基于事物特性的可重用产品模型

企业要想在激烈的市场竞争中取胜，就必须充分利用现有的产品资源，来实现对市场需求和客户订单的快速响应．为了克服传统ＣＡＤ的不足，研究了在关系型ＣＡＤ平台支持下，基于事物特性的可重用产品模型的建模技术．以液压缸建模为实例，给出了在自顶向下的产品设计过程中，可重用产品模型中数据及其关系的形式化表达．通过在企业中的成功实践表明，该模型能够有效地表达设计关系，是产品快速、准确地进行变型的基础．

时变边界刚体的平动与转动耦合特性

通过一典型的时变边界刚体实例 ,用数值方法研究时变边界刚体的平动与转动的耦合特性。

Analysis of the Flanking Sequence and EventSpecific Detection of Transgenic Line W-4 of Brassica napus

The genetically modified high-oleic rapeseed （Brassica napus L.） line W-4 was obtained by transforming a binary vector which harbored an inverted repeat expression cassette of fad2 gene into the rapeseed cultivar Westar.The transformation was mediated by Agrobacterium.The flanking sequences to both the left and right borders of T-DNA insertion site were amplified by thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR （TAIL-PCR） from the genomic DNA of the transgenic rapeseed line W-4.The flanking sequences to the right border was 290 bp in length and the nucleotide composition was 31.27％ for G＋C content while 68.73％ for A＋T content.The flanking sequence to the left border was 365 bp in length and the G＋C content was 32.6％ and the A＋T content was 67.4％,indicating that the T-DNA was integrated in the A/T-rich region.Further more,sequence alignment analysis showed a deletion of 62 bp including the right border of pCNFIRnos and the integration of the whole left border except a change of G to A.That was to say,the integration of the T-DNA in the transgenic line W-4 not involved in the vector sequences.Based on both flanking sequences as well as the left and right borders of the T-DNA sequences,two pairs of specific primers TLF/TLR and TRF/TRR were designed.Using the primers the event-specific PCR detection method for transgenic rapeseed line W-4 was established.By the PCR,two fragments of 485 and 405 bp were amplified from the W-4 genomic DNA as expected,while no products were amplified from the genomic DNA of other transgenic rapeseed lines and non-transgenic rapeseed line.And by the PCR it is possible to detect the W-4 genomic DNA from a mixed sample of genomic DNA.The limit of the detection for the qualitative PCR assay was 0.1％.The method developed in this work is highly specific,sensitive and suitable for event-specific detection of the transgenic rapeseed line W-4.

Regional Characteristics and Causes of Haze Events in Northeast China

Northeast China experiences severe atmospheric pollution, with an increasing occurrence of heavy haze episodes. However, the underlying forces driving haze formation during different seasons are poorly understood. In this study, we explored the spatio-temporal characteristics and causes of haze events in Northeast China by combining a range of data sources(i.e., ground monitoring, satellite-based products, and meteorological products). It was found that the ‘Shenyang-Changchun-Harbin(SCH)'city belt was the most polluted area in the region on an annual scale. The spatial distribution of air quality index(AQI) values had a clear seasonality, with the worst pollution occurring in winter, an approximately oval-shaped polluted area around western Jilin Province in spring, and the best air quality occurring in summer and most of the autumn. The three periods that typically experienced intense haze events were Period I from mid-October to mid-November(i.e., late autumn and early winter), Period II from late-December to February(i.e., the coldest time in winter), and Period III from April to mid-May(i.e., spring). During Period I, strong PM_(2.5) emissions from seasonal crop residue burning and coal burning for winter heating were the dominant reasons for the occurrence of extreme haze events(AQI > 300). Period II had frequent heavy haze events(200 < AQI < 300) in the coldest months of January and February, which were due to high PM_(2.5) emissions from coal burning and vehicle fuel consumption, a lower atmospheric boundary layer, and stagnant atmospheric conditions. Haze events in Period III, with high PM_(10) concentrations, were primarily caused by the regional transportation of windblown dust from degraded grassland in central Inner Mongolia and bare soil in western Jilin Province. Local agricultural tilling could also release PM_(10) and enhance the levels of windblown dust from tilled soil. Better control of coal burning, fuel consumption, and crop residue burning in winter and autumn is urgently needed to address the haze problem in Northeast China.

Seasonality of the Lagged Relationship between ENSO and the Northern Hemispheric Polar Vortex Variability

<Abstract>This paper reports the seasonal feature of the relationship between ENSO and the stratospheric Polar Vortex Oscillation (PVO) variability in the Northern Hemisphere.It is shown that the lagged ENSO-PVO coupling relationship exhibits distinct seasonal feature,due to the strong seasonality of PVO and ENSO.Specifically,the PVO variability not only during winter,but also in autumn and spring months,is significantly correlated with ENSO anomalies leading by seasons;however,no significant effect of ENSO is found on the PVO variability in winter months of November and February.Although a significant ENSO effect is primarily observed when ENSO leads PVO by about one year,a significant correlation is also found between PVO in the following spring months (M +1 A +1) and ENSO anomalies in the previous autumn (A-1 S-1 O- 1 N -1) when ENSO anomalies lead by about 18 months.The significant correlation between PVO in various seasons and the corresponding ENSO anomalies leading by seasons could be explicitly verified in most of the individual years,confirming that the lagged ENSO effect can largely modulate the seasonal timescale variability of PVO.Moreover,the composite spatial patterns of the zonal-mean temperature anomalies further show that the ENSO effect on the PVO in various seasons is related to the interannual variability of the seasonal timescale PVO events.

A Comment on Katherine Mansfield＇s A Dill Pickle

Katherine Mansfield is a world famous woman master of short stories in English literature. Her stories are sensitive revelations of human behaiour in quite ordinary situations, through which we can glimpse a powerful, and sometimes cruelly pessimistic view of life. A Dill Pickle is one of her short stories published in 1917, describing the encounter between a young woman and a young man who have been lovers six years ago and their lost love and changes over the years. Short as it is, it is really worth our earful analysis and appreciation. This paper will comment on this short story from the following two aspects： a commont on the theme of the story; a comment on the writing technique of the story. The paper conludes that romantic love is dependent upon circumstances and the convergence of certain character traits at a particular time.

Communicating Agencies＇ Humanitarianism in Natural Disaster and Armed Conflicts＂ Differences, Challenges, and Dilemmas

The literature on disasters mainly focuses on natural disasters and looks at their coverage by the media. The paper argues that armed conflicts are also disasters and that Western relief agencies intervening in natural disasters and conflict are also proactive communicators. Taking a different approach from much of the available research, it explores agencies＇ communication work in these two types of crises and analyses the differences, challenges and dilemmas that they face in communicating their humanitarianism. It outlines the distinguished inherent characteristics of natural disasters and conflicts, and examines their impact on the understanding of the crises, the perception of affected populations, and the implementation of agencies＇ actions. It also investigates how, in turn, all these features influence agencies＇ communication practices that in natural disasters emergencies and conflict-related crises perform a different role and show different parameters. In this sense, the paper distinguishes between ＂humanitarian communication＂ to refer to the former, and ＂humanitarian advocacy＂ to refer to the latter. The paper briefly explores the operational challenges engendered by the contested interpretations of humanitarian advocacy, shows that the use of the parameters of humanitarian communication in conflict-related crises to overcome these problems caused additional concern, and presents two forms of humanitarian advocacy engendering less challenges and dilemmas.

Stability control of water-enriched roofs of coal drifts

Excavation-and-support induced disturbances are likely to make water-enriched roofs to become weathered and fractured.The development and connection of cracks provide new water channels which may result in water loss,seriously affecting the in-tegrity and stability of roofs,leading to incidents of roof fall.Control of water-enriched rocks surrounding coal drifts is quite diffi-cult in China.Based on the practical situation of a water-enriched roof of a coal drift in working face 112201 of the Meihuajing coal mine,we studied the deformation features of surrounding rocks and the development of fractured areas and analyzed the major reasons for the decrease in load-carrying capacity,indicating that the key to maintain roof stability of this kind of coal drift is water retention.In addition,we proposed a staged control technology consisting of:1) surface grouting;2) cable anchor strengthening and 3) roof grouting,which has proven to be successful in this practical application.Our study indicates that,after the problem of water loss from the water-enriched roof had been effectively solved,a combined support system with high performance bolts can maintain the stability of the bearing structure,resulting in the control of roof stability in this kind of coal drift.

Research on time structure characteristic of gas concentration sequence in the working face

In the procedure of coal industry production, the losses of the persons and economy caused by the gas explosion accidents are most serious, therefore, prevention and control of the gas explosion accident of the coal mines is an important issue needed to be solved urgently in the safety production work of our coal mines. The characteristic of time structure variation index characteristic was analyzed about gas concentration sequence of three measure points in the NO. 1I 1024 working face. It was found that the value of time variation about three measure points was mostly 1〈δ≤1.5, and gas emission presented consistently strong-clustering state twice, and the value of time variation presented continuous variation state in the active stage of gas concentration. Complex characteristics of the value indicated gas emission was continuously variable in time or space and presented the complex nonlinear characteristics. So the characteristic about gas emission system was correctly depicted and analyzed to gas emission system according to the relation of its state variation and essential of nonlinear system. The result also provided reliable warranty for its continued nonlinear research on gas emission.

Effect of discontinuities characteristics on coal mine stability and sustainability： A rock fall prediction approach

Rock fall related accidents continue to occur in coal mines,although artificial support mechanisms have been used extensively. Roof stability is primarily determined in many underground mines by a limited number of methods that often resort to subjective criteria. It is argued in this paper that stability conditions of mine roof strata,as a key factor in sustainability in coal mines,must be determined by a survey which proactively investigates fundamental aspects of said mine. Failure of rock around the opening happens as a result of both high rock stress conditions and the presence of structural discontinuities. The properties of such discontinuities affect the engineering behavior of rock masses causing wedges or blocks to fall from the roof or sliding out of the walls. A practical rule-based approach to assess the risk of a roof fall is proposed in the paper. The method is based on the analysis of structural data and the geometry and stability of wedges in underground coal mines. In this regard,an accident causing a huge collapse in a coal mine leading to 4 fatalities is illustrated by way of a case study. Horizontal and vertical profiles are prepared by geophysical methods to define the falling zone and its boundaries. The collapse is then modeled by the use of sophisticated computer programs in order to identify the causes of the accident.

Three-Step Damage Identification Method Based on Dynamic Characteristics

A three-step damage identification method based on dynamic characteristics is proposed to improve the structure reliability and security and avoid serious accident. In the proposed method, the frequency and difference of modal curvature(DMC) are used as damage indexes. Firstly, the detection of the occurrence of damage is addressed by the frequency or the square of frequency change. Then the damage location inside the structure is measured by the DMC. Finally, with the stiffness reduction rate as a damage factor, the amount of damage is estimated by the optimization algorithm. The three-step damage identification method has been validated by conducting the simulation on a cantilever beam and the shaking table test on a submerged bridge. The results show that the method proposed in this paper can effectively solve the damage identification problem in theory and engineering practice.

Restraint Usage Characteristics and Other Factors Associated with Safety of Children Involved in Motor Vehicle Crashes

Involvement in road traffic crashes as vehicle occupants is a leading cause of death and serious injury among children. The objective of this study was to investigate crash severity factors and child safety restraint use characteristics in order to identify effective countermeasures to increase children＇s highway safety. Characteristics and percentages of restraint use among child passengers aged 4-13 years were examined using highway crash data from Kansas. The association between restraint use, injury severity and characteristics of children involved in crashes were investigated using OR （odds ratios） and a logistic regression model, which was used to identify risk factors. Results showed that children, who were unrestrained, were seated in the front seat, traveling with drunk drivers and on rural roads, and traveling during nighttime was more vulnerable to severe injury in the case of motor vehicle crashes. The most frequent contributing causes related to crashes involving children included driver＇s inattention while driving, failure to yield right-of-way, driving too fast, wet roads and animals in the road. Based on identified critical factors, general countermeasure ideas to improve children＇s traffic safety were suggested, including age-appropriate and size-appropriate seat belt restraints and having children seated in the rear seat. Parents and children must gain better education regarding these safety measures in order to increase child safety on the road.

Characterization of single-event multiple cell upsets in a custom SRAM in a 65 nm triple-well CMOS technology

In this paper, the characterization of single event multiple cell upsets(MCUs) in a custom SRAM is performed in a 65 nm triple-well CMOS technology, and O(linear energy transfer(LET) = 3.1 Me V cm2/mg), Ti(LET = 22.2 Me V cm2/mg) and Ge(LET = 37.4 Me V cm2/mg) particles are employed. The experimental results show that the percentage of MCU events in total upset events is 71.11%, 83.47% and 85.53% at O, Ti and Ge exposures. Moreover, due to the vertical well isolation layout, 100%(O), 100%(Ti) and 98.11%(Ge) MCU cluster just present at one or two adjacent columns, but there are still 4 cell upsets in one MCU cluster appearing on the same word wire. The characterization indicates that MCUs have become the main source of soft errors in SRAM, and even though combining the storage array interleaving distance(ID) scheme with the error detection and correction(EDAC) technique, the MCUs cannot be completely eliminated, new radiation hardened by design techniques still need to be further studied.

The effect of secondary structures on the generation of characteristic events during the translocation of DNA hybrid through ?-hemolysin

Nanopore has been developed to be a powerful,single-molecule analytical tool for sensing ions,small organic molecules and biomacromolecules such as proteins and DNAs.Generally,the identity of the analyte can be revealed by current amplitude changes and mean dwell time of the analyte binding events.In some cases,generation of highly characteristic current events affords an alternative way of analyte determination with high confidence level.However,we found that secondary structures in DNA/RNA hybrids might severely hinder the generation of signature events during their translocation through?-hemolysin nanopore.In this report,we propose a strategy to add a certain concentration of urea in the buffer solution for single channel recordings and validate that low concentration of urea can effectively denature the secondary structures in DNA hybrids and recover the generation of signature events.This finding might be useful in other secondary structure-related nanopore sensing activities.

Carter＇s Feminist Revision of Fairytale： The Narrative Strategies of ＂The Company of Wolves＂

The paper examines how the British woman writer Angela Carter rewrites Charles Perrault＇s household fairy tale--＂Little Red Riding Hood＂ in her short story--＂The Company of Wolves.＂ This paper attempts to analyze the two distinctive narrative strategies--re-characterization and second-person narration, skillfully deployed by Carter in order to rewrite Perrault＇ s classic tale into a feminist story. In Carter＇s version, Little Red Riding Hood is represented as a witty new woman who embraces her own sexuality and regards herself as a subject rather than an object. Through the transposition between reader and character, Carter＇s tale produces a new subject position for readers, particularly for young female readers.

Influence of Unidirectional Tensile External-loading on Electromagnetic Property of the Perforated Frequency Selective Surface Illuminated by Electromagnetic Wave Incident at Arbitrary Angles

That whether unidirectional tension changes the influence of incident angle on FSS's(frequency selective surface) electromagnetic(EM) property and whether incident angle changes the effect of unidirectional intension on FSS's EM property is researched.The pattern and magnitude of these changes are revealed.Firstly,the analyses for the mechanism of unidirectional tension's influence and the mechanism of the coupling between the influences of unidirectional tension and incident angle are conducted.Then,according to the mechanism of these influences,Mechanics-Electromagnetics co-analysis is conducted based on mechanics finite element method and electromagnetics finite element method.The frequency responses of the FSS which is under different unidirectional tensions and illuminated by EM wave incident at different angles are gained.The concept"unidirectional tensile sensitivity of FSS"is put forward along with two unidirectional tensile sensitivity factors.By using angular sensitivity-factor and unidirectional tensile sensitivity-factor,the influences of unidirectional tension and incident angle,which are coupled with each other,are expatiated respectively.Research results show that these influences have two sides.Meanwhile,basing on Mode Matching Method and according to the results of numerical investigation,one principle for the layout of FSS with apertures is gained.Several suggestions for further research are given.