低渗透油田选择性酸化解堵剂研制

针对无机垢、有机垢和微生物细菌3种主要的造成地层堵塞因素,研制出一种适用于水敏性地层和低渗透油层的多功能水包油型乳状酸液(油为外相、酸为内相)。室内对无机垢解堵酸液、有机垢解堵剂及乳化剂进行了优选,得出:对于石灰岩乙酸为最佳解堵酸,对于硅质砂岩氟硼酸为最佳解堵酸;对于以沥青质、胶质为主要成分的有机垢堵塞,确定以粗苯-柴油(9∶1)复配体系为有机解堵剂;选择了具有耐酸能力、且具适宜HLB值的OP-10和Span80混合体系作为乳化剂,OP-10和Span80的最佳质量分数分别为0.4%和0.2%。考察了油和酸的乳化状况以及配成的乳状液随温度变化的稳定性,实验结果表明,无机垢解堵酸液和有机垢解堵剂的最佳配比为7∶3,该乳状液在室温下稳定,高温下自动破乳,释放出酸和高性能油,达到恢复和提高地层渗透率、提高原油产量的目的。

可取代有机溶剂的新型脱脂剂

在原脱脂剂的基础上,对不符合要求的成分进行了调整改良试验,将有色固体改为无色液体,改用高温型表面活性剂以避免高温下产生沉淀物,并将废水处理时不可降解的成分调整为可降解的同效成分,避免废水化学需氧量值超标,得到脱脂效果优良又环保的新型脱脂剂工艺。

In-hole velocity of detonation(VOD) measurements as a framework for the selection type of explosive

Velocity of detonation （VOD） is one of the most important properties of explosives and indicates perfor- mances of explosives in real time. With the development of blast monitoring systems, continuous VOD monitoring systems are recently available. The VOD measurement in holes helps in comparing and eval- uating relative performances of explosives. The purpose of this paper is a framework for selecting the type of explosives. This paper analyses the results of VOD measurements, carried out at the limestone quarry （Zrnotiti （~~rni kal）, Slovenia. Experiments were conducted to measure VOD in blast holes which were loaded with ANFO, heavy ANFO and emulsion explosives. The explosives are produced at the point of use with mobile equipment. In this study, resistance wire continuous VOD measurement system MicroTrap, VODSYS-4 from MREL was used and framework for selection the type of explosives has been suggested.