Background Identifying the transmural extent of myocardial necrosis and the degree of myocardial viability in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is important clinically. The aim of this study was to assess myocardial...Background Identifying the transmural extent of myocardial necrosis and the degree of myocardial viability in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is important clinically. The aim of this study was to assess myocardial viability using two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI) in patients with AMI. Methods 2D-STI was performed at initial presentation, three days, and six months after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in 30 patients with AMI, who had a left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) culprit lesion. In addition, 20 patients who had minimal stenotic lesions (〈 30% stenosis) on coronary angiography were also included in the control group. At six months dobutamine echocardiography was performed for viability assessment in seven segments of the LAD territory. According to the recovery of wall motion abnormality, segments were classified as viable or non-viable. Results A total of 131 segments were viable, and 44 were nonviable. Multivariate analysis revealed significant differences between the viable and nonviable segments in the peak systolic strain, the peak systolic strain rate at initial presentation, and peak systolic strain rate three days after primary PCI. Among these, the initial peak systolic strain rate had the highest predictive value for myocardial viability (hazard ratio: 31.22, P 〈 0.01). Conclusions 2D-STI is feasible for assessing myocardial viability, and the peak systolic strain rate might be the most reliable predictor of myocardial viability in patients with AMI.展开更多
To achieve the goals of national sustainable development, the peaking control of CO2 emissions is pivotal, as well as other pollutants. In this paper, we build a Chinese inter-regional CGE model and simulate 13 polici...To achieve the goals of national sustainable development, the peaking control of CO2 emissions is pivotal, as well as other pollutants. In this paper, we build a Chinese inter-regional CGE model and simulate 13 policies and their combinations. By analyzing the energy consumptions, coal consumptions, relating emissions and their impacts on GDP, we found that with the structure adjustment policy, the proportion of coal in primary fossil fuels in 2030 will decrease from 53% to 48% and CO2 emissions will decrease by 11.3%-22.8% compared to the baseline scenario. With the energy intensity reduction policy, CO2 emissions will decrease by 33.3% in 2030 and 47.8% in 2050 than baseline scenario. Other pollutants will also be controlled as synergetic effects. In this study we also find that although the earlier the peaking time the better for emission amounts control, the economic costs can not be ignored. The GDP will decrease by 2.96%-8.23% under different scenarios. Therefore, integrated policy solutions are needed for realizing the peaks package and more targeted measures are required to achieve the peaks of other pollutants earlier.展开更多
In this paper, a group of methttis in reducing Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) in 3GPP-LTE uplink Single-Carrier Fre-quency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) using Constant Amplitude. tude Zero Auto-Correlatio...In this paper, a group of methttis in reducing Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) in 3GPP-LTE uplink Single-Carrier Fre-quency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) using Constant Amplitude. tude Zero Auto-Correlation Sequences(CAZAC) sequences were proposed. The authors discussed the methods of reducing PAPR using pilot sequences and detailed schemes. Then they investigated several CAZAC sequences, mainly about phase shifted sequences, such as Chu sequence, Frank sequence and Golomb sequence. They also the differences between various kinds of pilot sequence positions. Compared to simple binary sequences, CAZAC has a great improvement in peak power reduction. With respect to pilot sequence orders and pilot density, all three CAZAC sequences have similar performances, which is an advantage in designing SC-FDMA systems.展开更多
China has set the goal for its CO2 emissions to peak around 2030, which is not only a strategic decision coordinating domestic sustainable development and global climate change mitigation but also an overarching targe...China has set the goal for its CO2 emissions to peak around 2030, which is not only a strategic decision coordinating domestic sustainable development and global climate change mitigation but also an overarching target and a key point of action for China's resource conservation, environmental protection, shift in economic development patterns, and CO2 emission reduction to avoid climate change. The development stage where China maps out the CO2 emission peak target is earlier than that of the developed countries. It is a necessity that the non-fossil energy supplies be able to meet all the increased energy demand for achieving CO2 emission peaking. Given that China's potential GDP annual increasing rate will be more than 4%, and China's total energy demand will continue to increase by approximately 1.0%--1.5% annually around 2030, new and renewable energies will need to increase by 6%-8% annually to meet the desired CO2 emission peak. The share of new and renewable energies in China's total primary energy supply will be approximately 20% by 2030. At that time, the energy consumption elasticity will decrease to around 0.3, and the annual decrease in the rate of CO2 intensity will also be higher than 4% to ensure the sustained growth of GDE To achieve the CO2 emission peaking target and substantially promote the low-carbon deve!opment transformation, China needs to actively promote an energy production and consumption revolution, the innovation of advanced energy technologies, the reform of the energy regulatory system and pricing mechanism, and especially the construction of a national carbon emission cap and trade system.展开更多
Waste disposal is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions such as methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide. In China, rapid economic growth and urbanization have led to increasing solid waste generation and greenh...Waste disposal is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions such as methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide. In China, rapid economic growth and urbanization have led to increasing solid waste generation and greenhouse gas emissions from the waste sector. Based on the first-order decay (FOD) method recommended by the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, this paper systematically estimates China's carbon emissions from the waste sector and forecasts their peak. Results indicate that between 1981 and 2009, China's carbon emissions from the waste sector surged, possibly peaking by around 2024. In comparison with developed countries, there is a large potential to improve waste disposal in China. Industrial upgradation and waste disposal improvement will help reduce waste generation and carbon emissions from the waste sector.展开更多
采用Gleeble 3800试验机模拟60 mm特厚高强韧桥梁钢板热影响粗晶区(CGHAZ)的焊接热循环,通过金相分析、硬度测试和示波冲击试验研究了焊接热输入量E、二次峰值温度TP2对CGHAZ显微组织与性能的影响。结果表明,单道次焊接热模拟工艺条件下...采用Gleeble 3800试验机模拟60 mm特厚高强韧桥梁钢板热影响粗晶区(CGHAZ)的焊接热循环,通过金相分析、硬度测试和示波冲击试验研究了焊接热输入量E、二次峰值温度TP2对CGHAZ显微组织与性能的影响。结果表明,单道次焊接热模拟工艺条件下,随着焊接热输入量的增大,一次粗晶区(CGHAZ)组织由细板条贝氏体(LB)逐渐转变成粒状贝氏体(GB),而冲击吸收能量和显微硬度值随着焊接热输入量的增大而减小;焊接热输入量不大于50 k J/cm时,试验钢板具有较好的冲击性能,M-A组元粗化,冲击性能下降。在双道次焊接热模拟工艺条件下,E=30 k J/cm时,冲击吸收能量随着TP2的增大呈现出先上升后下降的趋势;TP2=750℃时,冲击性能最差,表现出临界粗晶热影响区脆化。展开更多
文摘Background Identifying the transmural extent of myocardial necrosis and the degree of myocardial viability in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is important clinically. The aim of this study was to assess myocardial viability using two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI) in patients with AMI. Methods 2D-STI was performed at initial presentation, three days, and six months after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in 30 patients with AMI, who had a left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) culprit lesion. In addition, 20 patients who had minimal stenotic lesions (〈 30% stenosis) on coronary angiography were also included in the control group. At six months dobutamine echocardiography was performed for viability assessment in seven segments of the LAD territory. According to the recovery of wall motion abnormality, segments were classified as viable or non-viable. Results A total of 131 segments were viable, and 44 were nonviable. Multivariate analysis revealed significant differences between the viable and nonviable segments in the peak systolic strain, the peak systolic strain rate at initial presentation, and peak systolic strain rate three days after primary PCI. Among these, the initial peak systolic strain rate had the highest predictive value for myocardial viability (hazard ratio: 31.22, P 〈 0.01). Conclusions 2D-STI is feasible for assessing myocardial viability, and the peak systolic strain rate might be the most reliable predictor of myocardial viability in patients with AMI.
基金funded by the National Natural Fund of China(71173206)the Strategic Priority Research ProgramdClimate Change:Carbon Budget and Related Issues of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA05150300)
文摘To achieve the goals of national sustainable development, the peaking control of CO2 emissions is pivotal, as well as other pollutants. In this paper, we build a Chinese inter-regional CGE model and simulate 13 policies and their combinations. By analyzing the energy consumptions, coal consumptions, relating emissions and their impacts on GDP, we found that with the structure adjustment policy, the proportion of coal in primary fossil fuels in 2030 will decrease from 53% to 48% and CO2 emissions will decrease by 11.3%-22.8% compared to the baseline scenario. With the energy intensity reduction policy, CO2 emissions will decrease by 33.3% in 2030 and 47.8% in 2050 than baseline scenario. Other pollutants will also be controlled as synergetic effects. In this study we also find that although the earlier the peaking time the better for emission amounts control, the economic costs can not be ignored. The GDP will decrease by 2.96%-8.23% under different scenarios. Therefore, integrated policy solutions are needed for realizing the peaks package and more targeted measures are required to achieve the peaks of other pollutants earlier.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Doctor′s Degree,Beijing University of Technology(No.X0002012200903)the State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks(Xidian University),China(No.ISN10-02)
文摘In this paper, a group of methttis in reducing Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) in 3GPP-LTE uplink Single-Carrier Fre-quency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) using Constant Amplitude. tude Zero Auto-Correlation Sequences(CAZAC) sequences were proposed. The authors discussed the methods of reducing PAPR using pilot sequences and detailed schemes. Then they investigated several CAZAC sequences, mainly about phase shifted sequences, such as Chu sequence, Frank sequence and Golomb sequence. They also the differences between various kinds of pilot sequence positions. Compared to simple binary sequences, CAZAC has a great improvement in peak power reduction. With respect to pilot sequence orders and pilot density, all three CAZAC sequences have similar performances, which is an advantage in designing SC-FDMA systems.
基金supported by Major Program of Humanities and Social Science Base,Ministry of Education(No.10JJD630011)
文摘China has set the goal for its CO2 emissions to peak around 2030, which is not only a strategic decision coordinating domestic sustainable development and global climate change mitigation but also an overarching target and a key point of action for China's resource conservation, environmental protection, shift in economic development patterns, and CO2 emission reduction to avoid climate change. The development stage where China maps out the CO2 emission peak target is earlier than that of the developed countries. It is a necessity that the non-fossil energy supplies be able to meet all the increased energy demand for achieving CO2 emission peaking. Given that China's potential GDP annual increasing rate will be more than 4%, and China's total energy demand will continue to increase by approximately 1.0%--1.5% annually around 2030, new and renewable energies will need to increase by 6%-8% annually to meet the desired CO2 emission peak. The share of new and renewable energies in China's total primary energy supply will be approximately 20% by 2030. At that time, the energy consumption elasticity will decrease to around 0.3, and the annual decrease in the rate of CO2 intensity will also be higher than 4% to ensure the sustained growth of GDE To achieve the CO2 emission peaking target and substantially promote the low-carbon deve!opment transformation, China needs to actively promote an energy production and consumption revolution, the innovation of advanced energy technologies, the reform of the energy regulatory system and pricing mechanism, and especially the construction of a national carbon emission cap and trade system.
文摘Waste disposal is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions such as methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide. In China, rapid economic growth and urbanization have led to increasing solid waste generation and greenhouse gas emissions from the waste sector. Based on the first-order decay (FOD) method recommended by the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, this paper systematically estimates China's carbon emissions from the waste sector and forecasts their peak. Results indicate that between 1981 and 2009, China's carbon emissions from the waste sector surged, possibly peaking by around 2024. In comparison with developed countries, there is a large potential to improve waste disposal in China. Industrial upgradation and waste disposal improvement will help reduce waste generation and carbon emissions from the waste sector.
文摘采用Gleeble 3800试验机模拟60 mm特厚高强韧桥梁钢板热影响粗晶区(CGHAZ)的焊接热循环,通过金相分析、硬度测试和示波冲击试验研究了焊接热输入量E、二次峰值温度TP2对CGHAZ显微组织与性能的影响。结果表明,单道次焊接热模拟工艺条件下,随着焊接热输入量的增大,一次粗晶区(CGHAZ)组织由细板条贝氏体(LB)逐渐转变成粒状贝氏体(GB),而冲击吸收能量和显微硬度值随着焊接热输入量的增大而减小;焊接热输入量不大于50 k J/cm时,试验钢板具有较好的冲击性能,M-A组元粗化,冲击性能下降。在双道次焊接热模拟工艺条件下,E=30 k J/cm时,冲击吸收能量随着TP2的增大呈现出先上升后下降的趋势;TP2=750℃时,冲击性能最差,表现出临界粗晶热影响区脆化。