二级环流反应器中收缩-膨胀隔板的性能优化

通过在二级环流反应器两级之间安装具有收缩-膨胀形状的隔板,可以有效减小两级之间的液相回流流量,但同时会增加流体流动阻力。为了在减小液相回流流量的前提下减小流动阻力,本研究对隔板进行优化设计。首先通过模拟计算获得不同隔板下的压降和液相回流流量,随后对数据进行拟合,得到压降、液相回流流量与结构参数的关联式。计算结果表明当表观气速较小时,隔板宽度对压降影响较大,高度的影响较小。表观气速增大时,隔板高度对压降的影响变大。在所有气速下,隔板宽度是影响液相回流流量的决定因素。最后通过多目标优化,获得了在不同表观气速下最优隔板的Pareto前沿。

半干旱区植被减少与城市化对大气的局地和非局地影响的数值模拟

利用中尺度模式对一半干旱地区植被和下垫面发生改变后大气产生的局地和非局地的响应进行了模拟分析。结果表明,植被变化对区域内温度的影响比较复杂,并有明显的日变化。相比与区域城市化形成的强而稳定的增温中心,植被减少只会在区域形成较弱而间断的增温中心并敏感地依赖于地面净能量在感热、潜热和土壤热通量之间的分配。区域内植被变化和下垫面特性的改变导致的局地温度变化在背景风场的作用下向区域外传播,其传播的细节与风场的特征和地形密切相关。在适当的环流背景下,迎风坡下垫面改变导致的温度变化可在背景风场的输送下,绕过很高的山脊在背风坡形成一个持久的变温中心。植被减少导致的变温中心会在原有的环流形式上叠加一个强迫的二级环流。在中等风速条件下,近地面约1K的区域变温所造成的二级环流深度可达到1.1 km。区域植被的减少,一方面减少了地面向上的水汽输送,导致了区域内气柱水汽含量的减少;另一方面增温引起的强迫二级环流会使区域外水汽向内输送,部分地补偿了地面向上输送水汽的减少,但是二者总体的效果是区域内的气柱水汽总量减少。在实验区域之外,上风向趋于增湿而下风向趋于减湿。

Control of Secondary Flow in a Low Solidity Circular Cascade Diffuser

According to the previous experimental works on the low solidity circular cascade diffuser (LSD), a pressure recovery of a centrifugal blower was improved by the LSD significantly in a wide range of flow rate, and the pres-sure recovery was improved further by the LSD with a tandem cascade in comparison with the LSD with a sin-gle-row cascade. In the present study, the flow behavior in the LSD with the tandem cascade has been analyzed numerically by using the commercial CFD code of ANSYS-CFX12. It was shown clearly that the higher pressure recovery was achieved by applying the LSD with the tandem cascade, and the high pressure recovery is based on the high pressure rise in the vaneless space upstream of the LSD and the high blade loading of the front blade of the LSD. The high pressure recovery in the LSD could be achieved by controlling the flow separation on the suc-tion surface of the front blade and also on that of the rear blade due to formation of the favorable secondary flow and due to increase in mass flow passing through the slit section between the front and rear blades.