源事介词短语及其构句机制

源事题元角色具有[+事件起点]和[+参与角色]两个语义特征,同时又具有[+独立使用]的句法特征,可分为"数量""事态"和"性状"等三个变体;标记它的介词一般有"从、由、自"等三个。源事介词短语蕴涵句的谓核成分都具有[+变化]的语义特征,它与源事题元及其介词标记相互抉择、相互匹配,从而可以生成各种源事介词短语蕴涵句。

摄影文学·纪实文学·摄影纪实文学

Literature of actual events is closely connected with photography.The functions of picture in literature of actual events are as follows:to provide events source for the narrative text;to find foundation for representation;to set up receptive field for the audience.The value of pictures is displayed by seizing the perpetual fleeting moment,reinforcing aesthetic sensory effects,connecting leaping pictures or different points into a chain.

Optimal dispatching method of traffic incident rescue resource for freeway network

An optimal resource dispatching method is proposed to solve the multiple-response problem under the conditions of potential incidents on freeway networks.Travel time of the response vehicle is selected instead of route distance as the weight to reflect the impact of traffic conditions on the decisions of rescue resources.According to the characteristics of different types of rescue vehicles the dispatching decision-making time is revised to show the heterogeneity among different rescue vehicle dispatching modes. The genetic algorithm is used to obtain the solutions to the rescue resources dispatching model. A case study shows that the proposed method can accurately reveal the impact of potential incidents on the costs of rescues according to the variations in the types and quantities of rescue resources and the optimal dispatching plan with respect to potential incidents can be obtained.The proposed method is applicable in real world scenarios.

Internal biliary fistula due to cholelithiasis:A single-centre experience

AIM： To discuss about the perioperative problems encountered in patients with internal biliary fistula （IBF） caused by cholelithiasis.METHODS： In our hospital, 4 130 cholecystectomies were carried out for symptomatic cholelithiasis from January 2000 to March 2004 and only 12 patients were diagnosed with IBF. The perioperative data of these 12 IBF patients were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS： The incidence of IBF due to cholelithiasis was nearly 0.3%. The mean age was 57 years. Most of the patients presented with non-specific complaints. Only two patients were considered to have IBF when gallstone ileus was observed during the investigations. Nine patients underwent emergency laparotomy with a pre-operative diagnosis of acute abdomen. In the remaining three patients, elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy was converted to open surgery after identification of IBF. Ten patients had cholecystoduodenal fistula and two patients had cholecystocholedochal fistula. The mean hospital stay was 23 d. Two wound infections, three bile leakages and three mortalities were observed.CONCLUSION： Cholecystectomy has to be performed in early stage in the patients who were diagnosed as cholelithiasis to prevent the complications like IBF which is seen rarely. Suspicion of IBF should be kept in mind, especially in the case of difficult dissection during cholecystectomy and attention should be paid in order to prevent iatrogenic injuries.

Urban Big Data and the Development of City Intelligence

This study provides a definition for urban big data while exploring its features and applications of Chi- na＇s city intelligence. The differences between city intelligence in China and the ＂smart city＂ concept in other countries are compared to highlight and contrast the unique definition and model for China＇s city intelligence in this paper. Furthermore, this paper examines the role of urban big data in city intel- ligence by showing that it not only serves as the cornerstone of this trend as it also plays a core role in the diffusion of city intelligence technology and serves as an inexhaustible resource for the sustained development of city intelligence. This study also points out the challenges of shaping and developing of China＇s urban big data. Considering the supporting and core role that urban big data plays in city intel- ligence, the study then expounds on the key points of urban big data, including infrastructure support, urban governance, public services, and economic and industrial development. Finally, this study points out that the utility of city intelligence as an ideal policy tool for advancing the goals of China＇s urban de- velopment. In conclusion, it is imperative that China make full use of its unique advantages-including using the nation＇s current state of development and resources, geographical advantages, and good hu- man relations-in subjective and objective conditions to promote the development of city intelligence through the proper application of urban big data.

Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Judges’Footing Shifts in Criminal Courtroom

The paper,based on the concept of FOOTING,makes a multimodal discourse analysis of the relationship between the judge’s discourse and his footing shifts in a criminal courtroom.The results show that in the interaction,multimodal resources in judges’discourse include conversational features(prolonging keywords,interrupting,repeating,taking turns,etc.),acoustic ones(ascending F0 for pitches and d B for intensity,transition tracks between consonants and formants of vowels,duration of some keywords in important sentences,etc.),and visual ones(facing other parties,facing the materials,etc.).The multimodal resources activate different judges’footings,including ANIMATOR,ANIMATOR+AUTHOR and ANIMATOR+AUTHOR+PRINCIPAL,and identify the judge’s footing shifts in the courtroom.The results also demonstrate that the judge’s footing shifts perform the functions of trial organizing,information confirming,fact investigating,spokesperson of the collegial panel,law educating and so on in criminal trials.

Study on the Genesis of the Yongsheng Earthquake with M_S6.0 on October 27, 2001

On October 27, 2001, a large earthquake with M S6.0, named the Yongsheng earthquake, occurred along the Jinshajiang segment of Chenghai fault in Yongsheng County, Yunnan Province. It is the largest event to occur along the Chenghai fault in the last 200 years. The seismo-geological survey shows that the seismogenic fault, which is the Jinshajiang segment of Chenghai fault, takes left-lateral strike-slip as its dominant movement pattern. According to differences in vertical motion, motion time, landforms and scales, the Chenhai fault can be divided into eight segments. The Jinshajiang segment has a vertical dislocation rate of 0.4 mm/a, far lower than the mean rate of the Chenghai fault, about 2.0 mm/a. It’s deduced that the two sides of Jinshajiang segment “stuck" tightly and hindered the strike-slip of the Chenghai fault. The strong earthquake distribution before this event shows that the Jinshajiang segment was in the seismic gap. The Chenghai fault, as a boundary of tectonic sub-blocks, makes the Northwest Yunnan block and the Middle Yunnan block move clockwise, and their margins move oppositely along the Chenghai fault. In the motion process of the Chenghai fault, structural hindrance and the seismic gap of strong earthquakes are propitious to the concentration and accumulation of structure stress. As a result, the Yongsheng M S6.0 earthquake occurred. The Sujiazhuang-Shangangfu segment is similar to the Jinshajiang segment with a low vertical motion rate of 0.3 mm/a and in the seismic gap. So it’s postulated that the segment may become a new structure hindrance, and the Yongsheng M S6.0 earthquake may trigger the occurrence of future large earthquakes along this segment.

Myth and Origins： Men Want to Know

Starting with a personal definition of ＂myth＂, this paper seeks to substantiate the claim that every myth is essentially etiological, in the sense that myths somehow express a cosmogony or an eschatology, whether particular or universal. In order to do that, this study reassesses Classical and Judeo-Christian mythologies to revisit and contrast the narratives of origin--of the cosmos, of the gods and of men--found in ancient polytheism and in Judeo-Christian monotheism. Taking into consideration how these general and particular cosmogonies convey a specific understanding of the passage of time, this article does not merely recount the cosmogonies, theogonies, and anthropogonies found in the Bible and in the works of authors from Classical Antiquity, but it also incorporates a critical commentary on pieces of art and literature that have reinterpreted such mythical tales in more recent times The result of the research is the disclosure of a sort of universal etiology that may be found in mythology which, as argued, explains the origins of the world, of the gods, and of men so as to satisfy humankind＇s ambition to unveil the mysteries of the cosmos. Myth thus functions in these cases as a vehicle that makes it possible for man to return the fullness of a primordial age, abandoning the fleeting time that entraps him and entering a time still absolute

Taking the ＂Local＂ out of Local News： Implications for an Informed Public

The meaning of ＂local＂ in TV news is not as straightforward as one might imagine. ＂Local＂ newscasts in several U.S. markets are outsourced to an independent company located hundreds of miles from the communities served. What are the implications of such a delivery system for coverage of local issues and the Jeffersonian ideal of an informed citizenry？ This study employs a content analysis of outsourced and local newscasts, using a data set of more than 1,000 stories from more than 30 hours of newscasts to determine if differences exist on story topics and source types. Does one type of station cover more public affairs stories than the other？ Does one type use more official sources, or more perspective from private individuals？ Even with the wide array of news sources currently available, local TV news still ranks as the most widely used information source. How well that source delivers information to local audiences is an important question to ask, particularly when the information may be coming from a great distance.

Status quo and prospect of the development for underground coal mine refuge chamber

As one form of the energy resources, coal is becoming more and more important. Due to the particularity in coal mine production, mine accidents some time occur in countries all over the world, which result in large casualties and economic losses. As equipment that can provides the miners with an emergency shelter when the coal mine accidents occur, the under ground coal mine refuge chamber is paid more and more attention by coal mine enterprises, and the application of the refuge chamber is increasingly widespread. The general functions, the classification, and the successful applications of the underground coal mine refuge chamber are illustrated first, and the research significance on the tmderground coal mine refuge chamber is stated. Following, the development status quo at home and abroad for the refuge chamber is introduced. Then, the implementation methods for the key functions of the underground coal mine refuge chamber are demonstrated. Finally, the prospect for the development of the underground coal mine refuge chamber is stated.

The analysis of the development and utilization of personnel archive information resources

Navigated by the forces of the market economy mechanism, the development and utilization of human resources is key to guaranteeing the operation of public institutions .The personnel archive is a record of one＇s main experiences and performances, thus playing a vital role in the process of developing talents .This article mainly make an analysis of the main role and status of personnel archive information and the main means and contents of talents development.

Military Threats to Terrestrial Resources Not Restricted to Wartime： A Case Study from Guam

The onset of construction and personnel transfers to the islands of Guam and Tinian present a case study in which peacetime military operations threaten conservation of environmental resources. The planning process indicates land conversion, increased population, and invasive species arriving in the midst of increased imports are among the major impending threats, especially to terrestrial biological resources. We discuss historical events that have marginalized the contributions of local stakeholders, mistake-ridden planning processes revealing inadequate efforts to safeguard the environment, and compelling evidence that predicts a trajectory targeting imminent damage of terrestrial resources. We contend these developments present a case study within the ecological ethics discipline whereby peacetime military operations push conservation of the environment to the sidelines in the name of national defense. We conclude that conservation of environmental resources is not ancillary to national security, it is integral. Wartime military damage to natural resources is unavoidable, therefore, peacetime military operations should embrace conservation priorities to a greater degree.

Legal Conditions for Water Utilities Eco-innovation as Energy Smart Water Utilities

Welfare and green growth rest heavily on an appropriate supply of safe water, the provision of adequate sewerage, and on energy services. These services are interdependent, as water is an integral part of electric-power generation; it is used directly in hydroelectric generation, and it is used extensively for cooling and emissions scrubbing in thermoelectric generation. Energy is also an integrated part of water services, as satisfying water needs for supply, purification, distribution, and treatment of wastewater requires energy sources. Water and energy utilities are however regulated without a specific focus on the interdependency of the two sectors and the possibilities to ensure sustainable use of the resources and reduction of greenhouse gasses by a better coordination. The article explains the possibilities of sustainable consumption and production of energy in the water utilities. It highlights EU legal framework that makes coordination at national level possible, and it gives examples and concludes--on the obstacles for the water utilities＇ future as energy-smart utilities that exist at the national level in Denmark.

Evaluation of the Strategic Tolerance Human Resource Management Based on Matter-Element Analysis Method

The main features and connotation of the tolerance human resource management based on strategy are analyzed and summarized. The theory and method of systematic engineering is used to build the evaluation index systems for the tolerance human resource management. On the basis of it, by using the theory of matter-element analysis, the matter-element models are formulated for the evaluation of the tolerance human resource management. Regarding annual tolerance human resource management as the object of matter-dement, the tolerance human resource ：management for two years are analyzed and evaluated through using the matter. element models proposed. A ease study is carried out and the satisfactory results are obtained. A new scientific methed is provided for the evaluation of human resource management based on strategy.

Fully Burdened Cost of Energy in Military Operations

This paper presents an analytical framework for evaluating the FBCE （fully burdened cost of energy） in military operations. The FBCE methodology considers all operational factors in the energy supply chain, including transportation, infrastructure, manpower, maintenance, security protection, and storage of energy. The FBCE concept allows a proper evaluation of the energy costs when assessing different alternatives in military operations and acquisitions. It could also be used to inform decisions on the size and focus of investment in science and technology programs related to the development of efficient military capabilities, alternative fuel sources, and renewable energy solutions. This paper uses cost estimation techniques to formulate the FBCE and focuses on fuel-based military systems and operations. Two case studies using Canadian Forces domestic and deployed operational bases are presented and discussed to demonstrate the methodology.

HR and firm performance at companies in Turkey： Correlative analysis

Aim of this study is to discuss matters with HR and finn performance. Therefore, we used HR and firm performance questionnaire from Delaney and Huselid （1996）. HR variables include recruitment, training, compensation and promotion. Firm performance divided into organizational and market performance. Therefore, correlation analysis demonstrates that HR has positive and significant relationship with organizational performance, and HR has positive but weak relationship with market performance. Therefore, we can propose that HR is partly correlated with firm performance for those companies in sample. Therefore, since we didn＇t realize demography of companies in study, it is arguable, findings of this study can be generalized to other companies in Turkey.

Collaboration mechanism of intercity emergency rescue ecosystem

With the development of metropolitan regions and the appearance of urban agglomerations, cities have been more closely related. For the restricted emergency rescue resource in a single city, it has become more and more imminent for the demand of the intercity collaborative resistance to major accident, so as to improve the protection capacity of urban security. In order to find an effective intercity, emergency rescue collaborative system, this paper introduces the concept and analysis method of ecosystem theory into intercity emergency, rescue. Based on the analysis of the formation-process of emergency rescue individual, population and community： a throe-level intercity emergency rescue collaborative system is constructed according to the characteristics of dynamics and structure of intercity emergency rescue ecosystem then the collaboration mechanism of information, resource and process in the interceity emergency rescue ecosystem is also studied in this paper; so as to offer available strategy and method for the ecosystem theory applied to intercity, emergency rescue. Through the studies of intereity emergency rescue ecosystem. it illuminates that the proposed emergency system can not Only cope with the major accident more timely and effectively but also integrate the intercity information resources and emergency rescue resource and process optimization.

Fukushima accident study using MELCOR

The accidents at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station stunned the world as the sequences played out over severals days and videos of hydrogen explosions were televised as they took place. The accidents all resulted in severe damage to the reactor cores and releases of radioactivity to the environment despite heroic measures had taken by the operating personnel. The following paper provides some background into the development of these accidents and their root causes,chief among them,the prolonged station blackout conditions that isolated the reactors from their ultimate heat sink - the ocean. The interpretations given in this paper are summarized from a recently completed report funded by the United States Department of Energy (USDOE).

Typhoon-dominated Influence on Wood Debris Distribution and Transportation in a High Gradient Headwater Catchment

Wood debris is an important component of mountain streams. It causes serious damage and renders difficulty of water resource management in Taiwan. In this study, the quantity of wood debris and variation of migratory wood debris during flood events were examined. The downstream of Gaoshan Creek and Qijiawan Creek, located at Central Taiwan, was selected as the study area. The distribution and dynamic of wood debris in a high gradient headwater catchment were quantified using field surveys. A formula of critical depth for wood debris entrainment was used to evaluate the wood debris migration during three flooding events. In the study area, wood abundance and unit volume increased downstream, and wood density decreased downstream within a channel network. The channel morphology, riparian vegetation, and wood debris characteristics were found to influence the wood storage. As a result, the wood debris has an irregular accumulative distribution in the steep stream, and it migrates easily in the stream because of a high flow discharge. Strong relationships between the channel width and wood debris variables are discovered. Moreover, wood debris has a tendency to accumulate at sites with low stream power and wood debris dams, topographical notches, and unique geological structures. Our findings assist in the understanding of the effects of channel characteristics on distributions of wood debris in steep stream systems.

An Analysis of the Factors Impacting Employee’s Specific Investment

The amount of specific investment from employees is limited,and the reasons of the under-investment from employees are analyzed in this paper.Based on the relationship of the specific investment and the employee demission,an empirical study has been conducted focusing on the factors influencing the employee turnover and the specific investment.A theoretical model of the factors influencing employee's specific investment is given.