AIM: To test if total ghrelin is present in infant formulas. METHODS: Using a radioimmunoassay, we measured total ghrelin concentrations in 19 samples of commercial infant formulas and in 20 samples of human milk. We ...AIM: To test if total ghrelin is present in infant formulas. METHODS: Using a radioimmunoassay, we measured total ghrelin concentrations in 19 samples of commercial infant formulas and in 20 samples of human milk. We also determined ghrelin concentration in the serum of infants and lactating mothers. RESULTS: Ghrelin concentrations were significantly higher in artificial milk (2007.1 ± 1725.36 pg/mL) than in human milk (828.17 ± 323.32 pg/mL) (P = 0.005). The mean ghrelin concentration in infant serum (n = 56) was 1115.86 ± 42.89 pg/mL, and was significantly higher (P = 0.023) in formula-fed infants (1247.93 ± 328.07 pg/mL) than in breast-fed infants (1045.7 ± 263.38 pg/mL). The mean serum ghrelin concentration (mean ± SD) in lactating mothers (n = 20) was 1319.18 ± 140.18 pg/mL. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that total ghrelin is present in infant formulas. This findingraises diverse questions regarding the uptake, absorption and metabolic effects of this hormone.展开更多
In this study, the effects of fermented whey （FW） in treating bacillary dysentery caused by Shigellaflexneri in albino rats and on the gastrointestinal （GIT） flora of apparently healthy albino rats （AHARs） were ...In this study, the effects of fermented whey （FW） in treating bacillary dysentery caused by Shigellaflexneri in albino rats and on the gastrointestinal （GIT） flora of apparently healthy albino rats （AHARs） were investigated. Prior the therapeutic assay, the growth inhibitory activity （GIA） of whey subjected to different fermentation durations at 30 ~ 2 ~C was first investigated using agar diffusion assay on the test organism, conventional antibiotics served as control. After this, the infectious dose of the organism was determined and used to infect another set of AHARs. The infected rats were grouped into two; group one was treated with 1.0 mL of the FW that exerted the highest GIA in the in vitro assay （FW1）, once daily for 7 d while group two was left untreated. The rats were observed for signs of recovery while their large intestine was subjected to histopathological examinations. For the effects of whey on GIT flora of AHARs, another group of AHARs was fed with FW1 for 3months. At 7 d intervals, their faeces were examined for microbial types and load. The in vitro GIA of the FWs on the test organism was superior to that of most of the antibiotics used and the administration of FW1 to infected rats caused them to recover by 72 h while those not treated with FW1 started to recover by 168 h. FWl did not significantly （p 〈 0.05） affect the GIT microflora loads but only the types.展开更多
Micro RNAs（mi RNAs） from milk whey have been considered for their potential as noninvasive biomarkers for milk quality control and disease diagnosis. However, standard protocols for mi RNA isolation and quantificati...Micro RNAs（mi RNAs） from milk whey have been considered for their potential as noninvasive biomarkers for milk quality control and disease diagnosis. However, standard protocols for mi RNA isolation and quantification from milk whey are not well established. The objective of this study was to compare two methods for the isolation of mi RNAs from milk whey. These two methods were modified phenol-based technique（Trizol LS followed by phenol precipitation, the TP method） and combined phenol and column-based approach（Trizol LS followed by cleanup using the mi RNeasy kit, the TM method）. Yield and quality of RNA were rigorously measured using a Nano Drop ND-1000 spectrophotometer and then the distribution of RNA was precisely detected in a Bioanalyzer 2100 instrument by microchip gel electrophoresis. Several endogenous mi RNAs（bta-mi R-141, bta-mi R-146 a, bta-mi R-148 a, bta-mi R-200 c, bta-mi R-362, and bta-mi R-375） and an exogenous spike-in synthetic control mi RNA（cel-mi R-39） were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction（PCR） to examine the apparent recovery efficiency of milk whey mi RNAs. Both methods could successfully isolate sufficient small RNA（200 nt） from milk whey, and their yields were quite similar. However, the quantification results show that the total mi RNA recovery efficiency by the TM method is superior to that by the TP method. The TM method performed better than the TP for recovery of milk whey mi RNA due to its consistency and good repeatability in endogenous and spike-in mi RNA recovery. Additionally, quantitative recovery analysis of a spike-in mi RNA may be more accurate to reflect the milk whey mi RNA recovery efficiency than using traditional RNA quality analysis instruments（Nano Drop or Bioanalyzer 2100）.展开更多
基金Supported by a MIUR Grant for Project of Research (ex60%-2008) Italy
文摘AIM: To test if total ghrelin is present in infant formulas. METHODS: Using a radioimmunoassay, we measured total ghrelin concentrations in 19 samples of commercial infant formulas and in 20 samples of human milk. We also determined ghrelin concentration in the serum of infants and lactating mothers. RESULTS: Ghrelin concentrations were significantly higher in artificial milk (2007.1 ± 1725.36 pg/mL) than in human milk (828.17 ± 323.32 pg/mL) (P = 0.005). The mean ghrelin concentration in infant serum (n = 56) was 1115.86 ± 42.89 pg/mL, and was significantly higher (P = 0.023) in formula-fed infants (1247.93 ± 328.07 pg/mL) than in breast-fed infants (1045.7 ± 263.38 pg/mL). The mean serum ghrelin concentration (mean ± SD) in lactating mothers (n = 20) was 1319.18 ± 140.18 pg/mL. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that total ghrelin is present in infant formulas. This findingraises diverse questions regarding the uptake, absorption and metabolic effects of this hormone.
文摘In this study, the effects of fermented whey （FW） in treating bacillary dysentery caused by Shigellaflexneri in albino rats and on the gastrointestinal （GIT） flora of apparently healthy albino rats （AHARs） were investigated. Prior the therapeutic assay, the growth inhibitory activity （GIA） of whey subjected to different fermentation durations at 30 ~ 2 ~C was first investigated using agar diffusion assay on the test organism, conventional antibiotics served as control. After this, the infectious dose of the organism was determined and used to infect another set of AHARs. The infected rats were grouped into two; group one was treated with 1.0 mL of the FW that exerted the highest GIA in the in vitro assay （FW1）, once daily for 7 d while group two was left untreated. The rats were observed for signs of recovery while their large intestine was subjected to histopathological examinations. For the effects of whey on GIT flora of AHARs, another group of AHARs was fed with FW1 for 3months. At 7 d intervals, their faeces were examined for microbial types and load. The in vitro GIA of the FWs on the test organism was superior to that of most of the antibiotics used and the administration of FW1 to infected rats caused them to recover by 72 h while those not treated with FW1 started to recover by 168 h. FWl did not significantly （p 〈 0.05） affect the GIT microflora loads but only the types.
基金Project supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Key Science and Technology Innovation Team(No.2011R50025)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31328022)
文摘Micro RNAs（mi RNAs） from milk whey have been considered for their potential as noninvasive biomarkers for milk quality control and disease diagnosis. However, standard protocols for mi RNA isolation and quantification from milk whey are not well established. The objective of this study was to compare two methods for the isolation of mi RNAs from milk whey. These two methods were modified phenol-based technique（Trizol LS followed by phenol precipitation, the TP method） and combined phenol and column-based approach（Trizol LS followed by cleanup using the mi RNeasy kit, the TM method）. Yield and quality of RNA were rigorously measured using a Nano Drop ND-1000 spectrophotometer and then the distribution of RNA was precisely detected in a Bioanalyzer 2100 instrument by microchip gel electrophoresis. Several endogenous mi RNAs（bta-mi R-141, bta-mi R-146 a, bta-mi R-148 a, bta-mi R-200 c, bta-mi R-362, and bta-mi R-375） and an exogenous spike-in synthetic control mi RNA（cel-mi R-39） were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction（PCR） to examine the apparent recovery efficiency of milk whey mi RNAs. Both methods could successfully isolate sufficient small RNA（200 nt） from milk whey, and their yields were quite similar. However, the quantification results show that the total mi RNA recovery efficiency by the TM method is superior to that by the TP method. The TM method performed better than the TP for recovery of milk whey mi RNA due to its consistency and good repeatability in endogenous and spike-in mi RNA recovery. Additionally, quantitative recovery analysis of a spike-in mi RNA may be more accurate to reflect the milk whey mi RNA recovery efficiency than using traditional RNA quality analysis instruments（Nano Drop or Bioanalyzer 2100）.
