我国渔业水域突发污染事件分析

针对近年来我国渔业水域各种突发污染事件频繁发生的问题,本文基于水污染和突发事件应急管理等管理理论,通过问卷调查、理论分析、案例分析等方法对我国渔业水域突发事件进行分析探讨,研究的主要内容包括:渔业水域主要污染物、渔业水域突发污染事件的事发原因及事件特征。研究认为:(1)耗氧有机物、石油类污染物是渔业水域中主要的污染物,内陆渔业水域的污染事件是我国当前加强防污治污的重点;(2)企业违法或超标排放是渔业水域突发污染事件的主要诱因;(3)污水处理费用高、违规排污成本低,使得企业肆意违规排污;(4)渔业水域突发污染事件具有紧急性、危害性、复杂性和动态蔓延性4个特征。本文通过对我国渔业水域突发污染事件的发生原因和事件特征进行归纳总结,有利于相关部门对事件管理采取有针对性的措施,以提高应对突发渔业水域污染事故调查处理的能力,有利于《水污染防治法》的落实,对于构建和谐渔区,维护渔业生态资源可持续利用,具有重大意义。

Statistical analysis of causes and countermeasures to the accidents in coal mines

Statistics and analysis was made in causes, places and proportions about all kinds of disasters and accidents in coal mines of China in resent 50 years. The analysis indicates the emphasis reason that result in the accidents in coal mines are artificial cause explosion of mash gas and coal dust, water flood, fire hazard. The accidents mostly happened on stope which is more often than other places, following by the driving work face. This not only supplies the managers with basic reference about safe administration, but also suggests the countermeasures in reducing accidents： improve the disposition of person, perfect all kinds of rules and regulations, severely investigate, analyze and deal with the accidents.