乳节藻果孢子萌发类型的研究

于1983年11月在福建晋江永宁海区采集乳节藻Galaxaura oblongata(E11. et Sol.)Lamx.,用单个囊果离体采果孢子方法,于9—18℃条件下,在室内进行人工培养,观察其果孢子发生的形态,结果表明:乳节藻暴孢子发生类型为直接丝状型;依萌发管的数目,把果孢子发育成为分枝丝状体阶段的形态分为单出型、双出型和三出型三种,此系直接丝状型的生物学特征;在细胞的末端出现长的、无色透明的毛状的细胞,是乳节藻属的果孢子在发育过程中所特有的形态特征。

复方九节茶乳膏的抗炎镇痛及皮肤安全性的初步研究

目的初步评价复方九节茶乳膏的抗炎、镇痛作用及其使用安全性。方法采用醋酸扭体法和小鼠耳廓肿胀模型观察镇痛、抗炎作用,并进行家兔皮肤刺激实验和豚鼠皮肤过敏实验。结果复方九节茶乳膏能显著性减少冰醋酸引起的小鼠扭体次数;抑制由二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀。复方九节茶乳膏对家兔完整皮肤无刺激性,单次给药破损皮肤组1只家兔出现轻度水肿,24h后恢复正常;豚鼠实验未出现变态反应。结论复方九节茶乳膏具有明显的镇痛、抗炎作用;复方九节茶乳膏对家兔皮肤无明显刺激性作用,对豚鼠皮肤无明显致变态反应作用。

复方九节茶乳膏的质量标准研究

目的建立复方九节茶乳膏质量标准.方法采用薄层色谱法对九节茶和冰片进行鉴别;HPLC双波长法测定复方九节茶乳膏中反丁烯二酸与迷迭香酸含量.采用KromasilC18色谱柱（250mm×4.6mm,5μm）,流动相为0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液（B）-0.1%甲酸水溶液（D）,梯度洗脱[0～10min,5% B→20% B;10～25min,20% B;25～30min,20% B→5% B;30～35min,5% B],流速为1.0mL·min^-1,检测波长为210nm和330nm,柱温为30℃.结果薄层鉴别斑点清晰,阴性无干扰;反丁烯二酸和迷迭香酸线性范围分别为6.53～65.28mg·L^-1（r=0.9999）和4.26～42.64mg·L^-1（r=0.9995）;平均加样回收率分别为98.3%（RSD=0.82%）和100.9%（RSD=0.63%）.结论该方法简单、准确、重复性好,能有效的控制该制剂的质量.

GC法测定复方九节茶乳膏中冰片的含量

目的建立气相色谱法测定复方九节茶乳膏中冰片的含量。方法以水杨酸甲酯为内标物,采用聚乙二醇(PEG)-20M毛细管柱,载气为N2,流速1.2 mL/min,进样口温度200℃,检测器温度220℃,程序升温,以内标法计算冰片含量。结果冰片在60.86～405.76μg/mL范围内线性良好,r=0.9998。平均加样回收率为100.62%,RSD为0.85%。结论该方法准确、灵敏,结果可靠,可用于复方九节茶乳膏的质量控制。

巴西橡胶有节乳管组织发育的研究

应用新方法研究了巴西橡胶（ＨｅｖｅａｂｒａｓｉｌｉｅｎｓｉｓＭｕｌ．Ａｒｇ．）树皮中有节乳管组织的发育过程和不同发育时期乳管组织的形态结构及其对橡胶树产胶的作用．研究结果表明，有节乳管组织是由维管形成层产生的乳管原细胞分化形成的，其进一步发育可分为发育早期、成熟期和衰老期三个时期，每个时期具有不同的形态结构特征．发育早期的乳管组织网状结构不完整，乳管数量少，直径、长度小，乳管间接合管数量也少．这时的乳管组织对胶树橡胶产量作用不大．成熟期的乳管组织形成了稳定且较致密的网状结构，乳管数量多，直径及长度大，接合管数量也多，是树皮中主要产胶的乳管组织．衰老期的乳管组织网状结构受到破坏，乳管组织分布较稀疏，乳管内乳胶开始凝固并逐步消失，已失去产胶能力．

橡胶树枝条初生乳管形态发育研究

橡胶树的初生乳管主要存在幼嫩树干、枝条、叶片、花和果实中,其发育过程依然不清楚。本研究利用石蜡制片和改良的碱处理剥离2种方法研究了幼嫩枝条初生乳管的形态发育过程,发现碱处理剥离法能观察到乳管从起源到发育成熟的连续过程,优于石蜡制片。采用碱处理剥离法系统研究橡胶树枝条不同发育时期初生乳管形态特征。从古铜期枝条不同部位分离的乳管形态差异较大,顶端分生组织附近的乳管呈线性长管状、不分支、无隔,外凸结构不明显;距顶端7 cm左右的乳管具有明显的外凸结构或珠状结构;距顶端14 cm处的乳管明显增粗,相邻乳管间外凸结构联结贯通形成乳管桥,最终形成网状结构。稳定期枝条各部位的乳管形态趋同,外凸或珠状结构的密度和乳管桥的密度均显著高于古铜期枝条对应的部位,都形成了复杂的网络结构。同时发现初生乳管是多核的。本研究结果表明橡胶树枝条初生乳管为无节联结乳管,是一种新的乳管类型。本研究对植物乳管发育研究有重要意义。

发育程度和发育期高潮持续时间、发育分型的鉴别及其对选材的作用

优秀运动员的早期选材工作已越来越受到各国体育工作者的重视,一些体育先进国家都已对此进行了专门的研究。在我国,对这一工作的研究还刚刚开始,选材基本上还是凭经验,主观地观察运动员的形态。

九节茶肿痛宁乳膏镇痛抗炎及皮肤刺激和过敏性作用

目的:对九节茶肿痛宁乳膏的镇痛抗炎作用进行了研究,并对其皮肤的刺激性和致敏性进行了初步评价。方法:以醋酸扭体法和二甲苯致耳肿胀实验研究九节茶肿痛宁乳膏的镇痛抗炎作用;通过对家兔皮肤刺激性实验、豚鼠皮肤过敏性实验对乳膏的安全性进行初步研究。结果:九节茶肿痛宁乳膏对二甲苯所致小鼠耳郭炎症和醋酸所致的腹痛有显著的抑制作用;对家兔皮肤无刺激性,对豚鼠也不引起过敏反应。结论:九节茶肿痛宁乳膏具有明显的镇痛抗炎作用,是一种安全性高的外用产品。

HPLC测定九节茶肿痛宁乳膏中异嗪皮啶与迷迭香酸的含量

目的:建立HPLC测定九节茶肿痛宁乳膏中异嗪皮啶与迷迭香酸含量。方法:采用Hypersil ODS C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)柱,以0.1%甲酸乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相,检测波长330 nm,柱温30℃,流速1 mL.min-1。结果:异嗪皮啶在4.06～64.96 mg.L-1线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),平均回收率100.48%,RSD 0.73%;迷迭香酸在12.3～196.8 mg.L-1线性关系良好(r=0.999 3),平均回收率101.98%,RSD 1.5%。结论:方法简单、准确、重复性好,能有效的控制该制剂的质量。

第二性征推导骨龄在选材中的应用

运动员科学化选材在一些体育先进国家对此都作了大量的专门研究,并把研究成果应用于运动实践,制定了选材标准和育才方法,在竞技体育中取得了优良成绩。而我国,在选材工作上,目前基本上还是凭教练员的经验,从运动员的形态、素质和成绩的好坏考虑的较多,这样就不可避免地将那些生活年龄虽小,发育程度偏大,运动能力提早表现的青少年误认为优秀运动人材,优先选入运动队,而那些发育期高潮时间长而推迟成熟的“大器晚成”者常常被遗漏,因此,为了提高选材的成功率,注重科学选材已迫在眉睫。

Ultrasound features of extranodal extension in the metastatic cervical lymph nodes of papillary thyroid cancer:a case-control study

Objective：Extranodal extension in cervical lymph nodes is an important risk factor for the progression and prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer.The purpose of this study was to identify the common and characteristic preoperative ultrasonography features that are associated with the pathologic extranodal extension of metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma.Methods：We retrospectively assessed and compared clinicopathologic and ultrasound features between 60 papillary thyroid cancer patients with extranodal extension and 120 control patients with papillary thyroid cancer without extranodal extension.Results：With respect to the pathological N stage and clinicopathologic features,N1b stage papillary thyroid carcinomas were more frequently found in patients who were extranodal extension-positive,in comparison with those who were extranodal extension-negative（78.3%vs.63.3%,P=0.043）.Extranodal extension was detected most frequently in level VI cervical lymph nodes（48.7%）.In our univariate analysis of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma,cervical lymph nodes with extranodal extension showed higher incidences of node matting,microcalcification,cystic area,aspect ratio＆lt;2,and larger diameter than those without extranodal extension（all P〈0.05）.Our multivariate analysis demonstrated that node matting and cystic area were independent risk factors for the presence of extranodal extension[odds ratio（OR）：4.751,95%confidence interval（CI）：1.212~18.626,P=0.025;OR：2.707,95%CI：1.127~6.502,P=0.026].Conclusions：Common ultrasound features may indicate the presence of extranodal extension in patients with metastatic cervical lymph nodes of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Analysis of factors related to non-sentinel lymph node metastasis in 296 sentinel lymph node-positive Chinese breast cancer patients

Objective: Axillary lymph node dissection(ALND) may be unnecessary in 20%–60% of breast cancer patients with sentinel lymph node(NSLN) metastasis. The aim of the present study was to review the medical records of Chinese patients with early-stage breast cancer and positive NSLN metastasis to identify clinicopathological characteristics as risk factors for non-NSLN metastasis.Methods: The medical records of 2008 early-stage breast cancer patients who received intraoperative sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB) between 2006 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. These patients were clinically and radiologically lymph nodenegative and had no prior history of receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy or endocrinotherapy. The clinicopathological characteristics of patients with positive NSLN metastasis who underwent ALND were investigated.Results: In the present study, 296 patients with positive NSLN metastases underwent ALND. Positive non-NSLN metastases were confirmed in 95 patients(32.1%). On univariate analysis, ≥ 3 positive NSLN metastases(P <0.01), NSLN macrometastases(P =0.023), and lymphovascular invasion(P = 0.04) were associated with non-NSLN metastasis(P <0.05). In multivariate analysis, the number of positive SLNs was the most significant predictor of non-SLN metastasis. For patients with 0, 1, 2, or 3 associated risk factors, the non-SLN metastatic rates were 11.5%, 22.5%, 35.2%, and 73.1%, respectively.Conclusions: The number of positive NSLNs, NSLN macrometastases, and lymphovascular invasion were correlated with nonSLN metastasis. The number of positive SLNs was an independent predictor for non-NSLN metastasis. When 2 or 3 risk factors were present in one patient, the probability of non-NSLN was higher than that in the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z0011 trial(27.3%); thus, avoiding ALND should be considered carefully.

Can Campylobacter jejuni play a role in development of celiac disease? A hypothesis

Celiac disease （CD） is an entropathy with malabsortive condition in which an allergic reaction to the cereal grain-protein （gluten） causes small intestine rnucosal injury. CD is a multifactorial disorder in which both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the disease development. Mechanisms have been described to explain the pathology of CD. T cells specific for multiple gluten peptides are found in virtually all patients. Generation of such a broad T cell response may be a prerequisite for disease development. CD is associated with multiple extraintestinal presentations, including neurological deficits. Recent studies have shown a significant correlation between anti-ganglioside antibodies and neurological disorders in patients with underlying CD. Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids which are abundant in nervous system and in other tissues including gastrointestinal tract. It is not known what triggers the release of anti-ganglioside antibodies in people with gluten sensitivity. But, the mechanism is likely to involve the intestinal immune system response to ingested gliadin, a component of wheat gluten. Studies showed that mechanisms different from gluten exposure may be implicated in antibody formation, and other environmental factors may also exist. In addition, considering the fact that genetic predisposition dysregulating mucosal immune responses in the presence of certain environmental triggers like gastrointestinal infections may be strong etiological factors for developing chronic intestinal inflammation including CD, the hypothesis raised in our mind that antiganglioside antibody formation in CD may play a role not only in development of neurological complications in celiac patients, but also in development of CD itself. As presence of Campylobacter jejuni in other diseases with antigangliosides antibody formation has been established, we propose the possible role of Campylobacter jejuni in development of CD in association with other genetic and environmental factors by the mechanism that molecular mimicry of gangliosides-like epitopes common to both lipo-polysacharide coats of certain strains of Campylobacter jejuni and gangliosides in cell structure of gastrointestinal mucosa may cause an autoimmune response and consequently lead to atrophy and degeneration of mucosa possibly by apoptosis.

Hepatitis B in pregnancy

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects about 350 million individuals worldwide. Management of HBV infection in pregnancy is difficult because of several peculiar and somewhat controversial aspects. The aim of the present review is to provide a tool that may help physicians to correctly manage HBV infection in pregnancy. This review focuses on (1) the effect of pregnancy on HBV infection and of HBV infection on pregnancy; (2) the potential viral transmission from mother to newborn despite at-birth prophylaxis with immunoglobulin and vaccine; (3) possible prevention of mother-to-child transmission through antiviral drugs, the type of antiviral drug to use considering their efficacy and potential teratogenic effect, and the timing of their administration and discontinuation; and (4) the evidence for the use of elective caesarean section vs vaginal delivery and the possibility of breastfeeding.

Foxp3 rs2294021 polymorphism contributes to the susceptibility to breast carcinoma

Objective:Foxp3,the main regulator of Treg (regulatory T) cells, is down-regulated in breast carcinoma and other cancers. The rs2294021 Foxp3 polymorphism contributes to Foxp3 down-regulation, thereby weakens its tumor suppressing activity. The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential influence of Foxp3 polymorphism on breast cancer, we conducted a case-control study in Han Chinese women. Methods: Foxp3 genotyping was conducted in 677 breast carcinoma patients and 828 age-frequency matched cancer-free controls. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Experiment data was analyzed using Chi-square test and SPSS software. Results: The T/C genotype was found to be significantly associated with increased risk of breast carcinoma occurrence (OR = 1.462; 95% CI 1.165-1.833, P = 0.001) compared with the T/T or C/C (OR 1.143; 95% CI 0.838-1.559, P = 0.397) genotype. The increased risk for breast carcinoma related to heterozygous genotype was more pronounced in subjects over 50 years (OR 1.631; 95% CI 1.116-2.383, P = 0.011). No significant association was found between the polymorphism and the ER/PR status, metastasis or tumor stage of breast cancer. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that rs2294021 Foxp3 polymorphism may be a potential contributor for development of breast carcinoma in Han Chinese women.

小儿厌食症方药

儿童处于生长发育时期,厌食会影响正常发育,应引起家长重视,积极进行治疗。 一、实证(多属食滞) 小儿增食丸(天津市药品标准):由焦山楂。

儿科疾病饮食宜忌(六)

六、疳积 疳积为儿童常见病,主要病因为喂养不当,乳食不节,或感染虫症,久病体虚,以致脾胃虚损所致。“积”指饮食失节,停滞不化,为食积,“疳”指积滞日久,耗伤正气,出现肚腹膨胀、面黄饥瘦。

小儿疳积治疗体会

小儿疳积，是儿科临床常见慢性营养障碍性疾病之一，多数由喂养不当、乳食不节或多种慢性疾病影响所致，表现全身虚弱羸疲、面黄、皮肤干燥、发枯等证候。我院自一九九三年以来，仿遵古今之法，采用健脾、理气、运脾、消食、益气、和中的法则，自拟“健脾消食散《冲剂》”...