This work aimed at investigating whether the liver glucose metabolism could have a role in any change of glucose homeostasis that might exist in the reduced-litter rat at the age of 60 days. Additionally, post-weaning...This work aimed at investigating whether the liver glucose metabolism could have a role in any change of glucose homeostasis that might exist in the reduced-litter rat at the age of 60 days. Additionally, post-weaning caloric restriction and its hepatic effects were explored, as this intervention is reported as a useful measure against obesity and its related disturbances. The animals were raised in litters of nine （control, CG） or three pups during lactation. These small-litter pups were FG （fed freely） or subjected to 30% RG （caloric restriction） after weaning until 60 days of age. The increased adiposity induced by lactational overfeeding was not reversed by caloric restriction. Hepatocyte glucose metabolism and glucose tolerance test were not affected by litter size, but caloric restriction increased liver basal glucose release, diminished gluconeogenesis and retarded the glycemic decay during the insulin tolerance test. Liver glucose metabolism of young adult rats was not affected by lactational overfeeding. Up to this age, however, moderate caloric restriction had a potent influence that might compromise whole-body glucose homeostasis and prompt to insulin resistance.展开更多
The aim of this field study was to evaluate the influence of the probiotic BioPlus 2B on the weight loss of sows during lactation and weaning weight of litter and piglets. A total of 126 gilts/sows on commercial pig f...The aim of this field study was to evaluate the influence of the probiotic BioPlus 2B on the weight loss of sows during lactation and weaning weight of litter and piglets. A total of 126 gilts/sows on commercial pig farm were allocated to either group of 61 sows supplemented with probiotic BioPlus 2B 400 g per ton or a non-supplemented control group of 65 sows from two weeks before farrowing to weaning. Microbiological contents of feed rations were analyzed. Data were statistically processed by MS Excel program package using methods for descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and t-test. Lactating sows supplemented with probiotic BioPlus 2B increased their feed intake. It reduced sows weight loss during lactation; weight loss was 40.4-44.8 kg in controls versus 18.0-23.0 kg in supplemented sows （p 〈 0.05）. Insemination of sows was done 4-5 day after weaning. Repeated insemination was needed for more sows in control group-22 sows in the control group vs. 12 sows in the supplemented group （p 〈 0.05）. Reduce percent of repeated insemination from 36% to 18.5% in a commercial pig farm is a notable effect. The number of weaned piglets/litter is not significantly different between control and supplemented groups （10.54 piglets versus 10.63, p 〉 0.05）. Weaned litter weight was 85.2 kg in control group and 83.4 kg in the supplemented group （p 〉 0.05）. It concludes that these are sound arguments to supplement all sows on commercial farm with BioPlus 2B.展开更多
Abstract Many rodents exhibit inducible defenses when exposed to chemical cues from mammalian predators. These responses may include delays in sexual maturation, smaller adult body size and decreases in litter size an...Abstract Many rodents exhibit inducible defenses when exposed to chemical cues from mammalian predators. These responses may include delays in sexual maturation, smaller adult body size and decreases in litter size and pup weight. We exposed the hybrid juvenile offspring of field-caught and lab-descended house mice Mus musculus to the chemical cues of mouse-fed or chick-fed kingsnakes, Lampropeltis getula, for 20 days after weaning, to examine the effects of ophidian predator cues on prey development. We hypothesized that these cues would elicit inducible defenses such as alteration of growth rates, and/or the timing of reproductive development in mice. Once mature, the reproductive effort of the mice might also be impacted by producing smaller litter sizes or lighter pups or not reproducing at all. We found no effect of kingsnake cues on any of the measures. These findings support the hypothesis that inducible defenses may have evolved as a strategy to deal with specific predators.展开更多
文摘This work aimed at investigating whether the liver glucose metabolism could have a role in any change of glucose homeostasis that might exist in the reduced-litter rat at the age of 60 days. Additionally, post-weaning caloric restriction and its hepatic effects were explored, as this intervention is reported as a useful measure against obesity and its related disturbances. The animals were raised in litters of nine （control, CG） or three pups during lactation. These small-litter pups were FG （fed freely） or subjected to 30% RG （caloric restriction） after weaning until 60 days of age. The increased adiposity induced by lactational overfeeding was not reversed by caloric restriction. Hepatocyte glucose metabolism and glucose tolerance test were not affected by litter size, but caloric restriction increased liver basal glucose release, diminished gluconeogenesis and retarded the glycemic decay during the insulin tolerance test. Liver glucose metabolism of young adult rats was not affected by lactational overfeeding. Up to this age, however, moderate caloric restriction had a potent influence that might compromise whole-body glucose homeostasis and prompt to insulin resistance.
文摘The aim of this field study was to evaluate the influence of the probiotic BioPlus 2B on the weight loss of sows during lactation and weaning weight of litter and piglets. A total of 126 gilts/sows on commercial pig farm were allocated to either group of 61 sows supplemented with probiotic BioPlus 2B 400 g per ton or a non-supplemented control group of 65 sows from two weeks before farrowing to weaning. Microbiological contents of feed rations were analyzed. Data were statistically processed by MS Excel program package using methods for descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and t-test. Lactating sows supplemented with probiotic BioPlus 2B increased their feed intake. It reduced sows weight loss during lactation; weight loss was 40.4-44.8 kg in controls versus 18.0-23.0 kg in supplemented sows （p 〈 0.05）. Insemination of sows was done 4-5 day after weaning. Repeated insemination was needed for more sows in control group-22 sows in the control group vs. 12 sows in the supplemented group （p 〈 0.05）. Reduce percent of repeated insemination from 36% to 18.5% in a commercial pig farm is a notable effect. The number of weaned piglets/litter is not significantly different between control and supplemented groups （10.54 piglets versus 10.63, p 〉 0.05）. Weaned litter weight was 85.2 kg in control group and 83.4 kg in the supplemented group （p 〉 0.05）. It concludes that these are sound arguments to supplement all sows on commercial farm with BioPlus 2B.
文摘Abstract Many rodents exhibit inducible defenses when exposed to chemical cues from mammalian predators. These responses may include delays in sexual maturation, smaller adult body size and decreases in litter size and pup weight. We exposed the hybrid juvenile offspring of field-caught and lab-descended house mice Mus musculus to the chemical cues of mouse-fed or chick-fed kingsnakes, Lampropeltis getula, for 20 days after weaning, to examine the effects of ophidian predator cues on prey development. We hypothesized that these cues would elicit inducible defenses such as alteration of growth rates, and/or the timing of reproductive development in mice. Once mature, the reproductive effort of the mice might also be impacted by producing smaller litter sizes or lighter pups or not reproducing at all. We found no effect of kingsnake cues on any of the measures. These findings support the hypothesis that inducible defenses may have evolved as a strategy to deal with specific predators.
