精准扶贫中基层组织的二元性质及现实影响

中国的精准扶贫取得了显著成就和决定性胜利,但反思精准扶贫中存在的问题仍然是必要的。从基层组织这一微观视域加以审视,发现基层组织作为精准扶贫实践的主体具有三重二元性质,而三重二元性质构成了一个可以放大自由决策权的弹性约束空间。在弹性约束空间内,以自我决定为核心的变通执行、以自我利益为核心的选择性执行和以自我保护为核心的消极执行等策略主义出现,精准扶贫的政策执行产生偏斜运动,精准扶贫政策目标偏离,会出现“材料扶贫”“口头脱贫”“文本脱贫”等现象。

感受性质:新二元论的一个堡垒

感受性质是新二元论者在心理世界中发现的"新大陆",是当代心灵哲学中唯物主义最难以同化的困难问题。通过概念辨析理清了感受性质的理论所指,并详尽考察了心灵哲学中支持感受性质的主要的五种论证形式及其二元论的结论,最后指出对新二元论的研究是我们推进唯物主义发展的良好的契机。

“性质二元论”辨析

在当前的心灵哲学界,笛卡尔式的实体二元论几乎已经失去地位,取而代之的是广为接受的性质二元论。作为一种哲学本体论,性质二元论声称所有实体都是物理实体,心理性质不同于物理性质,并且部分物理实体可以具有心理性质。然而,当对“实体”这一形而上学概念进行了阐明之后发现,性质二元论在逻辑上难以站住脚——因为具有心理性质的物理实体无法成为真正的物理实体,而且性质二元论会“滑向”实体二元论。另外,除了自身的逻辑融贯性存疑,性质二元论还面临其它难题。因此,性质二元论并没有那么可靠。

有限集上二元关系性质的判定

离散数学中,二元关系自反、反自反、对称、反对称和传递性的判定是学习等价关系、相容关系和偏序关系的重要基础知识,为使读者灵活掌握二元关系五种性质的判定,分别从关系性质的定义、关系矩阵、关系图和关系运算四方面对二元关系五种性质的判定方法进行了探讨。

性质二元论与副现象论之关系评析

在当代西方心灵哲学中,戴维森的非则一元论和普特南—福多的主流功能主义都属于性质二元论,性质二元论也叫做"非还原的物理主义"。金在权作为还原的物理主义者尖锐地指出,性质二元论要么滑入副现象论,要么归入还原的物理主义,没有中间道路可走。为此,金在权与戴维森等人就性质二元论与副现象论的关系问题展开激烈争论。性质二元论不仅在副现象论和还原的物理主义之间摇摆,而且在副现象论和实体二元论之间摇摆,因而它本身并无独立的地位。

农村公共财政的必然作用:支持农村全面发展

在我国建立公共财政的过程中 ,由于二元经济性质、农村经济制度和经济水平的限制 ,政府对农村的收支具有相对独立性。将农村公共财政作为相对独立的体系来研究 ,从农村公共财政的制度环境出发 ,阐明农村公共财政具有全新意义上的保障和发展职能 ,指出公共财政向农村倾斜的必然性 ,认为农村公共财政的实质就是支持农村全面发展的财政。

Free dendritic growth model incorporating interfacial nonisosolutal nature due to normal velocity variation

Considering both the effects of the interfacial normal velocity dependence of solute segregation and the local nonequilibrium solute diffusion,an extended free dendritic growth model was analyzed.Compared with the predictions from the dendritic model with isosolutal interface assumption,the transition from solutal dendrite to thermal dendrite moves to higher undercoolings,i.e.,the region of undercoolings with solute controlled growth is extended.At high undercoolings,the transition from the mainly thermal-controlled growth to the purely thermal-controlled growth is not sharp as predicted by the isosolute model,but occurs in a range of undercooling,due to both the effects of the interfacial normal velocity dependence of solute segregation and the local nonequilibrium solute diffusion.Model test indicates that the present model can give a satisfactory agreement with the available experimental data for the Ni-0.7% B（mole fraction） alloy.

Local Quark-Hadron Duality and Magnetic Form Factors of Bound Proton

We discuss the consequence of local duality for elastic scattering, and derive a model-independent equation between structure functions at x ～ 1 and elastic electromagnetic form factors. Then the electromagnetic form factors of proton are discussed using the quark-hadron duality theory. We also debate the form factor of proton in a bound state.It may be an effective approach to study the form factor of proton in media.

Thermodynamic properties of metamizol monohydrate in pure and binary solvents at temperatures from(283.15 to 313.15) K

The thermodynamic properties of metamizol monohydrate in pure solvents(methanol,ethanol,n-propanol and isopropanol) and two binary mixed solvent systems including(methanol+ethanol) and(methanol+isopropanol) were measured from 283.15 K to 313.15 K by gravimetric method under atmospheric pressure thought as 0.1 MPa.The modi fied Apelblat equation,the CNIBS/R-K equation,the Hybrid model and the NRTL model were used to correlate the solubility of metamizol monohydrate,respectively.The results show that the solubility of metamizol monohydrate in all the tested solvents increases with the rising temperature which means that it has temperature dependence.What's more,the effects of solvent components of the binary solvent mixtures on solubility were discussed,it illustrates that the increasing of the molar fraction of methanol gives the system a greater dissolving power.Furthermore,according to the NRTL model,the enthalpy,the Gibbs energy and the entropy of the mixing process were also obtained and discussed.

Determination of Transport Properties of Dilute Binary Mixtures Containing Carbon Dioxide through Isotropic Pair Potential Energies

The present work is concerned with extracting information about intermolecular potential energies of binary mixtures of CO2 with C2H6, C3H8, n-C4Hlo and iso-C4Hlo, by the usage of the inversion method, and then predicting the dilute gas transport properties of the mixtures. Using the inverted pair potential energies, the Chap- man-Enskog version of the kinetic theory was applied to calculate transport properties, except thermal conductivity of mixtures. The calculation of thermal conductivity through the methods of Schreiber et al. and Uribe et al. was discussed. Calculations were performed over a wide temperature range and equimolar composition. Rather accurate correlations for the viscosity coefficients of the mixtures in the temperature range were reproduced from the pre- sent unlike intermolecular potential energies. Our estimated accuracies for the viscosity are within ±2%. Acceptable agreement between the predicted values of the viscosity and thermal conductivity with the literature values demon- strates the predictive power of the inversion scheme. In the case of thermal conductivity our results are in favor of the preference of Uribe et al.＇s method over Schreiber et al.＇s scheme.

Physicochemical Properties, Baking Performance and Sensory Evaluation of Bakery Shortening Enriched with Diacylglycerol

The purpose of this study was to investigate the suitability of palm diacylglycerol （PDAG）-enriched formulations for bakery shortening. Three types of palm diacylglycerol olein （PDAGOL） at different degree of unsaturation （PDAGOL1V56, PDAGOLIV62 and PDAGOLIV64） were used as main raw materials blended with palm stearin （PS）. The blending compositions ranged from 30% to 70% of PDAGOLIV56/PS, PDAGOLIV62/PS and PDAGOLIV64/PS, respectively. The physicochemical properties of all binary blend systems were characterized for fatty acid composition （FAC）, slip melting point （SMP） and solid fat content （SFC）. The selected bakery shortening formulations were further characterised for polymorphic form of fat crystal and thermal behavior, using X-ray diffractometer （XRD） and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. Bakery shortening enriched with diacylglycerol that were produced from 40DS56 （40% PDAGOLIV56/60% PS）, 40DS62 （40% PDAGOL1V62/60% PS） and 40DS64 （40% PDAGOLIV64/60% PS） had 45%-50% unsaturated fatty acid and crystallized in β ＋ β polymorphs; thus they were suitable for shortening system. Based on product＇s baking performance, it could be found that all Madeira cakes prepared from bakery shortening enriched with diacylglycerol had higher specific cake volume as compared to commercial shortening （CS）. In customer acceptance test, Madeira cake made from 40DS56 shortening scored the highest rating for all sensory attributes, including overall customer acceptability. It had given an indication that 40DS56 shortening formulation was the most suitable fat blends to be used as bakery shortening.

Physical Properties of Ⅲ-Antiminodes—a First Principles Study

A comprehensive first principles study of III-Antimonide binary compounds is hardly found in literature. We report a broad study of structural and electronic properties of boron antimonide （BSb）, aluminium antimonide （AlSb）, gallium antimonide （GaSb） and indium antimonide （InSb） in zineblende phase based on density functional theory （DFT）. Our calculations are based on Full-PotentiM Lineaxized Augmented Plane wave plus local orbitals （FP- L（APWq-lo）） method. Different forms of exchange-correlation energy functional and corresponding potential are employed for structural and electronic properties. Our computed results for lattice parameters, bulk moduli, their pressure derivatives, and cohesive energy are consistent with the available experimental data. Boron antimonide is found to be the hardest compound of this group. For band structure calculations, in addition to LDA and GGA, we used GGA-EV, an approximation employed by Engel and Vosko. The band gap results with GGA-EV are of significant improvement over the earlier work.

Study of Sandy Silica Properties in Area of Edree （Libya） and the Possibility of Using in Various Engineering Industries

Silica materials are located in various regions of Libya in large quantities and different mining conditions, so the purpose of this study is silica materials in the south-west of the Libyan region Edree in terms of quality and the possibility of using in various engineering industries, particularly construction. The results show that the sands of silica presented in Edree area are of a high degree of purity, as the percentage of silicon （SIO2） reached 99.5%, the percentage of impurities was negligible and represented in some chemical elements in different proportions, such as calcium 0.224%, sodium 0.004%, iron 0.0006%, zinc 0.0003%, boron 0.0003%, potassium 0.0001%, manganese 0.0001% and magnesium 0.0001%, making these materials very suitable in the manufacture of all types of glass, crystal and semi-crystalline high-quality without needing any important treatment, as well as its suitability as a refinement in manufacture of templates metal castings in addition to the possibility of use in the manufacture of cement, building materials and as a filler in paint and brick making and sand and concrete elements can also be used in electronic industries. A geological material of silica present in the form of a sequence of layers of clay and thin layers of sand stone and a large stock of high-quality near the surface, making mining operations of the type of surface and reduces the cost of extraction.

The analysis of the rural cooperative finance characteristic

The paper set off from the nature characteristics of rural cooperation finance, analyzing the finance cooperation in our rural areas. It points out that the supporting strength is difficult to maintain the need of simple reproduction, disturbing the consistence between the intense need of the important peasant household and the market-oriented development of enterprise produce What is more, and functional cultivating becomes reverse circulation, forming shoulders adjustment mechanism in the majority of our rural areas. In the long run, if we want to break the influence of the long-term effect of dual economy between urban and rural areas, plan the development of urban and rural as a whole, build socialism new rural area, the key is to comply with the principle ＂root in rural area, originally in the peasant, quality in cooperation ＂, build and perfect the serve system of rural cooperation finance.

New Method of Predicting the Thermodynamic Properties of Solutions

Thermodynamic functions solutions of a 25 binary systems formed n-alcohols and esters of aliphatic acids by were calculated using the standards ideal solution and ideal gas. The value change regularity of the thermodynamic functions of solutions depending on their molar mass and concentration of the solutions＇ components was determined by the thermodynamic analysis. The method of prediction of the thermodynamic properties of binary solutions was suggested on the basis of the determined regularities. The corresponding equations were obtained.

非讼程序:司法权介入市民社会的第二条路径

大陆法系主要国家承继了罗马法上司法权性质二元论观点,认为司法权既包括诉讼裁判权也包括非讼裁判权。非讼裁判权本来就是法院司法权的一部分,这种观点既符合法学历史事实,也符合国际发展趋势。增设非讼程序,可以实现法院裁判权范围的合理扩张,也可以为司法权提前介入市民社会提供新的路径;同时,非讼程序也为人民提供了纠纷解决的新机制。

塞尔论意向性与言语行为

塞尔在《意向性》中提出关于意向性的生物主义解释。这个解释利用他的言语行为理论所提供的函项框架,同时引入意向性的因果关系来描述意向对象的呈现方式。在他看来,意向性是生物机体的一种高阶逻辑性质,通过生物学性质实现,但不能还原成生物学性质。但是,这种生物主义观点很难说有意义。即使不考虑这一点,建立在上述基础上的意向内容理论也不具备应对怀疑论的能力。

Statistical and thermodynamic properties of binary self-condensing vinyl polymerization

The thermodynamic properties of a binary self-condensing vinyl polymerization system consisting of monomers and inimers are investigated by the principle of statistical mechanics.In detail,in terms of two types of canonical partition functions constructed from different viewpoints,the equilibrium free energy,the law of mass action and the size distribution of hyperbranched polymers are obtained.As an application,the specific heat,equation of state and isothermal compressibility concerning the polymerization are given as well.To study the dimension of hyperbranched polymers in the system,a recursion formula satisfied by the(k+1)-th and k-th mean square radius of gyration is derived,and then the first,second and third radius of gyration under different solvent conditions are presented.The influences of the fraction of inimers,the conversion of vinyl groups and the solvent effect on the average dimension of hyperbranched polymers are discussed.

Non-phospholipid liposomes with high sterol content display a very limited permeability

We demonstrate that it is possible to form non-phospholipid fluid bilayers in aqueous milieu with a mixture of palmitic acid (PA),cholesterol (Chol),and cholesterol sulfate (Schol) in a molar proportion of 30/28/42.These self-assemblies are shown to be bilayers in the liquid ordered phase.They are stable between pH 5 and 9.Over this pH range,the protonation/deprotonation of PA carboxylic group is observed but this change does not appear to alter the stability of these bilayers,a behavior contrasting with that observed for binary mixtures of PA/Chol,and PA/Schol.The multilamellar dispersions formed spontaneously from the PA/Chol/Schol mixture could be successfully extruded to form Large Unilamellar Vesicles (LUVs).These LUVs show interesting permeability properties,linked with their high sterol content.These non-phospholipid liposomes can sustain a pH gradient (pH internal 8/pH external 6) 100 times longer than LUVs made of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and cholesterol,with a molar ratio of 60/40.Moreover,the non-phospholipid LUVs are shown to protect ascorbic acid from an oxidizing environment (1 mM iron(III)).Once entrapped in liposomes,ascorbic acid displays a degradation rate similar to that obtained in the absence of iron(III).These results show the possibility to form novel nanocontainers from a mixture of a monoalkylated amphiphile and sterols,with a good pH stability and showing interesting permeability properties.