“哭湿”类动结式的事件性特征

本文针对"哭湿"类动结式的两种表达形式,从事件性特征的角度考察其在实际篇章中的对立分布情况。考察发现,"哭湿"类动结式的一元非宾格形式和二元非宾格形式在具体事件和经常性事件的分布当中产生对立。一元非宾格形式在起始、持续、完成等阶段必然伴随变化,在时间轴上具有描写功能;二元非宾格形式无法在时间轴上表示阶段性变化,而是与经常义的副词或表示频度的名词共现,表达某种情况经常出现。

论汉英放置动词的论元结构

与英语不同,在汉语中同一个放置动词可以具有两个不同的论元结构,并且具有何种论元结构与句子所带的时态标记有关。基于事件性谓词假设,本文提出"事件性特征"的概念,解释了汉语放置动词的双论元结构现象,以及论元结构和时态的关系,并指出了汉英放置动词在论元结构上不同特征的原因。

Seasonality of the Lagged Relationship between ENSO and the Northern Hemispheric Polar Vortex Variability

<Abstract>This paper reports the seasonal feature of the relationship between ENSO and the stratospheric Polar Vortex Oscillation (PVO) variability in the Northern Hemisphere.It is shown that the lagged ENSO-PVO coupling relationship exhibits distinct seasonal feature,due to the strong seasonality of PVO and ENSO.Specifically,the PVO variability not only during winter,but also in autumn and spring months,is significantly correlated with ENSO anomalies leading by seasons;however,no significant effect of ENSO is found on the PVO variability in winter months of November and February.Although a significant ENSO effect is primarily observed when ENSO leads PVO by about one year,a significant correlation is also found between PVO in the following spring months (M +1 A +1) and ENSO anomalies in the previous autumn (A-1 S-1 O- 1 N -1) when ENSO anomalies lead by about 18 months.The significant correlation between PVO in various seasons and the corresponding ENSO anomalies leading by seasons could be explicitly verified in most of the individual years,confirming that the lagged ENSO effect can largely modulate the seasonal timescale variability of PVO.Moreover,the composite spatial patterns of the zonal-mean temperature anomalies further show that the ENSO effect on the PVO in various seasons is related to the interannual variability of the seasonal timescale PVO events.

Regional Characteristics and Causes of Haze Events in Northeast China

Northeast China experiences severe atmospheric pollution, with an increasing occurrence of heavy haze episodes. However, the underlying forces driving haze formation during different seasons are poorly understood. In this study, we explored the spatio-temporal characteristics and causes of haze events in Northeast China by combining a range of data sources(i.e., ground monitoring, satellite-based products, and meteorological products). It was found that the ‘Shenyang-Changchun-Harbin(SCH)'city belt was the most polluted area in the region on an annual scale. The spatial distribution of air quality index(AQI) values had a clear seasonality, with the worst pollution occurring in winter, an approximately oval-shaped polluted area around western Jilin Province in spring, and the best air quality occurring in summer and most of the autumn. The three periods that typically experienced intense haze events were Period I from mid-October to mid-November(i.e., late autumn and early winter), Period II from late-December to February(i.e., the coldest time in winter), and Period III from April to mid-May(i.e., spring). During Period I, strong PM_(2.5) emissions from seasonal crop residue burning and coal burning for winter heating were the dominant reasons for the occurrence of extreme haze events(AQI > 300). Period II had frequent heavy haze events(200 < AQI < 300) in the coldest months of January and February, which were due to high PM_(2.5) emissions from coal burning and vehicle fuel consumption, a lower atmospheric boundary layer, and stagnant atmospheric conditions. Haze events in Period III, with high PM_(10) concentrations, were primarily caused by the regional transportation of windblown dust from degraded grassland in central Inner Mongolia and bare soil in western Jilin Province. Local agricultural tilling could also release PM_(10) and enhance the levels of windblown dust from tilled soil. Better control of coal burning, fuel consumption, and crop residue burning in winter and autumn is urgently needed to address the haze problem in Northeast China.

The effect of secondary structures on the generation of characteristic events during the translocation of DNA hybrid through ?-hemolysin

Nanopore has been developed to be a powerful,single-molecule analytical tool for sensing ions,small organic molecules and biomacromolecules such as proteins and DNAs.Generally,the identity of the analyte can be revealed by current amplitude changes and mean dwell time of the analyte binding events.In some cases,generation of highly characteristic current events affords an alternative way of analyte determination with high confidence level.However,we found that secondary structures in DNA/RNA hybrids might severely hinder the generation of signature events during their translocation through?-hemolysin nanopore.In this report,we propose a strategy to add a certain concentration of urea in the buffer solution for single channel recordings and validate that low concentration of urea can effectively denature the secondary structures in DNA hybrids and recover the generation of signature events.This finding might be useful in other secondary structure-related nanopore sensing activities.