水分传感器二次传感数字仪的室内调试和原位观测

若将水分传感器的指示部分，换成以压阻传感器为二次传感的数字化土壤水分测量装置，即可实现数字化，直接显示土壤水分吸力值（一ＫＰａ）。二次传感具有数字化的优越性，然而二次传感器本身有一个误差和精度问题，此误差的大小直接影响土壤水分吸力结果的可靠程度。

水分传感器的分类和应用及参数分析

本文将详细阐述水分传感器的分类原理和应用及对二次传感器显示仪的标定过程和参数分析。

LOCALIZATION ALGORITHM USING DISTANCE AND ANGLE INFORMATION IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

A localization algorithm using distance and angle information is proposed in wireless sensor networks. Assuming that node axial orientations are unknown, all angles are measured to calculate the angle differences between two nodes viewed by the third one. Then, localization problems are formulated as convex optimization ones and all geometric relationships among different nodes in the communication range are transformed into linear or quadratic constraints. If all measurements are accurate, the localization problem can be formulated as linear programming （LP）. Otherwise, by incorporating auxiliary variables, it can be regarded as quadratic programming （QP）. Simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Analysis of secondary flow in shell-side channel of trisection helix heat exchangers

The flow characteristics of shell-side fluid in the tube-and-shell heat exchangers with trisection helical baffles with 35° inclined angles are numerically analyzed. The secondary flow distribution of the fluid in the shell-side channel is focused on. The results on meridian planes indicate that in the shell-side channel, the center part of fluid has an outward tendency because of the centrifugal force, and the peripheral region fluid has an inward tendency under the centripetal force. So in a spiral cycle, the fluid is divided into the upper and lower beams of streamlines, at the same time the Dean vortices are formed near the left baffle, and then the fluid turns to centripetal flow near the right baffle. Finally the two beams of streamlines merge in the main flow. The results of a number of parallel slices between two parallel baffles with the same sector in a swirl cycle also show the existence of the secondary flow and some backward flows at the V-gaps of the adjacent baffles. The secondary flows have a positive effect on mixing fluid by promoting the momentum and mass exchange between fluid particles near the tube wall and in the main stream, and thus they will enhance the heat transfer of the helix heat exchanger.

Relocation method of microseismic source in deep mines

A new method, named relocation, was proposed to reduce the impact of sensor errors systematically, especially whenavailable data of sensors are abundant. The procedure includes evaluating the reliability of every sensors datum, processing the initiallocation by the credible data, and selecting a set of equations with optimal noise tolerance according to the relative relationshipbetween the initial location and sensors location, then calculating the final location by k-mean voting. The results obtained in thisresearch include comparing traditional location method with the presented method in both simulation and field experiment. In thefield experiment, the location error of relocation method reduced 41.8% compared with traditional location method. The resultssuggested that relocation method can improve the fault-tolerant performance significantly.

单跨门式刚架抗连续性倒塌设计与分析

单跨门式刚架连续性倒塌具有突发性、不可预测性等特点,且造成的破坏性大,在设计中应引起足够重视。文中以"备用荷载路径法"为指导,利用数值分析方法研究结构倒塌。以一典型物流类单跨门式刚架为例,采用通用有限元分析软件ANSYS对结构进行弹塑性静力分析,深入地认识结构的倒塌过程及荷载-位移变化特征。基于"二次传力路径法"的设计思想,通过增加冗余构件,增设备用传力路径,提出的门式刚架纵向加强抗倒塌解决方案,经数值分析验证,是经济有效、合理适用的。

Probabilistic Teleportation of n-Particle State via n Pairs of Entangled Particles

The teleportation of an arbitrary n-particle state is proposed when n pairs of entangled particles are utilized as quantum channels. It can be successfully realized with a certain probability which is determined by the smallest coefficients of n entangled pairs. Using a Latin square of order 2n, explicit expressions of two unitary operations corresponding to different Bell-basis measurements performed by Alice can be obtained at the end of Bob.

Characterization of cooling rate and microstructure of Cu Sn melt droplet in drop on demand process

Different sized single droplets of Cu-6%Sn alloy were prepared by drop on demand(DOD)technique.The secondarydendrite arm spacing was measured and correlated with the droplet cooling rate by a semi-empirical formula.The microstructure ofdroplets was observed by optical microscopy(OM)and electro backscatter diffraction(EBSD).The dendrite feature of singledroplets depends on solidification rate,cooling medium and flight distance.When droplets collide with each other at temperaturesbetween solidus and liquidus,the dendrites and grains are refined obviously possibly because the collision enhances the heat transfer.The cooling rate of colliding droplets is estimated to be more than4×104K/s based on a Newton’s cooling model.The dendritesgrow along the colliding direction because of the temperature gradient induced by the internal flow inside the droplets.

Three Cases of Reinfection Syphilis

These three cases of reinfection syphilis all had complete medical histories, clinical symptoms, and laboratory records of prior primary or secondarysy philis infection. The author held that the main reason for reinfection was failure of diagnosis and treatment of sex partners.

Influences of Temperature Regime on Germination of Seed of Wild Soybean(Glycine soja)

As an important plant species with high protein contents,wild soybean(Glycine soja),has drawn much attention and appeared to be useful for the genetic improvement of soybean germplasms.Since temperature is one of the numerous environmental factors affecting the germination of most plants,an experimental study was carried out to determine the effect of temperature on germination of wild soybean(G.soja)seeds.Germination test was conducted by setting up thirty-six constant and alternating temperature regimes,ranging from 5 to 40 ℃(16 h night/8 h day).Responses in germination rate to these temperature regimes were then used to construct a quadratic response surface,giving estimated germination rates with confidence intervals at P ≤ 0.05.The results showed that germination capacity was significantly greater while exposed to constant temperatures of 25 ℃,and under the alternating temperature regime the optimum temperature occurred at the 20/25,25/25,25/30 ℃ regime(16 h/8 h)with the amplitude widened from 0 to 5 ℃.Together with regional monthly climate data,these results could be used to improve and promote the cultivation of wild soybean(G.soja),making it available to develop the location-specific optimum seeding time and to apply weed-control treatments.

航空发动机ZP/LTR方法稳定性分析及改进

分析了零点配置/回路传函恢复(ZP/LTR)方法稳定性,给出并证明了其稳定性条件.但该条件较为苛刻,限制了ZP/LTR方法的应用.为了对ZP/LTR方法改进,在设计过程中引入了Kal man滤波器,通过选取特殊的参数,使Kal man滤波器回路逼近并取代原目标回路,从而在保留ZP/LTR方法性能的同时,通过保证Kal man滤波器回路的稳定性保证了最后闭环系统的稳定性.给出并证明了改进后的ZP/LTR方法的稳定性条件,指出改进后的ZP/LTR方法的稳定性条件较为宽松,拓宽了原ZP/LTR方法的应用范围.

Cooperative Anti-Interference Spectrum Sharing with Secondary User Selection

In this paper, we propose a cooperative anti-interference spectrum sharing strategy with secondary user selection where the secondary system can gain spectrum access along with the primary system. Specifically, secondary user and are selected to transmit the primary and secondary signal through different bandwidth in the second transmission slot which occupies fraction of the time. Thus, the primary and secondary systems will not interfere with each other. We study the joint optimization of time and bandwidth allocation such that the transmission rate of the secondary system is maximized, while guaranteeing the primary system to achieve its target rate. Simulation results confirm efficiency of the proposed spectrum sharing strategy, and the significant performance improvement of the cognitive system.

In the Labyrinth of Memory Cultural Representations About the Warsaw Rising of 1945 in Polish Film and Media Narration

The Warsaw Uprising is one of the events key to understanding not only the history of Poland but also Central Europe and World War II. The Uprising shows that the war was not a simple fight of good against evil （as it often perceived in Western Europe） but that in fact three sides, each with different goals, were involved--two totalitarian systems and the world of Western democracies. Memory is a phenomenon that is directly related to the present; our perception of the past is always influenced by the present. The aim of the author＇s presentation is to examine how the collective memory of Polish people about the Warsaw Rising was changing. The author would argue that the remembrance of this event is situated between the communicative memory and cultural memory. To prove it, the author will examine two movies： Sewer （1956） by Andrzej Wajda, Eroica （1956） by Andrzej Munk, and the narrative exhibition of the Warsaw Rising Museum.

Question of the status quo and countermeasure exit in the China Business Network Marketing

In the application process of the Internet and network marketing, many Chinese companies are actively engaged in practice, and after an exploratory period of time, companies accumulated some experience in a representative model. Such as： Chinese companies have a combination with traditional marketing and purchase advanced software model and then implemented through secondary development, they also change management ideas and systems, etc. These experiences and models can provide an effective and common reference for enterprise＇ s development of China＇ s e-commerce.

在感动中升华心灵——写在开办《感动校园》栏目之前

"发现感动、传播感动、持续感动",从本期开始,吉林省高校工委宣传部、吉林省教育厅高校思政处与本刊联合开办的《感动校园》栏目正式开栏,主办单位将在未来的浓情岁月中,与广大教职员工、广大学子一起寻找感动、感受震撼。《感动校园》栏目先期采取逐级推选的方式,逐步面向全省高校、面向广大校园记者公开征集感动校园人物。相关部门个人可以通过所在学校推荐或自荐的形式与我们联系。

单跨门式刚架抗连续性倒塌设计研究

单跨门式刚架在偶然荷载作用下局部构件(梁或柱)失效引起整体结构的连续性倒塌具有突发性、不可预测性等特点,并且所造成的破坏性强、危害性大、影响深远,在设计中应引起足够重视。以"备用荷载路径法"为指导,利用数值分析方法研究了结构倒塌,并以一典型物流类单跨门式刚架为例,采用通用有限元分析软件ANSYS对结构进行弹塑性静力分析,深入地认识结构的倒塌过程及荷载-位移变化特征。最后基于"二次传力路径法"的设计思想,通过增加冗余构件和增设备用传力路径,提出了门式刚架纵向加强抗倒塌解决方案,并通过方案比选,得到简单易行、合理有效、经济适用的最优方案。

Generalized constructal optimization for the secondary cooling process of slab continuous casting based on entransy theory

Based on constructal theory and entransy theory,a generalized constructal optimization of a solidification heat transfer process of slab continuous casting for a specified total water flow rate in the secondary cooling zone was carried out.A complex function was taken as the optimization objective to perform the casting.The complex function was composed of the functions of the entransy dissipation and surface temperature gradient of the slab.The optimal water distribution at the sections of the secondary cooling zone were obtained.The effects of the total water flow rate in the secondary cooling zone,casting speed,superheat and water distribution on the generalized constructal optimizations of the secondary cooling process were analyzed.The results show that on comparing the optimization results obtained based on the optimal water distributions of the 8 sections in the secondary cooling zone with those based on the initial ones,the complex function and the functions of the entransy dissipation and surface temperature gradient after optimization decreased by 43.25%,5.90%and 80.60%,respectively.The quality and energy storage of the slab had obviously improved in this case.The complex function,composed of the functions of the entransy dissipation and surface temperature gradient of the slab,was a compromise between the internal and surface temperature gradients of the slab.Essentially,it is also the compromise between energy storage and quality of the slab.The"generalized constructal optimization"based on the minimum complex function can provide an optimal alternative scheme from the point of view of improving energy storage and quality for the parameter design and dynamic operation of the solidification heat transfer process of slab continuous casting.

Multidiscipline collaborative optimization of differential steering system of electric vehicle with motorized wheels

Based on the multidiscipline design optimization theory, a multidiscipline collaborative optimization model of the differential steering system of electric vehicle with motorized wheels is built, with the steering economy as the main system and the steering road feel, the steering flexibility and the mechanic character of the steering sensors as the subsystems. Considering the coupled relationship of each discipline, the main system is optimized by the multi-island algorithm and the subsystems are optimized by the sequential quadratic programming algorithm. The simulation results show that the steering economy can be optimized by the collaborative optimization, and that the system can get good steering road feel, good steering flexibility and good mechanic character of the steering sensors.

Effects of seed morphology and orientation on secondary seed dispersal by wind

Understanding how diaspore(hereafter‘seed’)morphology and orientation affect secondary seed dispersal by wind is important to link seed dispersal and post-dispersal processes,such as seed lodging,predation and germination.This study aims to describe the effects of seed morphology and orientation on secondary seed dispersal by wind via mechanistic modelling.We extend the mechanistic model of Schurr et al.(2005)in order to describe how secondary seed dispersal by wind is affected by wind conditions,ground surface,seed morphology and orientation.The model simulates the initial landing orientations,dispersal distances and stopping orientations of individual seeds.To parameterize the model,we measured orientation-specific vertical seed projection and seed lift-off velocity(the wind speed at which a seed starts moving on the ground)of the asymmetric seeds of heterocarpous Zygophyllum xanthoxylon,and determined orientation-specific model parameters that depend on properties of seeds and/or the environment.To validate the model,we conducted wind channel experiments in which we released seeds of Z.xanthoxylon onto a sand-coated tar paper,and recorded the initial landing orientations,dispersal distances and stopping orientations of the seeds.The extended model could precisely predict secondary dispersal distance,and explain up to 99%of variation in the observed proportions of seeds which stopped in various orientations.The model predicts that secondary dispersal distance increases with wind speed and decreases with aerodynamic roughness length,and that there might be a positive correlation between dispersal distance and germination success.

Nerve pulse propagation in biological membranes： Solitons and other invariant solutions

We investigate a generalized form of the Boussinesq equation, relevant for nerve pulse propagation in biological membranes. The generalized conditional symmetry （GCS） method is applied in order to obtain the conditions that enable the equation to admit a special class of second-order GCSs. For the case of quadratic nonlinearities, we outline a new class of invariant solutions.