星点设计-效应面法优化雷公藤微乳透皮给药系统研究

目的优化雷公藤微乳透皮给药系统的处方。方法以累积透皮量及4 h炎症抑制率为评价指标,采用星点设计-效应面法,确定优化处方。结果优化处方中油相油酸比例为0.12、表面活性剂(Labrasol和磷脂)和助表面活性剂(乙醇和Pharmasolve)的比例为0.59,水相比例为0.29。这时微乳累积透皮量为35.87 mg/mL,4 h炎症抑制率为61.56%。结论使用星点设计-效应面法能够快捷便利地得到雷公藤微乳透皮给药系统的优化处方,且所建立的模型具有良好的预测性。

乳透在乳腺疾病影像学诊断中的应用价值

目的:探讨乳透在乳腺疾病影像学诊断中的应用价值。方法:根据人体的生物组织对红外光吸收不同的原理,用红外探头对乳腺组织进行透照,经摄影取像,将经过主机处理的组织图像清晰地显示在屏幕上。结果:乳透检查14 570例,共查出乳腺增生症7 478例;良性肿瘤和疑似良性肿瘤共117例(乳腺彩超及病理证实77例);乳腺癌及疑似乳腺癌共9例(乳腺钼靶摄片及病理证实6例)。结论:乳透可作为乳腺癌联合诊断的一种辅助检查方法,也可作为体检初筛的常规方法之一。

红外线乳透对仙人掌外敷治疗乳腺增生的疗效观察

我院自2004年1月～2005年6月首次以红外线乳腺透照对仙人掌治疗乳腺增生进行了大量临床观察与研究，先后将3000例乳腺增生的患者随机分为三组：第一组单用仙人掌外敷，有效率为67％，第二组用抗乳腺增生药内服，有效率为70％，第三组以仙人掌外敷加药物内服，有效率提高至92％。观察到仙人掌外敷治疗乳腺增生与多种专治乳腺增生的内服药疗效相近，而仙人掌外敷与内服药物同时应用则大大提高二者的治疗效果，值得进一步研究与推广。

吲哚美辛纳米乳透皮制剂的制备及体外实验评价

目的制备一种高载药量、高渗透率的吲哚美辛纳米乳透皮制剂。方法利用冰片和薄荷醇低共熔物可增溶的特点,结合假三元相图和正交设计法,优化处方制备吲哚美辛纳米乳透皮制剂。通过考察离体大鼠皮肤的渗透特性,对比含低共熔物纳米乳、普通纳米乳剂和混悬液,评价透皮能力。结果处方为Lauroglycol FCC-薄荷/冰片(1∶1)-Cremophor ELP/Tran-scutol P(3∶2)(10∶50∶25);载药量为3.2%;低共熔物纳米乳、普通纳米乳和混悬液稳态渗透速率分别为40.46、14.85、2.0μg.cm-2.h-1,低共熔物纳米乳的累积渗透量明显高于其他两种剂型,且随时间增加,两者的差值变大。结论含有低共熔物的纳米乳剂能明显促进吲哚美辛的渗透与吸收。

乳腺疾病普查中常用检查方法的临床比较

目的:在妇女乳腺疾病普查中,评价触诊、红外线乳透、X线钼靶(MAM)、超声(US)4种常用方法的临床价值。方法:回顾性分析我院妇女普查结果,比较4种检查方法的优缺点。结果:触诊、红外线乳透、X线钼靶、超声4种方法检出乳腺癌的阳性率分别为45.83%、52.08%、81.25%和83.33%。漏诊数分别为26、23、9和8例。统计学处理表明阳性率和漏诊数钼靶和超声无显著差异(P<0.05),但两者明显优于其它方法。结论:触诊仍为普查的第一关,X线钼靶、超声应作为普查的首选,但即使几种方法均使用,仍有少数病例漏误诊,因此,须强调联合检查和综合分析。

残杀威对猪疥螨病的疗效观察

目的:了解5%残杀威微乳透皮剂及6%阿维菌素、残杀威微乳透皮剂对猪疥螨病的治疗效果。方法:两种药物分别采用涂擦与全身喷雾的方式进行治疗对比。结果:两种药物采用两种方法治疗效果都很好,猪只全身无不良反应。

Effect of Polyvinylpyrrolidone on the Morphologies of Latex Films and Air Permeability of the Latex Finished Fabrics

Low air permeability is a common problem happening to the coating finished and pigment dyed fabrics.To tackle the problem,styrene and butyl acrylate copolymer latex was prepared and used as substitute for the binder.Then,polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)was fed into the latex.It was expected that pores could form in the resulting latex film after being rinsed.The morphologies of the latex films were analysized by scanning electric microscope(SEM).It was found that the continuity of the latex films decreased greatly because of the addition of PVP,leading to the loss of the stress at break of the films.After rinsing with methanol aqueous solution,PVP was easily leached off and(macro)void was formed in the latex films.The size of the void decreased with the increase of the PVP concentration.Then,the latex with and without PVP was used to finish the cotton fabrics and engaged as binder in pigment dyeing.After PVP was rinsed out,the air permeability of the fabrics improved greatly,which recovered to that of the unfinished one.In the meantime,the color fastness to rubbing was little affected.So,the method of PVP addition could be termed as an efficient way to improve the air permeability in coating and dyeing industry.

Preparation of Latex Film with Macropores and Their Applications in Pigment Dyeing

Aiming at improving the permeability of the pigment dyed fabrics,two kinds of hydrophilic polymers(polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP),and polyethylene glycol(PEG)were fed into the styrene-butyl acrylate(St-BuA)copolymer latex binder respectively to prepare films with macropores.The effects of the post-added polymers on the latex film formation process and film structures were studied and the performance of the dyed fabrics was evaluated.It was found that the drying process could still be divided into three stages even after the addition of PVP and PEG.And the water evaporation rate during the first and last stage remained the same as usual.However,after the addition of PVP,the onset of the second stage was delayed to high volume fraction,and PVP formed into spherical dispersion phase with 300 nm in diameter.It provided a great deal of interface between the latex polymer and the PVP phase,which led to an increase in the water evaporation rate during the second stage.A different case was found after the feeding of PEG.Firstly,the first stage ended at low volume fraction and a decreased evaporation rate was observed in the second stage.Secondly,the PEG dispersion appeared as finger-like structure in the transmission electron microscopy(TEM)images with 9μm in length.After rinsing,pores were found only in the films formerly containing PVP or PEG,and the shapes and the sizes were closely correlated with the initial morphologies of the PVP or PEG domains.However,the shade of color,the abrasion fastness,and the permeability of the dyed fabric were independent of the type of the post-added hydrophilic polymer.

Utilization of Starch to Accelerate the Growth of Degrading Microorganisms on the Surface of Natural Rubber Latex Films

NRL （natural rubber latex） films with 0 （control） and 10 phr sago starch loading were buried in compost soil for 4 weeks. The biodegradation assessments were carried out through films WVT （water vapor transmission） and mass loss. Scanning electron microscopy was carried out to identify and monitor the properties of rubber degrading organism colonies. Results showed that incorporation of sago starch increased the formation and rates of propagation for microorganism colonies on NRL films with duration of biodegradation. The results also indicate the mechanism of sago starch granules utilization as sole source of energy for microbial growth. The behavior and characteristics of microorganisms involved in NRL films degradation also successfully discussed.

The treatment strategies of breast cancer in patients with renal dysfunction

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate renal insufficiency in patients with chemotherapy.Methods:Prescribing chemotherapy in a regular hemodialysis patient with renal failure,and monitoring of serum drug concentrations to determine its safety and effectiveness.Results:Chemotherapy assessment efficiency:SD(better),hemodialysis did not affect THP treatment,their safety was guaranteed.Conclusion:The chemotherapy of renal dysfunction is not an absolute contraindication to fully assess the patient's adverse effects and tolerability,the reasonable arrangements for hemodialysis and the timing of administration can be safe and effective chemotherapy.

口服硝苯地平致男性乳腺增生2例

例1，男，65岁，年度查体时发现：双侧乳晕隆起．乳房膨大如小馒头，乳头四周可触及圆盘状肥大的乳腺组织，边界清楚．肿块大多不规则，直径2～3.5cm不等，乳房皮肤色泽正常，触及质中，轻压痛，双乳头无分泌物。远红外线乳透仪扫描、乳房X线钼靶片检查提示双侧乳腺增生。血清泌乳素19．7μg／L，肝功能、雌激素、睾酮、头颅CT均无异常。

Microemulsion synthesis and photocatalytic activity of visible light-active BiVO_4 nanoparticles

A water-in-oil microemulsion made up of a cyclohexane/n-hexyl alcohol/Polyethylene glycol tertoctylphenyl/aqueous solution including Bi3+ and VO+3 ions yields the spherical BiVO4 precursors with the size from 5 to 300 nm. Well-crystallized monoclinic scheelite BiVO4 particles with nanometer or micrometer size are fabricated in control by heating microemulsion precursors under various temperatures. The corresponding nucleation and growth process of as-prepared samples has also been investigated via TEM,which demonstrates the detailed morphological evolution of nuclei inside the precursors. As-prepared BiVO4 photocatalysts exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation in comparison with the bulk BiVO4 prepared by solid-state reaction. The highest RB degrading efficiency of 98% in 180 min under visible-light irradiation is observed for the sample calcined at 600 °C.