Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) typically has a sudden or progressive onset of severe visual loss and an ominous association with an occult malignancy which contains breast cancer. Pathologically, CAR is the degen...Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) typically has a sudden or progressive onset of severe visual loss and an ominous association with an occult malignancy which contains breast cancer. Pathologically, CAR is the degeneration of photoreceptors. But the precise mechanism has not been fully established, CAR may result from autoimmune mediated apoptosis. And in recent years, there also have been some results demonstrating that tumor derived angiogenic factors such as VEGF may also confer the development of CAR, which may offer novel avenues for the therapeutic intervention in CAR. Early initiation of immunosuppressive therapy is critical for vision preservation. Future developments in rapid identification and longitudinal quantification of antibody levels would enable individualized management in these patients. The goal of this review was to analyze the epidemiology, the clinical features, the diagnosis and management of retinopathy in the context of recent advances in the elucidation of breast cancer-associated retinopathy (BCAR) pathogenesis.展开更多
In a retrospective study. liquid nitrogen preserved specimens from 50 women with primary breast cancer, who underwent surgery at the Beijing Institute for Cancer Research between June. 1986 and September, 1988, were i...In a retrospective study. liquid nitrogen preserved specimens from 50 women with primary breast cancer, who underwent surgery at the Beijing Institute for Cancer Research between June. 1986 and September, 1988, were investigated. All patients under this study were staged in TNM II or later, involved with axillary lymph node metastasis. and treated with systemic postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The median length of follow-up was 69 months. The expression of P-glycoprotein was investigated by means of immunohistochemistry, using a monoclonal antibody C219 specifically against P-glycoprotein and avidin -biotin peroxidase method. Posrtive staining for P-glycoprotein was found in 23(16%) of the 50 patients. The P-glycoprotein expression negative group fared better than the group that was P-glycoprotein posrtive in overall survival curves (p= 0. 0008 , by the generalized Wilcoxon test). The prognostic effect of P-glycoprotein expression remained statistically significant (p=0. 0007) after adjustment by multivariate analysis(Cox’s model)for other prognostic factors. It is demonstrated that P-glycoprotein expression is a significant and independent Predictor of postoperative survival in breast cancer patients. The results of the present study suggest that P-glycoprotein expression might also influence the bioiogical behavior of breast cancers.展开更多
文摘Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) typically has a sudden or progressive onset of severe visual loss and an ominous association with an occult malignancy which contains breast cancer. Pathologically, CAR is the degeneration of photoreceptors. But the precise mechanism has not been fully established, CAR may result from autoimmune mediated apoptosis. And in recent years, there also have been some results demonstrating that tumor derived angiogenic factors such as VEGF may also confer the development of CAR, which may offer novel avenues for the therapeutic intervention in CAR. Early initiation of immunosuppressive therapy is critical for vision preservation. Future developments in rapid identification and longitudinal quantification of antibody levels would enable individualized management in these patients. The goal of this review was to analyze the epidemiology, the clinical features, the diagnosis and management of retinopathy in the context of recent advances in the elucidation of breast cancer-associated retinopathy (BCAR) pathogenesis.
文摘In a retrospective study. liquid nitrogen preserved specimens from 50 women with primary breast cancer, who underwent surgery at the Beijing Institute for Cancer Research between June. 1986 and September, 1988, were investigated. All patients under this study were staged in TNM II or later, involved with axillary lymph node metastasis. and treated with systemic postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The median length of follow-up was 69 months. The expression of P-glycoprotein was investigated by means of immunohistochemistry, using a monoclonal antibody C219 specifically against P-glycoprotein and avidin -biotin peroxidase method. Posrtive staining for P-glycoprotein was found in 23(16%) of the 50 patients. The P-glycoprotein expression negative group fared better than the group that was P-glycoprotein posrtive in overall survival curves (p= 0. 0008 , by the generalized Wilcoxon test). The prognostic effect of P-glycoprotein expression remained statistically significant (p=0. 0007) after adjustment by multivariate analysis(Cox’s model)for other prognostic factors. It is demonstrated that P-glycoprotein expression is a significant and independent Predictor of postoperative survival in breast cancer patients. The results of the present study suggest that P-glycoprotein expression might also influence the bioiogical behavior of breast cancers.
