和而不同——国务院参事室研究中心设计

国务院参事室研究中心工程,地处东交民巷这一历史信息密集街区。笔者移植“和而不同”这一传统理念应用于历史街区局部更新,从建筑形式、整体比例、细部尺度、材料选择几个方面努力,基本达到了预期的设计目标:融合与共生。

招远市农村设立“说事室”

“这事都是俺引起的，是俺的不对，没有提前和你打招呼俺就把菜苗栽上了。”“这事也不能全怪你呀，我性子急，口气重，也有我的不对。”在村委主任蒋金恒的调解下，两个村民刚才还因房前用地之事争得不可开交，不到1小时的工夫，就握手言和了。这是2007年6月10日上午7点20分，发生在山东招远市大蒋家村说事室里的一幕。

从考古发现看楚国的商业管理机构与职官

从考古发现看楚国的商业管理机构与职官刘玉堂楚国的商业管理机构与职官，典籍所载不多。笔者的探研，只能以出土和传世的楚国文物上的文字资料为主要依据，兼及有关文献材料。虽然未能全面反映楚国商业管理的面貌，却可获得一些信息，从而使我们对楚国的商业管理的概况有...

Status quo and prospect of the development for underground coal mine refuge chamber

As one form of the energy resources, coal is becoming more and more important. Due to the particularity in coal mine production, mine accidents some time occur in countries all over the world, which result in large casualties and economic losses. As equipment that can provides the miners with an emergency shelter when the coal mine accidents occur, the under ground coal mine refuge chamber is paid more and more attention by coal mine enterprises, and the application of the refuge chamber is increasingly widespread. The general functions, the classification, and the successful applications of the underground coal mine refuge chamber are illustrated first, and the research significance on the tmderground coal mine refuge chamber is stated. Following, the development status quo at home and abroad for the refuge chamber is introduced. Then, the implementation methods for the key functions of the underground coal mine refuge chamber are demonstrated. Finally, the prospect for the development of the underground coal mine refuge chamber is stated.

Thinking in three's: Changing surgical patient safety practices in the complex modern operating room

The three surgical patient safety events, wrong site surgery, retained surgical items (RSI) and surgical fires are rare occurrences and thus their effects on the complex modern operating room (OR) are difficult to study. The likelihood of occurrence and the magnitude of risk for each of these surgical safety events are undefined. Many providers may never have a personal experience with one of these events and training and education on these topics are sparse. These circumstances lead to faulty thinking that a provider won't ever have an event or if one does occur the provider will intuitively know what to do. Surgeons are not preoccupied with failure and tend to usually consider good outcomes, which leads them to ignore or diminish the importance of implementing and following simple safety practices. These circumstances contribute to the persistent low level occurrence of these three events and to the difficulty in generating sufficient interest to resource solutions. Individual facilities rarely have the time or talent to understand these events and develop lasting solutions. More often than not, even the most well meaning internal review results in a new line to a policy and some rigorous enforcement mandate. This approach routinely fails and is another reason why these problems are so persistent. Vigilance actions alone havebeen unsuccessful so hospitals now have to take a systematic approach to implementing safer processes and providing the resources for surgeons and other stake-holders to optimize the OR environment. This article discusses standardized processes of care for mitigation of injury or outright prevention of wrong site surgery, RSI and surgical fires in an action-oriented framework illustrating the strategic elements important in each event and focusing on the responsibilities for each of the three major OR agents-anesthesiologists, surgeons and nurses. A Surgical Patient Safety Checklist is discussed that incorporates the necessary elements to bring these team members together and influence the emergence of a safer OR.

Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation with fragmented QRS complex and J wave in resting electrocardiogram

Objective To describe the clinical characteristics of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation （IVF） with fragmented QRS complex （f-QRS） and J wave in resting electrocardiogram. Methods We reviewed data from 21 case subjects in our hospital who were resuscitated after cardiac arrest due to IVF and assessed the prevalence of f-QRS and J wave in resting electrocardiogram （ECG）. All the case subjects were classified among three groups based on the electrocardiographic morphology： group I, both f-QRS and J wave were observed （n = 6）, group II, only J wave was observed （n = 9）, group III, neither f-QRS nor J wave was observed （n = 6）. Population characteristics, history of syncope or sudden cardiac arrest, incidence of ventricular fibrillation （VF）, and circumstance of VF were evaluated among the three groups. Results The incidence of index events （syncope, survived cardiac arrest and VF episodes recorded in implantable cardioverter defibrillator （ICD） or pacemakers） was 13.4 ~ 5.6 per-year in group I, 10.8 ~ 3.9 per-year in group II, and 9.8 -4- 4.2 per-year in group HI. There were significant differences in incidences among the three groups, the most frequent index events were observed in group I. The hazard ratio for incidence was 3.2 （95%CI, 1.1-7.9; P = 0.01）. The history and circumstance of the index events were different among the groups. In group I, all the index events occurred during sleep in early morning. In group II, four subjects suffered VF during strenuous physical activities or agitation state, two during sleep in early morning, three in usual activity. In group III, one subject suffered VF during sleep in early morning, one in agitation state, four in usual activity. Conclusions This study suggests that the IVF patients with the combined appearance of f-QRS and J wave in the resting ECG suffer an increased risk of VF, this subgroup of IVF patients has a unique clinical feature.

New Concept Design for an Event Cruise Ship

This paper presents a new concept for the cruise ship, which has been developed from a thesis work discussed at the master＇s degree in Yacht and Cruise Vessel Design, at La Spezia, Italy. A typical cruise ship docked at port does not interact with the city, but remains a guest in transit. Why not then take on the challenge of designing a functional entity that transports events, culture and entertainment？ The ship would then become an extension of the city, offering a different experience each time to suit the tastes of all the family. Ira ship can be ＂inhabited＂, a city can be ＂inhabited on the water＂. The ship does not have a particularly residential facade but it has a multifunctional body.

李光庭《造室十事》

本文用史源学方法,从考证《乡言解颐》一书及其作者李光庭的生平事迹入手,详尽考述书中所记《造室十事》的内容和创献,认定《造室十事》具有重要的史学价值和研究价值,不仅是研究建筑技术史和民居建筑做法、建筑材料、建筑施工的极好材料,又是研究建筑史和建筑社会学的难得材料。为了提倡原典阅读,及提供方家读者研究查阅的方便,本文末附有《造室十事》的原文。

How to Make a Story Beautiful： On Aesthetic Dialectics of Liao zhai zhi yi

How to write a beautiful story？ It is an important question to Chinese writers because novel has not been regarded as a formal genre until late Qing Dynasty. Pu Songling answers this question with his work Liao zhai zhi yi （Strange tales from a Chinese studio）. This paper aims to study his narrative arts. There are four sections included. In part 1, this paper introduces a definition of the aesthetic dialectics and its embodiment in Chinese classical literary theory; in part 2, this paper takes the Liao zhai story as example to interpret Pu Songling＇s dialectic relation between description and narration; in part 3, I will show how Liao zhai presents beauty by unexpected but reasonable changes; and in last part, I give more importance to the stories concerning ordinary things for the reason that Pu Songling could make them interesting and beautiful. In the end, the paper concludes that Pu Songling is successful storyteller by using dialectic arts, which should be learned by Chinese writers.

Modeling of Operators' Workload in a Nuclear Power Plant

Accidents in a nuclear power plant are coped with by operators in the main control room (MCR). An analysis of the workload of operators in a MCR after the happening of initiating events is helpful to the alleviation of human errors and to the promotion of training efficiency. This paper establishes a framework of how man is located in a man-machine interface of a nuclear power plant (NPP) as well as a simulation of the man-machine scenario in accidents in NPPs, including the simulation of the operators' task and cognitive work and the establishment of task analysis. On the basis of the above, a model of the dynamic changes of the operators' tasks is constructed and a computation of operators' workload is conducted.

Severe accident risks from external events

This paper reviews the early development of design requirements for seismic events in USA early developing nuclear electric generating fleet. Notable safety studies,including WASH-1400,Sandia Siting Study and the NUREG1150 probabilistic risk study,are briefly reviewed in terms of their relevance to extreme accidents arising from seismic and other severe accident initiators. Specific characteristic about the nature of severe accidents in nuclear power plant (NPP) are reviewed along with present day state-of-art analysis methodologies (methods for estimation of leakages and consequences of releases (MELCOR) and MELCOR accident consequence code system (MACCS)) that are used to evaluate severe accidents and to optimize mitigative and protective actions against such accidents. It is the aim of this paper to make nuclear operating nations aware of the risks that accompany a much needed energy resource and to identify some of the tools,techniques and landmark safety studies that serve to make the technology safer and to maintain vigilance and adequate safety culture for the responsible management of this valuable but unforgiving technology.

Anatomy of a eustatic event during the Turonian (Late Cretaceous) hot greenhouse climate

Sequence stratigraphic studies consider relative change in sea level(as regulated by eustasy,local tectonics and sediment supply)as the main builder of the stratigraphic record.Eustasy has generally been considered as a consequence of the growth and decay of continental ice sheets that would explain large,rapid changes in sea level,even during periods of relative global climatic warmth.However,such a mechanism has become increasingly difficult to envision during times of extreme global warmth such as the Turonian,when the equator-to-pole temperature gradient was very low and the presence of polar ice seems improbable.This paper investigates the timing and extent of sea level falls during the late Cenomanian through Turonian,especially the largest of those events,sequence boundary KTu4,which occurred during the middle to late Turonian peak of the Cretaceous hot greenhouse climate.We conclude that the amplitude of the widespread third-order sea level fall in the middle Turonian that is centered at^91.8 Ma varies at different locations depending on the influence of dynamic topography on local tectonics and regional climatic conditions.Ice volume variations seem unlikely as a mechanism for controlling sea level at this time.However,this causal factor cannot be ruled out completely since Antarctic highlands(if they existed in the Late Cretaceous)could sequester enough water as ice to cause eustatic falls.To ascertain this requires detailed tomographic imaging of Antarctica,followed by geodynamic modeling,to determine whether high plateaus could have existed to accumulate ephemeral ice sheets.Other mechanisms for sea level change,such as transference between ground water(a small amplitude shorter time scale effect)and the ocean and entrainment and release of water from the mantle to the oceanic reservoir(a potentially large amplitude and longer time scale process),are intriguing and need to be explored further to prove their efficacy at third-order time scales.