Advanced driver-assistance systems such as Honda’s collision mitigation brake system(CMBS)can help achieve traffic safety.In this paper,the naturalistic driving study and a series of simulations are combined to bette...Advanced driver-assistance systems such as Honda’s collision mitigation brake system(CMBS)can help achieve traffic safety.In this paper,the naturalistic driving study and a series of simulations are combined to better evaluate the performance of the CMBS in the Chinese traffic environment.First,because safety-critical situations can be diverse especially in the Chinese environment,the Chinese traffic-accident characteristics are analyzed according to accident statistics over the past 17 years.Next,10 Chinese traffic-accident scenarios accounting for more than 80%of traffic accidents are selected.For each typical scenario,353 representative cases are collected from the traffic-management department of Beijing.These real-world accident cases are then reconstructed by the traffic-accident-reconstruction software PC-Crash on the basis of accident-scene diagrams.This study also proposes a systematic analytical process for estimating the effectiveness of the technology using the co-simulation platform of PC-Crash and rateEFFECT,in which 176 simulations are analyzed in detail to assess the accident-avoidance performance of the CMBS.The overall collision-avoidance effectiveness reaches 82.4%,showing that the proposed approach is efficient for avoiding collisions,thereby enhancing traffic safety and improving traffic management.展开更多
A new method of catastrophe control is described in one dimension nonlinear system. Catastrophe control based on catastrophe theory is a brand new area for control theory. A certain catastrophe is created at a desired...A new method of catastrophe control is described in one dimension nonlinear system. Catastrophe control based on catastrophe theory is a brand new area for control theory. A certain catastrophe is created at a desired location by appropriate control, which has preferred properties. Washout filter is presented and applied to preserve the original equilibrium of a system. Washout filter aided dynamic feedback controller is developed for the creation of catastrophe, and an example is given to illustrate the process. Catastrophe control may provide a new way of designing warning signals of impending collapse or catastrophe for monitoring and control purposes.展开更多
The research paper in hand presents a thorough exploration of the fishing vessel accidents and near misses in the UK fishing industry as well as the underlying human element factors and sub-factors contributing to the...The research paper in hand presents a thorough exploration of the fishing vessel accidents and near misses in the UK fishing industry as well as the underlying human element factors and sub-factors contributing to them. In this respect, the regulatory regime in the fishing industry both at a national and international level is initially examined while also complemented by the investigation of past research efforts to address these issues. Furthermore, the analysis of the fishing vessels accidents and near misses as recorded in the UK MAIB （Marine Accident Investigation Branch） database for a period of 19 years is performed in order to derive the very causal factors leading to the fishing vessel accidents. It is initially shown that the fatalities and injuries taking place due to fishing vessels＇ accidents have alarmingly remained unchanged over the last 15-20 years. Another key finding is that the number of accidents and near misses per day and night shifis is quite similar while most accidents take place in coastal waters. Furthermore, human factors are related to the vast majority of fishing vessels accidents with the principal ones referring to ＂non-compliance＇, ＂equipment misuse or poorly designed＂, ＂training＂ and ＂competence＂. Finally, remedial measures are also suggested in order to address the main accident causes identified.展开更多
The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain is considered as representative novel with initiation theme in American literary circle. It has taken the fancy of the readers throughout the whole world since i...The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain is considered as representative novel with initiation theme in American literary circle. It has taken the fancy of the readers throughout the whole world since it was frequently printed and widely translated. In the story, Mark created an image of a boy named Huck who had an unexpected adventure by sailing a raft down the Mississippi River with his friend, Jim. After experiencing the adventure, Huck finally became mature. The present paper gives a brief introduction of the story. Then, the paper mainly explores how Huck established his identity from the following aspects： his disapproval to slavery and his consciousness of moral development and obligation.展开更多
Recently, there has been a radial shift from traditional online social networks to content-generated social networks(CGSNs). Contemporary CGSNs, such as Dianping and Trip Advisor, are often the targets of click farmin...Recently, there has been a radial shift from traditional online social networks to content-generated social networks(CGSNs). Contemporary CGSNs, such as Dianping and Trip Advisor, are often the targets of click farming in which fake reviews are posted in order to boost or diminish the ratings of listed products and services simply through clicking. Click farming often emanates from a collection of multiple fake or compromised accounts, which we call click farmers. In this paper, we conduct a three-phase methodology to detect click farming. We begin by clustering communities based on newly-defined collusion networks. We then apply the Louvain community detection method to detecting communities. We finally perform a binary classification on detected-communities. Our results of over a year-long study show that(1) the prevalence of click farming is different across CGSNs;(2) most click farmers are lowly-rated;(3) click-farming communities have relatively tight relations between users;(4) more highly-ranked stores have a greater portion of fake reviews.展开更多
Setting reliable speed limits on roads has always been a challenging process of designers and road agencies. In this paper the results of a methodology for setting speed limits on rural roads of all categories in Gree...Setting reliable speed limits on roads has always been a challenging process of designers and road agencies. In this paper the results of a methodology for setting speed limits on rural roads of all categories in Greece is presented based on international research and an extensive drivers attitudes＇ survey. The 85th percentile speed has proven in this case to be the decisive criterion for establishing reliable speed limits or advisory speeds in most cases. The resulted 10 km/la increase in legal speed limits on freeways and express rural highways did not validate any fears that accident rates or frequencies would increase. On the contrary an 8% decrease of crashes was observed in a period of about three years after the implementation of the increased speed limits level on the rural highway network of the country.展开更多
Accidents in a nuclear power plant are coped with by operators in the main control room (MCR). An analysis of the workload of operators in a MCR after the happening of initiating events is helpful to the alleviation o...Accidents in a nuclear power plant are coped with by operators in the main control room (MCR). An analysis of the workload of operators in a MCR after the happening of initiating events is helpful to the alleviation of human errors and to the promotion of training efficiency. This paper establishes a framework of how man is located in a man-machine interface of a nuclear power plant (NPP) as well as a simulation of the man-machine scenario in accidents in NPPs, including the simulation of the operators' task and cognitive work and the establishment of task analysis. On the basis of the above, a model of the dynamic changes of the operators' tasks is constructed and a computation of operators' workload is conducted.展开更多
Arguably, Africa comparatively remains a huge account for narratives within the context of repository of misery and violence in the 21 st-century, an attempt to political development has posed an irresistible challeng...Arguably, Africa comparatively remains a huge account for narratives within the context of repository of misery and violence in the 21 st-century, an attempt to political development has posed an irresistible challenge and a disturbing necessity for Mia Couto in Voices Made Night （1990） and Bessie Head in Tales of Tenderness and Power （1989）. The position of Couto as a white Mozambican writer and Head as an exiled coloured South African writer, living in her adopted country of Botswana, provides them with privileged neutrality from which to view the effect of the admixture of grinding poverty and violence as they ravage the landscapes of these countries. While Couto does not fail to incorporate the significance of power struggle between FRELIMO （Front for the Liberation of Mozambique） and RENAMO （Mozambique National Resistance） in the ~＇oices Made Night, Head＇s articulation of the complex manipulation of power becomes a resource for constructing a discourse of nationalism in Tales of Tenderness and Power. The paper intends to focus on the correlation between power and economic development in these anthologies. The paper will further examine how political power impacts on the socio-economic well being of the local folks in the Couto＇s Mozambique and Head＇s South Africa.展开更多
基金Project(51625503) supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars,ChinaProject(61790561) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(20163000124) supported by Tsinghua-Honda Joint Research,ChinaProject(TTS2017-02) supported by the Open Fund for Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Traffic and Transportation Security,China
文摘Advanced driver-assistance systems such as Honda’s collision mitigation brake system(CMBS)can help achieve traffic safety.In this paper,the naturalistic driving study and a series of simulations are combined to better evaluate the performance of the CMBS in the Chinese traffic environment.First,because safety-critical situations can be diverse especially in the Chinese environment,the Chinese traffic-accident characteristics are analyzed according to accident statistics over the past 17 years.Next,10 Chinese traffic-accident scenarios accounting for more than 80%of traffic accidents are selected.For each typical scenario,353 representative cases are collected from the traffic-management department of Beijing.These real-world accident cases are then reconstructed by the traffic-accident-reconstruction software PC-Crash on the basis of accident-scene diagrams.This study also proposes a systematic analytical process for estimating the effectiveness of the technology using the co-simulation platform of PC-Crash and rateEFFECT,in which 176 simulations are analyzed in detail to assess the accident-avoidance performance of the CMBS.The overall collision-avoidance effectiveness reaches 82.4%,showing that the proposed approach is efficient for avoiding collisions,thereby enhancing traffic safety and improving traffic management.
文摘A new method of catastrophe control is described in one dimension nonlinear system. Catastrophe control based on catastrophe theory is a brand new area for control theory. A certain catastrophe is created at a desired location by appropriate control, which has preferred properties. Washout filter is presented and applied to preserve the original equilibrium of a system. Washout filter aided dynamic feedback controller is developed for the creation of catastrophe, and an example is given to illustrate the process. Catastrophe control may provide a new way of designing warning signals of impending collapse or catastrophe for monitoring and control purposes.
文摘The research paper in hand presents a thorough exploration of the fishing vessel accidents and near misses in the UK fishing industry as well as the underlying human element factors and sub-factors contributing to them. In this respect, the regulatory regime in the fishing industry both at a national and international level is initially examined while also complemented by the investigation of past research efforts to address these issues. Furthermore, the analysis of the fishing vessels accidents and near misses as recorded in the UK MAIB （Marine Accident Investigation Branch） database for a period of 19 years is performed in order to derive the very causal factors leading to the fishing vessel accidents. It is initially shown that the fatalities and injuries taking place due to fishing vessels＇ accidents have alarmingly remained unchanged over the last 15-20 years. Another key finding is that the number of accidents and near misses per day and night shifis is quite similar while most accidents take place in coastal waters. Furthermore, human factors are related to the vast majority of fishing vessels accidents with the principal ones referring to ＂non-compliance＇, ＂equipment misuse or poorly designed＂, ＂training＂ and ＂competence＂. Finally, remedial measures are also suggested in order to address the main accident causes identified.
文摘The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain is considered as representative novel with initiation theme in American literary circle. It has taken the fancy of the readers throughout the whole world since it was frequently printed and widely translated. In the story, Mark created an image of a boy named Huck who had an unexpected adventure by sailing a raft down the Mississippi River with his friend, Jim. After experiencing the adventure, Huck finally became mature. The present paper gives a brief introduction of the story. Then, the paper mainly explores how Huck established his identity from the following aspects： his disapproval to slavery and his consciousness of moral development and obligation.
基金supported in part by the National Science Foundation of China,under Grants 71671114,61672350,and U1405251
文摘Recently, there has been a radial shift from traditional online social networks to content-generated social networks(CGSNs). Contemporary CGSNs, such as Dianping and Trip Advisor, are often the targets of click farming in which fake reviews are posted in order to boost or diminish the ratings of listed products and services simply through clicking. Click farming often emanates from a collection of multiple fake or compromised accounts, which we call click farmers. In this paper, we conduct a three-phase methodology to detect click farming. We begin by clustering communities based on newly-defined collusion networks. We then apply the Louvain community detection method to detecting communities. We finally perform a binary classification on detected-communities. Our results of over a year-long study show that(1) the prevalence of click farming is different across CGSNs;(2) most click farmers are lowly-rated;(3) click-farming communities have relatively tight relations between users;(4) more highly-ranked stores have a greater portion of fake reviews.
文摘Setting reliable speed limits on roads has always been a challenging process of designers and road agencies. In this paper the results of a methodology for setting speed limits on rural roads of all categories in Greece is presented based on international research and an extensive drivers attitudes＇ survey. The 85th percentile speed has proven in this case to be the decisive criterion for establishing reliable speed limits or advisory speeds in most cases. The resulted 10 km/la increase in legal speed limits on freeways and express rural highways did not validate any fears that accident rates or frequencies would increase. On the contrary an 8% decrease of crashes was observed in a period of about three years after the implementation of the increased speed limits level on the rural highway network of the country.
文摘Accidents in a nuclear power plant are coped with by operators in the main control room (MCR). An analysis of the workload of operators in a MCR after the happening of initiating events is helpful to the alleviation of human errors and to the promotion of training efficiency. This paper establishes a framework of how man is located in a man-machine interface of a nuclear power plant (NPP) as well as a simulation of the man-machine scenario in accidents in NPPs, including the simulation of the operators' task and cognitive work and the establishment of task analysis. On the basis of the above, a model of the dynamic changes of the operators' tasks is constructed and a computation of operators' workload is conducted.
文摘Arguably, Africa comparatively remains a huge account for narratives within the context of repository of misery and violence in the 21 st-century, an attempt to political development has posed an irresistible challenge and a disturbing necessity for Mia Couto in Voices Made Night （1990） and Bessie Head in Tales of Tenderness and Power （1989）. The position of Couto as a white Mozambican writer and Head as an exiled coloured South African writer, living in her adopted country of Botswana, provides them with privileged neutrality from which to view the effect of the admixture of grinding poverty and violence as they ravage the landscapes of these countries. While Couto does not fail to incorporate the significance of power struggle between FRELIMO （Front for the Liberation of Mozambique） and RENAMO （Mozambique National Resistance） in the ~＇oices Made Night, Head＇s articulation of the complex manipulation of power becomes a resource for constructing a discourse of nationalism in Tales of Tenderness and Power. The paper intends to focus on the correlation between power and economic development in these anthologies. The paper will further examine how political power impacts on the socio-economic well being of the local folks in the Couto＇s Mozambique and Head＇s South Africa.
