黑乳海参中两个新的四环三萜化合物

目的:研究黑乳海参体内的化学成分。方法:应用多种色谱技术对黑乳海参体内的化学成分进行分离纯化,根据化合物的理化性质和波谱数据鉴定其结构。结果:分离得到了2个三萜皂苷元类化合物,应用化学方法和各种光谱方法鉴定其结构为:3β,17α-二羟基-7,9-二烯-海参烷;3β,17α-二羟基-9,22-二烯-海参烷。结论:2个化合物均为新化合物。命名为黑乳参皂苷元A和B。是我国学者首次从海参中分离得到的三萜皂苷元类化合物。

黑乳参多糖的分离和组成鉴定

通过木瓜蛋白酶酶解方法从黑乳参中提取粗多糖,再经H2O2脱色、乙酸钾除蛋白、柱层析后等程序后得到精制的酸性黏多糖。琼脂糖凝胶电泳试验表明该多糖为单一成分,经GPC法测定重均分子量为76008Da。黑乳参黏多糖中硫酸基、葡萄糖醛酸、氨基半乳糖、岩藻糖含量分别为28.08%、20.71%、15.38%、12.48%。

海参科(Holothuriidae)中4种海参的营养成分分析

糙参、乌皱辐肛参、荡皮海参蛋白质含量69.61%～72.32%,总氨基酸57.47%～68.99%;脂肪0.41%～1.12%,不饱和脂肪酸40.92%～54.74%;灰分8.48%～18.33%,常量元素Ca含量最高,Mg、K、Na次之,微量元素中Fe最高,Zn、Cu、Mn、Mo、Se次之,Cr较低,Co未检出;粗多糖在2.56%～7.23%,乌皱辐肛参的粗多糖含量较高。黑乳参中蛋白质含量最高达80.73%,总氨基酸68.99%;脂肪仅含0.1%,不饱和脂肪酸在26.53%;灰分含量9.25%,常量元素由高到低顺序K、Mg、Ca、Na,而P的含量较低,微量元素中Zn含量最高,Fe、Mo次之,Co痕量;粗多糖含量较低为2.28%。分析发现黑乳参与其它3种海参营养成分有明显差异,属于高蛋白、低脂肪食用海参。

芪参通乳颗粒对警犬泌乳性能的影响研究

为研究中草药“芪参通乳颗粒”对哺乳期警犬乳腺腺体高度和仔犬体重的影响,本试验选择2~5岁的罗威纳母犬24只,分为2组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加中药制剂“芪参通乳颗粒”。结果显示:分娩后第14d,试验组犬的乳腺腺体高度明显高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组20日龄仔犬的体重也明显大于对照组(P<0.05)。说明中药制剂能提高警犬的泌乳性能。

补气养血疏肝通乳法对产后缺乳干预作用的研究

目的观察参乳贴治疗产后缺乳的临床疗效。方法将90例患者分为3组,每组30例。参乳贴组治疗组予参乳贴穴位贴敷治疗,对照组予通乳丹内服(通乳丹组)或多维元素片(维元素片组)口服,3组均治疗5d。观察治疗前后的乳房充盈程度、泌乳量、婴儿体质量、人工喂养次数、人工喂养容量和催乳素水平。结果参乳贴组乳房充盈程度、泌乳量、婴儿体质量、人工喂养次数、人工喂养容量与其他组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论参乳贴穴位贴敷能显著改善缺乳,满足婴儿母乳喂养的需要,并提高母乳喂养率。

海参的科学选购与食用

海参是海洋动物棘皮动物门海参属(Holothuria(Linnaeus,1767))的统称,全世界有1000余种,我国可食用海参有20几种。市场上常见的品种有刺参、茄参、梅花参、黑乳参、花刺参、糙海参、红参、北极参等种类。近年来,海参因其丰富的营养和活性成分,深受消费者青睐,但由于海参市场庞大,种类繁多,经常给消费者选购带来困惑,今天就来谈一谈海参的科学选购和食用注意事项。

参茸护肤乳对亚急性皮肤衰老模型小鼠皮肤的影响

目的观察参茸护肤乳对皮肤衰老的保护作用及可能作用机制。方法 71只小鼠按抽签法分为空白组、模型组、基质组、阳性对照组及参茸高、中、低剂量组各9只。除空白组外,其余各组通过皮下注射D-半乳糖建立皮肤衰老模型。造模后基质组涂抹护肤乳液基质;阳性对照组涂抹复颜滋润抗皱乳液;参茸高、中、低剂量组分别涂抹含12%人参提取物和11%鹿茸胶原多肽的护肤乳、含7%人参提取物和5%鹿茸胶原多肽的护肤乳、含3%人参提取物和2%鹿茸胶原多肽的护肤乳;各组给药剂量均为1 mg/cm^2,共给药42天。观察各组小鼠皮肤组织中的水分、透明质酸、羟脯氨酸、丙二醛(MDA)含量及谷胱甘肽过氧化氢酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,另外取8只小鼠进行急性多次皮肤刺激性实验观察参茸护肤乳对小鼠皮肤的刺激性。结果参茸护肤乳对皮肤安全、无刺激性。模型组小鼠皮肤中水分、透明质酸和羟脯氨酸含量及GSH-Px、SOD活力均下降,MDA含量升高(P<0.01)。小鼠皮肤经涂抹高剂量参茸护肤乳后,小鼠皮肤的水分、透明质酸和羟脯氨酸的含量及SOD、GSH-Px活性显著升高,MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),且与复颜滋润抗皱乳液效果相当。结论参茸护肤乳具有明显改善皮肤衰老的作用,提高皮肤衰老小鼠的皮肤水分、透明质酸、羟脯氨酸含量及SOD、GSH-Px活性,降低MDA含量可能是其机制之一。

姚明是最大的单个出口“商品”

登陆NBA的中国巨人姚明价值几何?中国外经贸部跨国研究中心研究员马宇经过计算后认定:“姚明是中国最大的单个出口商品。”其理由是,4年1780万美元的新秀合同结束后,姚明很可能成为NBA的顶尖中锋。那么2005年以后。

Preparation Technology of Ginseng Walnut Composite Milk Beverage

[Objective] This study was conducted to develop a new kind of ginseng walnut composite milk beverage. [Method] The flavor and emulsifier and stabilizer in ginseng walnut milk beverage were investigated by sensory evaluation and stability test. [Result] The amounts of ginseng extract, sucrose, complex emulsifier, sodium caseinate and carrageenan stabilizer added in the beverage were 20%, 6%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.1%, respectively. The complex emulsifier consisted of monoglyceride and sucrose fatty acid ester with a ratio of 1：2. The ginseng walnut milk prepared according to this process tastes fine and smooth with unique ginseng flavor, as well as good stability. [Conclusion] This study could provide good reference for develop- ment and production of ginseng walnut composite milk beverage.

Clinical Effects of Shenqi Fuzheng Injection in the Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Local Advanced Breast Cancer and the Effects on T-lymphocyte Subsets

Objective： To evaluate clinical effects of Shenqi Fuzheng Injection （参芪抉正注射液） in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy for local advanced breast cancer and the effects on T-lymphocyte subsets. Methods： During the period from 2000 to 2005, 126 patients with local advanced breast cancer were treated with the neoadjuvant chemotherapy. They were randomly divided into the following two groups： a control group of 61 cases treated by chemotherapy alone and a study group of 65 cases treated by chemotherapy plus Shenqi Fuzheng Injection, All the cases of both groups were given the CEF （CTX 500 mg/m^2, d1, 8; EP140 mg/m^2, d1, 8; and 5-Fu 500 mg/m^2, d1,8） regimen. The clinical effects, the effects on T-lymphocyte subgroup and NK cells, and the toxic side effects were observed. Results： All the patients completed two cycles of the chemotherapy, and the efficacy and the toxic side effects were evaluated. For the primary tumor in the breast, the total effective rate was 69.2% （45/65） in the study group and 49.2% （30/61） in the control group with a statistically significant difference in the intergroup comparison （x^2=5.251, P=0.022, 〈 0.05）. There was no progression of the disease in both the groups, and there were no grade IV toxic side effects in the two groups. The major toxic responses were myelosuppression and gastrointestinal reaction, which were milder in the study group than the control group, and with a shorter recovery course in the former than the latter. Besides, an obvious rise of the T-lymphocyte subgroup and NK cells was found in the study group after the neoadjuvant chemotherapy, with a very significant difference from the controls （P〈0.01）. Conclusions： Shenqi Fuzheng Injection can improve and regulate immune function of the patients with local advanced breast cancer given the neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and therefore it can enhance the curative effect and reduce the side effect as well.

Clinical Study on the Anti-Aging Effect of a Cream Containing Ginseng Root Extract and L-Carnosine

The anti-aging effects of a cream containing L-carnosine and ginseng root extract to provide a reference for the evaluation and development of anti-aging cosmetics were tested. Sixty healthy females, aged 35-60,were grouped into test sample and placebo groups. Skin elasticity, gloss, and wrinkles of the participants were analyzed before use and after use for 8 weeks. Instrument measurement results showed that after 8 weeks,skin elasticity, gloss, and wrinkles in the members of the test sample group obviously improved relative to those of the placebo group. Clinical effect assessment results showed that subjects did not experience adverse skin reactions, and their skin gloss showed obvious improvement. Self-assessment results showed that 87%subjects are satisfied with the test sample. Cream containing L-carnosine and ginseng root extract has a certain anti-aging effect.

Genetic Parameters for Udder Traits in Slovak Dairy Sheep and Their Crosses with Specialized Breeds

Genetic parameters for udder morphology traits either subjectively assessed or exactly measured, and a combination of both sets of traits were estimated using multi-trait animal model and algorithm REML （program VCE 4.0）. Purebred Tsigai and Improved Valaehian breeds, and crossbreds with Lacaune and East Friesian were studied. Subjectively assessed traits included udder depth （UD）, cistern depth （CD）, teat placement （TP）, teat size （TS）, udder cleft （UC）, udder attachment （UA） and udder shape （US）. Exact measurements included udder length （UL）, udder width （UW）, udder depth （UDEx）, cistern depth （CDEx）, teat length （TL） and teat angle （TA）. Heritabilities estimated for subjectively assessed traits were lower than those estimated for exact measurements and ranged from 0.090 （UA） to 0.294 （CD）. Heritabilities estimated for exact measurements ranged from 0.102 （UW） to 0.448 （CDEx）. In simultaneous evaluation of four subjectively assessed traits and corresponding exact measurements, heritabilities remained almost the same. High genetic correlations （0.855 to 0.937） between UD and UDEx, CD and CDEx, TS and TL and between TP and TA were found. These findings allow presuming that genetic evaluation based on subjectively assessed traits could become an effective tool in selection programs aimed at improvement of udder morphology in dairy ewes.

Primary Breast Lymphoma （PBL）： A Literature Review

Primary breast lymphoma is a rare disease. It is mainly found in female patients, the right breast in more frequently involved. The majority of PBL are diagnosed by biopsy or post- operative pathological findings. The combined therapy regimen, the main part of which is CHOP chemotherapy, is the main stream. Radical surgery is to be avoided.

Effects of Preparation Parameters on Paraffin Wax Microemulsion

The paraffin wax microemulsion was prepared from fully refined paraffin wax No.58-60 in the presence of a nonionic surfactant and an anionic surfactant.The influence of manufacturing parameters on the particle diameter of paraffin wax microemulsion included the quantity of the emulsifier,the temperature and emulsification time,the stirring speed,the pH value and the auxiliary ingredient(cosurfactant).The test results showed that the temperature of emulsification had little effect on the particle size of paraffin wax microemulsion in a temperature range of 75-85 ℃.Other manufacturing parameters all had a great effect on the particle size of paraffin wax microemulsion.The optimum preparation conditions included:a w(emulsifier) of 6%,an emulsification temperature of 80 ℃,an emulsification time of 40 min,a pH value of about 8,and a stirring speed of 600 r/min,with n-amyl alcohol serving as the co-surfactant.Under these conditions,a translucent and baby blue paraffin wax emulsion was prepared with its particle size equating to 97 nm.

Hydrolysis of Lactose： Estimation of Kinetic Parameters Using Artificial Neural Networks

The analysis of any kinetic process involves the development of a mathematical model with predictive purposes. Generally, those models have characteristic parameters that should be estimated experimentally. A typical example is Michaelis-Menten model for enzymatic hydrolysis. Even though conventional kinetic models are very useful, they are only valid under certain experimental conditions. Besides, frequently large standard errors of estimated parameters are found due to the error of experimental determinations and/or insufficient number of assays. In this work, we developed an artificial neural network （ANN） to predict the performance of enzyme reactors at various operational conditions. The net was trained with experimental data obtained under different hydrolysis conditions of lactose solutions or cheese whey and different initial concentrations of enzymes or substrates. In all the experiments, commercial 13-galactosidase either free or immobilized in a chitosan support was used. The neural network developed in this study had an average absolute relative error of less than 5% even using few experimental data, which suggests that this tool provides an accurate prediction method for lactose hydrolysis.

从西沙群岛物产的开发,看它与祖国悠久的历史关系——西沙群岛考察报告之一

一九七七年五六月间,由于科研工作的需要,在中国人民解放军驻西沙群岛部队、西、南、中沙群岛革委会和广大渔民的帮助下,我们同行的几位同志,先后在西沙群岛的永兴岛、石岛、东岛、珊瑚岛、甘泉岛、广金岛。

Effect of Process Parameters on Co-precipitation of Paclitaxel and Poly(L-lactic Acid) by Supercritical Antisolvent Process

Paclitaxel(PTX) is an effective anticancer drug with poor solubility in water.Recently,much effort has been devoted into alternative formulations of PTX for improving its aqueous solubility.In this study,PTX and poly(L-lactic acid)(PLLA) were co-precipitated by a supercritical antisolvent(SAS) process using dichloromethane(DCM) and the mixtures of DCM/ethanol(EtOH) or DCM/dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) as the solvent,with super-critical carbon dioxide as the antisolvent.The effects of solvent,solvent ratio,temperature,pressure,polymer con-centration and solution flow rate on particle morphology,mass median diameter(Dp50) and PTX loading were in-vestigated using single-factor method.The particle samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),laser diffraction particle size analyzer and high pressure liquid chromatogra-phy(HPLC).XRD results indicate that the micronized PTX is dispersed into the PLLA matrix in an amorphous form.SEM indicates that the solvent and the solvent ratio have great effect on the particle morphologies,and particle morphology is good at the volume ratio of DCM/EtOH of 50/50.For the mixed DCM/EtOH solvent,Dp50 increases with the increase of the temperature,pressure,PLLA concentration and solution flow rate,and PTX loading in-creases with pressure.Suitable operating conditions for the experimental system are as follows:DCM/EtOH 50/50(by volume),35 ℃,10-12 MPa,PLLA concentration of 5 g·L-1 and solution flow rate of 0.5 ml·min-1.

Effect of Sophora flavescens alkaloid on aerobic vaginitis in gel form for local treatment

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Sophora flavescens alkaloid(SFA) in gel form on aerobic vaginitis(AV) and the possible mechanism underlying the effects.METHODS: AV rat models were prepared by intravaginal inoculation of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. SFA gel and placebo gel were intravaginally administered. In vivo antibacterial effects,vaginal microenvironment, vaginal smears, pathological tissues of vaginas, and retention of gel in the vaginal cavity were investigated.RESULTS: SFA gel had much higher antibacterial effect than placebo gel. SFA gel protected the vaginal mucosa from erosion of bacteria. At the same time,they inhibited the inflammatory responses, exhibiting little leukocytes and parabasal cells. Furthermore, the number of vaginal Lactobacilli remarkably increased following administration of SFA gel.However, the vaginal p H did not recover to thehealthy acidic levels after treatment due to the buffering effect of gel. The gel of a fluorescent agent,Cyanine 7, showed very long retention time in the vaginal cavity, up to more than 24 h, much longer than the solutions.CONCLUSION: The SFA gel is a promising medicine for local treatment of AV with the advantages of anti-bacteria, protection of vaginal mucosa, increase of Lactobacilli, and long retention time in the vaginal cavity.