【目的】研究鸡gga-mir-1658前体区基因遗传变异/单倍型及其在品种间的分布,分析其对micro RNA二级茎环结构和靶基因选择的影响,旨在筛选其中具有潜在生物学功能的变异位点,为进一步揭示其对gga-mir-1658基因表达调控的影响及表型效应...【目的】研究鸡gga-mir-1658前体区基因遗传变异/单倍型及其在品种间的分布,分析其对micro RNA二级茎环结构和靶基因选择的影响,旨在筛选其中具有潜在生物学功能的变异位点,为进一步揭示其对gga-mir-1658基因表达调控的影响及表型效应奠定基础。【方法】根据鸡gga-mir-1658基因组序列(Gen Bank登录号:NR_035151.1)设计一对特异性引物,采用PCR产物直接测序的方法,对太行鸡(95只)、北京油鸡(83只)和来航鸡(42只)3个鸡种220只个体的gga-mir-1658基因前体区进行多态性检测。使用DNAman、MEGA和mfold软件进行pre-gga-mir-1658基因组序列的比对分析和二级结构模拟。通过SHEsis软件和Haploview软件进行配对连锁不平衡分析和单倍型分析。使用mi Randa软件对gga-mir-1658的靶基因及其复合物自由能变化进行预测分析。【结果】在pre-gga-mir-1658基因共发现6个变异位点,其中次要等位基因频率≥5%位点有g.28 C>G、g.31C>T、g.70 G>A和g.71 G>–,4个变异位点均定位于gga-mir-1658基因成熟体的种子区。遗传变异特征分析显示,g.70 G>A位点表现为低度多态(PIC<0.25),其余3个位点均表现为中度多态(0.25<PIC<0.50)。适合性检验表明,除了来航鸡的g.31 C>T、g.71 G>–位点、太行鸡的g.71 G>–位点以及北京油鸡的g.70 G>A位点之外,其他变异位点在各鸡种均处于哈代-温伯格平衡状态(P>0.05)。连锁不平衡和单倍型分析表明,各突变位点之间存在弱连锁平衡;从3个品种鸡中共检测到11种单倍型,其中H1(C C G–)和H11(G T G G)是群体的优势单倍型,频率均大于25%。生物信息学分析表明,种子区的突变可影响gga-mir-1658基因前体二级结构的空间构型和自由能,其中H6单倍型突变体的自由能最高(41.00 kcal·mol-1),H2和H5单倍型突变体的自由能最低(35.70 kcal·mol-1);群体的优势单倍型H1和H11突变体的自由能分别为-36.10和40.04 kcal·mol-1。gga-mir-1658基因不同单倍型成熟体种子区序列存在差异,在gga-mir-1658-5p存在"AUACCAU"、"AUACCAC"2种种子区序列,gga-mir-1658-3p共有"AACUCUG"、"AGCUGUG"、"AACUGUG"和"AGCUCUG"4种种子区序列。针对gga-mir-1658的预测靶基因的生物信息学分析显示,它们主要在基因表达调控、细胞凋亡、免疫系统的发育和B细胞激活等基本生物学过程中显著富集;此外,种子区变化可以影响gga-mir-1658成熟体对靶基因的选择。【结论】(1)gga-mir-1658基因种子区存在4个具有潜在生物学功能和表型效应的突变位点,可组成11种单倍型,其中H1(C C G–)和H11(G T G G)在北京油鸡、太行鸡和来航鸡为优势单倍型。(2)种子区突变影响gga-mir-1658基因前体二级结构的稳定性和靶基因的选择,可能是具有潜在表型效应的重要功能位点。展开更多
In this paper, classification models are used as tools to make final decision. Fuzzy method provides the mathematical tools for quantitative analysis and dealing with ambiguous concepts. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AH...In this paper, classification models are used as tools to make final decision. Fuzzy method provides the mathematical tools for quantitative analysis and dealing with ambiguous concepts. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to obtain the weight of each index and enables examiners to visualize the decision process and obtain more reasonable evaluation values to solve some problems. An example is given at the end of this paper.展开更多
The secondary structure of different Iβ cellulose was analyzed by a molecular dynamics sim- ulation with MARTINI coarse-grained force field, where each chain of the cellulose includes 40 D-glucoses units. Calculation...The secondary structure of different Iβ cellulose was analyzed by a molecular dynamics sim- ulation with MARTINI coarse-grained force field, where each chain of the cellulose includes 40 D-glucoses units. Calculation gives a satisfied description about the secondary structure of the cellulose. As the chain number increasing, the cellulose becomes the form of a helix, with the diameter of screw growing and spiral rising. Interestingly, the celluloses with chain number N of 4, 6, 24 and 36 do show right-hand twisting. On the contrast, the celluloses with N of 8, 12, 16 chains are left-hand twisting. These simulations indicate that the cellulose with chain number larger than 36 will break down to two parts. Besides, the result indicates that 36-chains cellulose model is the most stable among all models. Furthermore, the Lennard-Jones potential determines the secondary structure. In addition, an equation was set up to analyze the twisting structure.展开更多
One of the major obstacles facing the field of structural biology in the post genomic era is the inherent difficulty of analyzing the structure of membrane proteins under native conditions. The method of choice for st...One of the major obstacles facing the field of structural biology in the post genomic era is the inherent difficulty of analyzing the structure of membrane proteins under native conditions. The method of choice for studying such proteins is FTIR spectroscopy. Following the outbreaking of the severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS） virus, in 2003, extensive work has been directed at elucidating the structure of the E transmembrane proteins of the SARS coronavirus. In this study, the secondary structure of the transmembrane a-helical bundles was analysised using the biophysical method site specific infrared dichroism （SSID）. Sixteen amino acids were isotopically labeled with （~3C=180） at different positions of the primary structure of the synthesized E protein CoV. The secondary structure was studied using Attenuated Total Internal Reflection （ATR） FTIR spectroscopy. Based on our findings, the presence of two possible H-bonding interactions between the carbonyl oxygen of two residues 26 and 31 （Phe and Leu） respectively with water molecules which may be trapped within the helix structure were postulatesed. These interactions may cause a change in this structure.展开更多
Biogas upgrading for removing CO2 and other trace components from raw biogas is a necessary step before the biogas to be used as a vehicle fuel or supplied to the natural gas grid. In this work, three technologies for...Biogas upgrading for removing CO2 and other trace components from raw biogas is a necessary step before the biogas to be used as a vehicle fuel or supplied to the natural gas grid. In this work, three technologies for biogas upgrading, i.e., pressured water scrubbing(PWS), monoethanolamine aqueous scrubbing(MAS) and ionic liquid scrubbing(ILS), are studied and assessed in terms of their energy consumption and environmental impacts with the process simulation and green degree method. A non-random-two-liquid and Henry's law property method for a CO2 separation system with ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide([bmim][Tf2N]) is established and verified with experimental data. The assessment results indicate that the specific energy consumption of ILS and PWS is almost the same and much less than that of MAS. High purity CO2 product can be obtained by MAS and ILS methods, whereas no pure CO2 is recovered with the PWS. For the environmental aspect, ILS has the highest green degree production value, while MAS and PWS produce serious environmental impacts.展开更多
文摘【目的】研究鸡gga-mir-1658前体区基因遗传变异/单倍型及其在品种间的分布,分析其对micro RNA二级茎环结构和靶基因选择的影响,旨在筛选其中具有潜在生物学功能的变异位点,为进一步揭示其对gga-mir-1658基因表达调控的影响及表型效应奠定基础。【方法】根据鸡gga-mir-1658基因组序列(Gen Bank登录号:NR_035151.1)设计一对特异性引物,采用PCR产物直接测序的方法,对太行鸡(95只)、北京油鸡(83只)和来航鸡(42只)3个鸡种220只个体的gga-mir-1658基因前体区进行多态性检测。使用DNAman、MEGA和mfold软件进行pre-gga-mir-1658基因组序列的比对分析和二级结构模拟。通过SHEsis软件和Haploview软件进行配对连锁不平衡分析和单倍型分析。使用mi Randa软件对gga-mir-1658的靶基因及其复合物自由能变化进行预测分析。【结果】在pre-gga-mir-1658基因共发现6个变异位点,其中次要等位基因频率≥5%位点有g.28 C>G、g.31C>T、g.70 G>A和g.71 G>–,4个变异位点均定位于gga-mir-1658基因成熟体的种子区。遗传变异特征分析显示,g.70 G>A位点表现为低度多态(PIC<0.25),其余3个位点均表现为中度多态(0.25<PIC<0.50)。适合性检验表明,除了来航鸡的g.31 C>T、g.71 G>–位点、太行鸡的g.71 G>–位点以及北京油鸡的g.70 G>A位点之外,其他变异位点在各鸡种均处于哈代-温伯格平衡状态(P>0.05)。连锁不平衡和单倍型分析表明,各突变位点之间存在弱连锁平衡;从3个品种鸡中共检测到11种单倍型,其中H1(C C G–)和H11(G T G G)是群体的优势单倍型,频率均大于25%。生物信息学分析表明,种子区的突变可影响gga-mir-1658基因前体二级结构的空间构型和自由能,其中H6单倍型突变体的自由能最高(41.00 kcal·mol-1),H2和H5单倍型突变体的自由能最低(35.70 kcal·mol-1);群体的优势单倍型H1和H11突变体的自由能分别为-36.10和40.04 kcal·mol-1。gga-mir-1658基因不同单倍型成熟体种子区序列存在差异,在gga-mir-1658-5p存在"AUACCAU"、"AUACCAC"2种种子区序列,gga-mir-1658-3p共有"AACUCUG"、"AGCUGUG"、"AACUGUG"和"AGCUCUG"4种种子区序列。针对gga-mir-1658的预测靶基因的生物信息学分析显示,它们主要在基因表达调控、细胞凋亡、免疫系统的发育和B细胞激活等基本生物学过程中显著富集;此外,种子区变化可以影响gga-mir-1658成熟体对靶基因的选择。【结论】(1)gga-mir-1658基因种子区存在4个具有潜在生物学功能和表型效应的突变位点,可组成11种单倍型,其中H1(C C G–)和H11(G T G G)在北京油鸡、太行鸡和来航鸡为优势单倍型。(2)种子区突变影响gga-mir-1658基因前体二级结构的稳定性和靶基因的选择,可能是具有潜在表型效应的重要功能位点。
文摘In this paper, classification models are used as tools to make final decision. Fuzzy method provides the mathematical tools for quantitative analysis and dealing with ambiguous concepts. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to obtain the weight of each index and enables examiners to visualize the decision process and obtain more reasonable evaluation values to solve some problems. An example is given at the end of this paper.
文摘The secondary structure of different Iβ cellulose was analyzed by a molecular dynamics sim- ulation with MARTINI coarse-grained force field, where each chain of the cellulose includes 40 D-glucoses units. Calculation gives a satisfied description about the secondary structure of the cellulose. As the chain number increasing, the cellulose becomes the form of a helix, with the diameter of screw growing and spiral rising. Interestingly, the celluloses with chain number N of 4, 6, 24 and 36 do show right-hand twisting. On the contrast, the celluloses with N of 8, 12, 16 chains are left-hand twisting. These simulations indicate that the cellulose with chain number larger than 36 will break down to two parts. Besides, the result indicates that 36-chains cellulose model is the most stable among all models. Furthermore, the Lennard-Jones potential determines the secondary structure. In addition, an equation was set up to analyze the twisting structure.
文摘One of the major obstacles facing the field of structural biology in the post genomic era is the inherent difficulty of analyzing the structure of membrane proteins under native conditions. The method of choice for studying such proteins is FTIR spectroscopy. Following the outbreaking of the severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS） virus, in 2003, extensive work has been directed at elucidating the structure of the E transmembrane proteins of the SARS coronavirus. In this study, the secondary structure of the transmembrane a-helical bundles was analysised using the biophysical method site specific infrared dichroism （SSID）. Sixteen amino acids were isotopically labeled with （~3C=180） at different positions of the primary structure of the synthesized E protein CoV. The secondary structure was studied using Attenuated Total Internal Reflection （ATR） FTIR spectroscopy. Based on our findings, the presence of two possible H-bonding interactions between the carbonyl oxygen of two residues 26 and 31 （Phe and Leu） respectively with water molecules which may be trapped within the helix structure were postulatesed. These interactions may cause a change in this structure.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB733506,2014CB744306)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21036007,51274183)
文摘Biogas upgrading for removing CO2 and other trace components from raw biogas is a necessary step before the biogas to be used as a vehicle fuel or supplied to the natural gas grid. In this work, three technologies for biogas upgrading, i.e., pressured water scrubbing(PWS), monoethanolamine aqueous scrubbing(MAS) and ionic liquid scrubbing(ILS), are studied and assessed in terms of their energy consumption and environmental impacts with the process simulation and green degree method. A non-random-two-liquid and Henry's law property method for a CO2 separation system with ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide([bmim][Tf2N]) is established and verified with experimental data. The assessment results indicate that the specific energy consumption of ILS and PWS is almost the same and much less than that of MAS. High purity CO2 product can be obtained by MAS and ILS methods, whereas no pure CO2 is recovered with the PWS. For the environmental aspect, ILS has the highest green degree production value, while MAS and PWS produce serious environmental impacts.
