对小鼠血清中乳梨醇含量的测定

建立了测定小鼠血清中乳梨醇的含量的高效液相色谱法。分析柱为ＷａｔｅｒｓＳｕｇａｒ－Ｐａｋｌ（钙型）柱，流动相为重蒸水，柱温９０℃，采用示差折光检测器检测定量。回收率为９８．６％，方法的最低检测限为０．１μｇ（Ｓ／Ｎ＝３．７５），在０～６００ｍｇ／Ｌ的范围内呈良好的线性关系，ｒ＝０．９９９２，日内和日间ＲＳＤ均小于１．０％（ｎ＝５）。

高效液相色谱法测定大白鼠肠液中乳梨醇浓度

目的：建立高效液相色谱法测定大白鼠小肠液和盲肠液中乳梨醇浓度。方法：采用ＷａｔｅｒｓＳｕｇａｒ－Ｐａｋ１色谱柱，示差折光检测器，以水为流动相，柱温９０℃，流速０５ｍＬ·ｍｉｎ－１。在００２～２４ｍｇ·ｍＬ－１浓度范围内线性良好，最低检测浓度为２０μｇ·ｍＬ－１，回收率为９７５％（ＲＳＤ＝０２７％，ｎ＝５）。结果：乳梨醇在小肠内经０ｈ和４ｈ时的浓度分别为（１１４±０１５）ｍｇｍＬ－１和（０９７±０１５）ｍｇ·ｍＬ－１，在盲肠内经０ｈ和４ｈ时的浓度分别为（０９５±０２６）ｍｇ·ｍＬ－１和（０３０±００８）ｍｇ·ｍＬ－１。结论：肠道给药４ｈ后乳梨醇在小肠内的浓度基本不变，在盲肠内下降了１／３，可能在大肠杆菌中有关酶的作用下降解吸收。

HPLC法测定小鼠肝匀浆中乳梨醇的含量

用高效液相色谱法建立了小鼠肝匀浆中乳梨醇的含量测定方法。乳梨醇的回收率为９９．９％，日内和日间ＲＳＤ均小于１．０％（ｎ＝５）。

一水乳梨醇散剂与乳果糖口服液治疗慢性肝性脑病临床对照研究

目的评价一水乳梨醇（Lactitolum Monohydrate）散剂治疗慢性肝性脑病临床有效性和安全性。方法50例慢性肝性脑病病人被随机分成两组：治疗组26例，每天接受一水乳梨醇散荆10g和乳果糖口服液模拟剂10mL治疗。对照组24例，每天接受乳果糖口服液10mL和一水乳梨醇散剂模拟剂10g治疗。在实验开始时和实验的d3，d7．d10、d14检测病人血氨、数字连接试验和精神状态等指标。结果一水乳梨醇治疗慢性肝性脑病与乳果糖疗效相当（P〉0．05）。结论一水乳梨醇治疗慢性肝性脑病临床疗效明显，不良反应少，值得推广应用。

乳果糖和乳梨醇

乳果糖又称半乳糖甙果糖,人工合成的酸性二糖,分子中含有一个分子的丰乳糖和一个分子的果糖,为乳酸的衍生物,在小肠内不被双糖酶水解,绝大部分进入结肠,主要在右侧结肠内被乳酸杆菌、厌氧杆菌、大肠杆菌等分解成乳酸和醋酸,使肠腔内游离的氢离子(H^+)增加,显酸性,有利于某些有益菌,

乳梨醇对亚临床性肝性脑病的疗效观察──随机双盲临床试验

目的：评估乳梨醇（Ｌａｃｔｉｔｏｌ）治疗亚临床性肝性脑病的疗效和安全性。方法：３１例亚临床性肝性脑病病人随机分为两组，治疗组１６例，对照组１５例。双盲法分别给予４０％乳梨醇溶液０．５５－１．７５ｍｌ·ｋｇ￣（－１）·ｄ￣（－１），平均１．０５ｍｌ·ｋｇ￣（－１）·ｄ￣（－１）１日３次，以获得每天１－２次软便，及安慰剂５％葡萄糖１０ｍｌ，１日３次，均连续服用２周。服药前后分别行数字连按试验（ＮＣＴ）、数字符号试验（ＤＳ），体表感觉诱发电位（ＳＳＥＰ）及血氨检查，并随访有无临床肝性脑病发生。结果：乳梨醇能有效降低血氨，改善ＮＣＴ、ＤＳ，缩短ＳＳＥＰ的Ｎ２、Ｐ２、Ｎ３、Ｐ３潜伏期。Ｎ１－Ｐ３、Ｎ１－Ｎ３峰间潜伏期，且副反应小。结论：乳梨醇是一种安全，有效的亚临床性肝性脑病的治疗药物。

亚临床性肝性脑病的治疗对其转归的影响

评价亚临床性肝性脑病治疗与否对其转归的影响。材料和方法:31例亚临床性肝性脑病病人随机化分为两组,治疗组16例,对照组15例。双盲法分别给予40％乳梨醇溶液0.55～1.75m1/kg-d,平均1.05ml/kg·d.一日三次,以获得每天1～2次软便,及安慰剂5％葡萄糖10ml,一日三次,均连续眼用两周。服药前后分别行数字连接试验(NCT)、数字符号试验(DS)、体表感觉诱发电位(SSEP)及血氨检查,并随访有无临床性肝性脑病发生。结果:治疗组血氨明显降低,NCT、DS改善.SSEP检查中的N_2、P_2、N_3、P_3潜伏期和N_1-P_2、N_1-N_3峰间潜伏期缩短,且未有发生临床肝性脑病者。对照组有2例发生临床性肝性脑病,未发生脑病者各项检测指标无改善。结论:亚临床性肝性脑病宜早诊早治。

重视对亚临床肝性脑病的研究

1970年,Zeegen等对临床上无肝性脑病症状和体征的肝硬化病人进行了可定量的心理智能测试,结果发现部分病人存在智能障碍,其操作能力下降。不久其他学者的研究也证实了他的发现。随后各种测试方法也相继出现。研究者把这种临床上无脑病症状。

Effects of alkaline additives on the formation of lactic acid in sorbitol hydrogenolysis over Ni/C catalyst

Lactic acid is produced as a major byproduct during sorbitol hydrogenolysis under alkaline conditions.We investigated the effects of two different alkaline additives,Ca（OH）2 and La（OH）3,on lactic acid formation during sorbitol hydrogenolysis over Ni/C catalyst.In the case of Ca（OH）2,the selectivity of lactic acid was 8.9%.In contrast,the inclusion of La（OH）3 resulted in a sorbitol conversion of 99% with only trace quantities of lactic acid being detected.In addition,the total selectivity towards the C2 and C4 products increased from 20.0% to 24.5% going from Ca（OH）2 to La（OH）3.These results therefore indicated that La（OH）3 could be used as an efficient alkaline additive to enhance the conversion of sorbitol.Pyruvic aldehyde,which is formed as an intermediate during sorbitol hydrogenolysis,can be converted to both 1,2-propylene glycol and lactic acid by hydrogenation and rearrangement reactions,respectively.Notably,these two reactions are competitive.When Ca（OH）2 was used as an additive for sorbitol hydrogenolysis,both the hydrogenation and rearrangement reactions occurred.In contrast,the use of La（OH）3 favored the hydrogenation reaction,with only trace quantities of lactic acid being formed.

Carbohydrate malabsorption in patients with non-specific abdominal complaints

Non-specific abdominal complaints are a considerable problem worldwide. Many patients are affected and many differential diagnoses have to be considered. Among these, carbohydrate malabsorption seems to play an important role. However, so far, only incomplete absorption of lactose is broadly accepted, while the malabsorption of fructose and sorbitol is still underestimated, although in many parts of the world it is much more frequent. Despite the success of dietary interventions in many patients, there are still a lot of unanswered questions that make further investigations