,用以衡量乡村旅游的生态回归和乡村社区传统回归状况,为乡村旅游的价值提升和真正乡村的回归提供新的视角和思路。

广州周边地区乡村转型面临的危机及规划应对

简要回顾了改革开放以来广州周边地区乡村城镇化的历程,总结了该地区乡村发展存在的问题与特征。认为在城市规模不断扩大与城乡统筹发展的背景下,传统乡村面临着空间不断消亡、地域认同感消失、自主性不足、高风险等一系列危机。对此,城乡规划应当树立"城乡价值平等"的理念,划定永久性乡村发展区;以"中心城市—新市镇—特色乡村"的城乡体系层次引导乡村空间的保护式发展,以"乡村生态绿道"建设为契机,实现乡村生态空间整合,优化城乡公交网和乡村公共设施的配置,从而促进农村的发展。

Spatial Differentiation,Typological Structure,and Influencing Factors of A-grade Scenic Spots in China

Tourism scenic spots serve as direct attractions for tourists and crucial drivers for the transformation and upgrading of the tourism industry,so they play an irreplaceable role in the development of the tourism sector.The quantity and grades of A-grade scenic spots are the mainstay of competition in various tourism markets,and their spatial layout is very important for the development of regional tourism.Using 11970 A-grade scenic spots in China as the research sample,and methods such as the Nearest Neighbor Index Method,Kernel Density Estimation Method,and Grid Dimension Method,the spatial distribution,typological structure,and influencing factors of A-grade tourist attractions were analyzed to identify the main natural,economic,and social factors influencing the spatiotemporal pattern of A-grade scenic spots.The results indicated that China’s A-grade scenic spots exhibit clustering characteristics in their spatial distribution.The kernel density center shows a spatial pattern of“multiple cores,with secondary cores surrounding,and a gradual decrease”.The spatial structure is fractal and complex,with significant regional differences and a notable scale-free range.The types of tourist destinations and products exhibit distinct regional features,with a higher concentration of scenic spots in the regions in South China and East China,which are characterized by favorable natural and economic conditions and convenient transportation.A-grade scenic spots are densely distributed around the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the eastern regions such as Shanghai,Zhejiang,and Jiangsu provinces.Analyzing the spatial distribution characteristics of A-grade scenic spots in China contributes to our understanding of the complexity of scenic spot layout and spatial connections,which provides a basis for optimizing the layout of tourism development within regions,the rational allocation of resources,enhancing the quality and efficiency of the tourism industry,and promoting sustained and healthy regional economic development.It is conducive to the strategic work of tourism development and rural revitalization in China,and serves as a reference for decision-making.

Rural Ecotourism: An Effective Way of Maintaining Indigenous Character in Rapidly Urbanizing Rural Areas: A Case Study of Five Golden Flowers in Chengdu, China

China is the largest developing country in the world and a well-known agricultural country. China＇s urbanization is a subject of great interest, one that has attracted the attention of people throughout the world. Whereas a handful of studies have assessed various aspects of urbanization（urban expansion, urban transition, urban-rural relationships, the spatial changes in urban and rural areas, motivations for sustaining rural places）, little is known of how to retain the indigenous character of rural areas in terms of landscape design. In this paper, the authors set out to contribute to this significant gap. They used Chengdu City and Five Golden Flowers（FGF） village in Chengdu＇s suburbs as case studies. A detailed description of the application of Ebenezer Howard＇s Garden City vision in Chengdu City was made; the Garden City vision was the key premise for FGF＇s ecotourism industry and successful conservation of landscapes with indigenous character. An analysis of the post-ecotourism landscape in FGF was accomplished using a typology method. Finally a set of landscape design methods for retaining indigenous character was proposed. The main conclusion of this paper was as follows： rural ecotourism can contribute to maintaining the indigenous character of rapidly urbanizing rural landscapes with the use of appropriate inheritance and renovation ways. The findings here may provide useful information for decision making by urban planners and policy-makers.

Spatial Distribution and Cultural Features of Traditional Villages in Beijing and Influencing Factors

Traditional villages are important part of Beijing, an internationally famous historic and cultural city. Exploring the spatial distribution and cultural features of traditional villages, and the factors that have shaped them,will help promote the protection and utilization of traditional villages in Beijing. ArcGIS spatial analysis, literature analysis, fieldwork and in-depth interviews were mainly carried out to analyze the spatial distribution and cultural features of traditional villages in Beijing and their influencing factors. The results show three main features.(1) The overall distribution of traditional villages in Beijing is random, although there are more traditional villages in the southwest and northeast and less in the southeast and northwest. Most of them are distributed along the higher piedmont plains or intermountain basins, and most of them are backed by hills and surrounded by rivers or along the ancient road.(2) There are some cultural commonalities among the traditional villages in Beijing, and nine typical traditional village cultures have been formed, including traditional residential culture, traditional folklore culture,the Great Wall garrison culture, mausoleum guarding culture, etc.(3) The formation of the spatial distribution and cultural features of traditional villages in Beijing is influenced by natural environmental factors like terrain, climate,and rivers, as well as human activities such as royal life, capital construction, ancient military defense, transportation, trade, etc. This study can provide a reference for the scientific protection and effective utilization of traditional villages in Beijing and all over the country.