酒精含量对快速发酵醉椒风味物质及微生物群落组成的影响研究

醉椒是以高酒精度白酒(30%以上)和辣椒为主要原料,低盐慢速发酵的西南特色鲜辣、低刺激调味品。其发酵周期长,且发酵原理、风味特征和微生物群落组成不明,制约品质和安全性控制。文章研究发现15%以上白酒(60%)显著抑制醉椒发酵过程,6%白酒发酵过快,酸味明显,质构变软;9%和12%为最适白酒添加范围,发酵30 d后pH稳定在3.5,总酸含量为13.93~15.92 g/kg,无酸味,无霉变,有清香味,咀嚼感良好;亚硝酸盐含量低于0.8 mg/kg,大肠菌群未检出。GC-MS结合16S rDNA、ITS高通量测序显示,真菌多样性高于细菌,克鲁维毕赤酵母、膜醭毕赤酵母、皱枝孢霉为优势真菌,黄曲霉、赭曲霉未检出,植物乳杆菌、肠膜明串珠菌为优势细菌;乳酸酯、萜类、糖醇、寡糖和鲜味氨基酸为醉椒特征风味物质。

Preparation of Organic Nanoacid Catalyst for Urethane Formation

Metal-free catalysts are preferred during these days in organic synthesis or in polymeriza- tions. Sulfonic acid is reported to be efficient in catalyzing reactions between isocyanates and alcohols. In this work, synthesis of sulfonic acid immobilized organic nanoparticles （nanoacid） and its application in catalyzing urethane formation, are elaborated. The nanoacid can be simply prepared by miniemulsion polymerization with a reactive surfacrant, namely sodium 4-（（perfluoronon-8-en-l-yl）oxy）benzenesulfonate, followed by an acidification. From the images of scanning electron microscope, the nanoacid obtained is found to be narrowly dispersed and the average diameter is around 90 nm. The measured sulfur content is 0.5%, from which the content of sulfonic acid in the nanoparticles is calculated to be 0.16 mmol/g. When catalyzing urethane formation based on hexamethylene diisocyanate and n-butanol, the nanoacid catalyst exhibits considerable efficiency.

Evaluation of Catalysts and Optimization of Reaction Conditions for the Dehydration of Methyl Lactate to Acrylates

The production of acrylates from biomass-originated lactic acid is of extraordinary importance, to overcome the increasing worldwide shortage of petroleum. In this study, the catalytic dehydration of methyl lactate over a calcium sulfate catalyst, with various promoters, has been carried out to identify potential catalyst/promoter combinations for acrylate production. The best catalyst for methyl acrylate formation in this study has been calcium sulfate, with cupric sulfate and phosphates as promoters. The optimal mass ratio of m（CaSOa） ： m（CuSOa） ： m（Na2HPO4） ： m（KH2PO4） is 150.0 ： 13.8 ： 2.5 ： 1.2. Effects of carrier gas, reaction temperature, feed concentration as well as contact time on the dehydration of methyl lactate have been investigated. With nitrogen as a carrier gas, a combined yield of acrylic acid and methyl acrylate is 63.9% from 60% （by mass） methyl lactate at 400℃ with 7.7 seconds contact time.

Preparation of high viscosity average molecular mass poly-L-lactide

Poly-L-lactide（PLLA） was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization fi＇om high purity L-lactide with tin octoate as initiator, and characterized by means of infi＇ared, and ^1H-nuclear magnetic resonance. The influences of initiator concentration, polymerization temperature and polymerization time on the viscosity average molecular mass of PLLA were investigated. The effects of different purification methods on the concentration of initiator and viscosity average molecular mass were also studied. PLLA with a viscosity average molecular mass of about 50.5×1^04 was obtained when polymerization was conducted for 24 h at 140℃ with the molar ratio of monomer to purification initator being 12 000. After purification, the concentration of tin octoate decreases; however, the effect of different purification methods on the viscosity average molecular mass of PLLA is different, and the obtained PLLA is a typical amorphous polymeric material. The crystallinity of PLLA decreases with the increase of viscosity average molecular mass.

Catalytic conversion of ethyl lactate to 1,2-propanediol over CuO

An efficient conversion of biomass-derived ethyl lactate to 1,2-propanediol(1,2-PDO) over CuO was investigated.Among the catalysts we tested, CuO, Cu2 O and Co showed excellent catalytic activity for the conversion of ethyl lactate to 1,2-PDO in water, and CuO was more active and gave the best result. The 1,2-PDO yield of 93.6% was achieved when Zn acted as a reductant. The results indicated that in situ formed hydrogen by the oxidation of Zn in water is more effective than gaseous hydrogen, which failed to produce the 1,2-PDO from ethyl lactate.From a practical point of view, the present method may provide a useful route for the production of 1,2-PDO from ethyl lactate.

Synthesis of L-Lactide from Butyl Lactate： Selection of Catalyst

The process of production of lactide from butyl lactate was investigated. The process consists of two stages： oligomerisation of butyl lactatean and depolymerisation of oligomers. The type catalysts of the series of Lewis acid were tested. It was found that SnCI4 is the most efficient catalyst for both stages.