酸性离子液体催化脂肪酸甲酯聚合制备二聚酸甲酯

以Brnsted-Lewis酸性离子液体为催化剂,用于催化生物柴油中不饱和脂肪酸甲酯聚合制备二聚酸甲酯反应,考察了催化剂种类、催化剂用量、反应温度和时间等因素对聚合反应性能的影响,得到较佳的反应条件.结果表明,当以1-(3-磺酸)-丙基-3-甲基咪唑氯锌酸盐[HO3S-(CH2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl2(ZnCl2摩尔分数为0.67)为催化剂,生物柴油15g,m(生物柴油):m(离子液体)=15:1,于240oC下反应6h时,二聚酸甲酯收率为63.2%,其中三聚体含量小于5%.另外,该催化剂重复使用5次后,二聚酸甲酯收率仍超过63%,表明其具有较好的重复使用性能.离子液体的Brnsted和Lewis酸位的协同效应显著提高了其催化活性.

废弃油脂脂肪酸甲酯制备二聚酸甲酯聚合工艺研究

以废弃油脂制备的脂肪酸甲酯为原料进行聚合反应,产物经分子蒸馏后得到单体酸甲酯(生物柴油)和二聚酸甲酯。研究了催化剂加入量、反应温度和反应时间等因素对聚合反应产品收率和质量的影响。结果表明,聚合反应适宜的工艺条件为:催化剂加入量为脂肪酸甲酯质量的10%,反应温度240℃,反应时间8 h。在此条件下,二聚酸甲酯产率达到74.0%,粗产品经提纯后二聚酸甲酯含量为90.7%。自制片状活性白土催化剂活性好,催化剂与产品容易分离,产品夹带损失少。

分子筛催化合成二聚酸甲酯

制备了一系列硅铝分子筛,并对它们的结构进行了表征。以自制的脂肪酸甲酯为原料,将硅铝分子筛用于催化合成二聚酸甲酯的反应。研究表明,Al-MCM-41(Si/Al=120)分子筛的催化效果较好,二聚体得率可达40%,此工艺为二聚酸甲酯的合成工艺提供了一条新的生产路线。

生物柴油联产环氧二聚酸甲酯增塑剂新技术

以生物柴油为原料,利用生物柴油存在双键结构的特点,将部分双键组分进行二聚化及环氧化反应,形成了生物柴油联产环氧二聚酸甲酯(EDAME)新技术。在二聚化反应条件为240℃/6h下,研究了催化剂种类、油脂双键组分含量对二聚化反应程度的影响,探索了二聚化反应对生物柴油燃烧性能的影响。获得了二聚化得率为28%(硅酸铝为催化剂)的较佳结果。通过二聚化反应后生物柴油十六烷值比较,发现:二聚化反应后,未参与反应的生物柴油的十六烷值变化不大,二聚化反应不影响生物柴油燃烧性能。考察了EDAME与对苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOTP)共混对PVC的增塑效果。通过对共混塑化体系进行力学性能、热重和流变性能表征,结果表明,当EDAME的含量为20%时,断裂伸长率提高了2.62%;当EDAME全部替代DOTP时,Ti、T10和T50分别提高了6.5℃、9.9℃和26.8℃,残炭量由8.7%升高到11.7%;动态热稳定时间增加,相比于单独使用DOTP,EDAME含量为20%时的平衡扭矩由3.8N·m减小到3.2N·m,从而改善了热塑材料的加工性能。由此可见,EDAME可以部分替代DOTP,作为一种环保可再生的优良辅助增塑剂使用。同时,生物柴油联产环氧二聚酸甲酯新技术有助于提高生物柴油生产线综合经济效益,具有广阔的市场推广前景。

二聚酸甲酯的合成研究

研究了以自制的脂肪酸甲酯为原料、几种不同催化剂催化合成二聚酸甲酯的反应。结果表明,用活性白土作催化剂,用量(质量分数)为脂肪酸甲酯的10%,反应温度240℃,反应时间6h的条件下,二聚酸甲酯的收率可达到39%。此工艺为二聚酸甲酯的合成提供了一条新的路线。

膨润土催化脂肪酸甲酯合成二聚酸甲酯的工艺优化

利用响应面方法优化膨润土催化脂肪酸甲酯合成二聚酸甲酯的工艺参数,得到最优参数为:催化剂加入量10%,催化助剂LiCl 0.8%,反应温度220℃,反应时间6 h。在最优条件下,二聚体收率为64.8%,产物的理化特性分析显示各项性能指标优良。

粗二聚酸甲酯碱炼脱色研究

实验以NaOH稀溶液对粗二聚酸甲酯进行碱炼脱色研究。考察了温度、NaOH溶液浓度及碱液/粗酯质量比等因素对碱炼脱色效果的影响。结果表明,粗二聚酸甲酯碱炼脱色的适宜工艺条件为:温度为50℃,NaOH溶液浓度为0.15 mol/L,m(碱液):m(粗酯)=1.2:1。在该条件下,二聚酸甲酯色泽可由碱炼脱色前的14降至9,收率达82.9%。

Study on ternary polymerization of toluene diisocyanate

For the production of reactive polyurethane cross-linkinger and curing agents, 2, 4-diisocyanate toluene （TDI） terpolymer, which possesses the rigid structures of hexatomic ring and three reactive functional groups, was synthesized and characterized by the Fourier transform infrared （FFIR）, the gel permeation chromatography （GPC） and the chemical analysis methods. The reaction conditions were studied and optimized. A tracking research on the polymerization process of TDI was taken by using the GPC. The formation processes of the terpolymer, oligomers and higher-polymers were also dealt with. Results show that the TDI terpolymer can be prepared in the presence of Cat-3 catalyst and at the reaction temperature of （60 ±2）℃. The reaction time is short, its outcomes have narrow molecular weights distribution, namely molecular weights from 530 to 550, Mw/Mn =1.10, and the mass fraction of NCO is （25. 0 ± 0. 5）%. With the reaction time prolonging, however, TDI can be further higher-polymedzed to form higher-polymers. Benzoyl chloride （0. 4%, mass fraction）, as the stabilizing agent, can effectively inhibit the occurrence of higher-polymerization. The obtained TDI terpolymer can be stable for more than half a year.

IN-SITU POLYMERIZED SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF NANO-ZnO/PEG/PET COMPOSITE

Nano-ZnO particle （nZnOp） reinforced polyethylene glycol （PEG）/polyethylene terephthalate （PET） （nZnOp/PEG/PET） copolymeric composites with different mass fractions and molecular weights of PEG are synthesized via in-situ polymerization. The dispersion of nZnOp in copolymer matrixes and the effects of PEG and nZnOp particles on the crystallization behavior of the composites are studied by TEM, differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）, XRD and Fourier thansform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR ）. The results reveal that nZnOp particles are dispersed in the matrixes with nano-scale, and the addition of PEG induces more homogeneous dispersion of nZnOp. Simultaneously, these nanoparticles become nucleating centers during the crystallization of the matrixes. PEG segments can improve the flexibility of the PET molecular chain, resulting in the drop of the cold crystallization temperature and the rise of the crystallization rate of the composites. Furthermore, PEG （4 000） with the mass fraction of 10% can promote the crystallization rate of the composites. The mechanical properties show that the nano-particles strengthen and toughen the PET matrix, whereas PEG weakens these improve- ments.

Simultaneous Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate and Poly（ethylene terephthalate） Using Alkali Metals as Catalysts

Dimethyl carbonate （DMC） and poly（ethylene terephthalate） was simultaneously synthesized by the transesterification of ethylene carbonate （EC） with dimethyl terephthalate （DMT） in this paper. This reaction is an excellent green chemical process without poisonous substance. Various alkali metals were used as the catalysts. The results showed alkali metals had catalytic activity in a certain extent. The effect of reaction condition was also studied. When the reaction was carded out under the following conditions： the reaction temperature 250℃, molar ratio of EC to DMT 3 ： 1, reaction time 3h, and catalyst amount 0.004 （molar ratio to DMT）, the yield of DMC was 68.9%.

Recycling and depolymerization of waste polyethylene terephthalate bottles by alcohol alkali hydrolysis

In this work,a novel alcohol alkali hydrolysis method was explored for the preparation of terephthalic acid(TPA)from waste polyethylene terephthalate(PET).First,a series of single factor experiments on the depolymerization rate of waste PET bottles and the yield of TPA were conducted to determine the optimized experimental conditions,in terms of reaction time,reaction temperature,dosage of ethylene glycol and sodium bicarbonate,amount of distilled water and stirring rate.Then IR spectra and elemental analysis were carried out for the characterization of obtained product.Under optimal experimental conditions,over 98%PET can be depolymerized into the target product(TPA)and the purity and yield of TPA are over 97%and 94%,respectively.Both the experimental and analytical results support a feasible process for the preparation of TPA from waste PET.It is expected that this alcohol alkali hydrolysis method can promise an effective way for the sustainable recycling of waste PET.

Alkylpolyglycoside inducing poly (butylene terephthalate) non-woven graft copolymerization of chitosan

In order to improve the wettability and biocompatibility of the poly （butylene terephthalate） non-woven （PBTNW）, the method of surface modification is used to graft copolymerization of chitosan （CS） onto the PBTNW under alkylpolyglycoside （APG） inducing. The product is thoroughly characterized with the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FrIR）, the electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis （ESCA）, the thermogravimetric （TG） and the scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. It is found that chitosan is successfully grafted onto PBTNW. In addition, the water contact angles, hemolysis tests and cytotoxicity evaluation tests show an improvement in wettability and biocompatihility as a result of graft copolymerization of chitosan. So the CS-grafted PBTNW exhibits greater superiority than the original PBTNW. The CS-grafted PBTNW can be a candidate for blood filter materials and other medical applications.

Nonisothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Copolyester

Nonisothermal crystallization behavior of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)(PBAT) synthesized via direct esterification and polycondensation reactions was investigated by the differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).The Avrami equation modified by Jeziorny and the Z.S.Mo equation were employed to describe the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of copolyester samples.The test results showed that the Avrami equation was successful in describing nonisothermal crystallization process of PBAT copolyesters.PBAT copolyester could give birth to secondary crystallization.The crystallization parameter(Zc) increased with an increasing cooling rate and the Avrami exponent(n) was around 2.3.For a given cooling rate,the value of Zc demonstrated a sagging trend with an increase in adipic acid(AA) content.The equation proposed by Z.S.Mo was successful in describing the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of PBAT copolyesters.

Effect of dosage of expandable graphite,dimethyl methylphosphonate,triethanolamine,and isocyanate on fluidity,mechanical,and flame retardant properties of polyurethane materials in coal reinforcement

In this study,orthogonal experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of expandable graphite(EG),dimethyl methylphosphonate(DMMP),triethanolamine(TEA),and isocyanate content on the compressive and bonding strengths,oxygen index,and fluidity of rigid polyurethane foam(RPUF).The results revealed that EG significantly increased the oxygen index of RPUF,enlarged the diameter of foam cells,and decreased the cell-closed content in foam;thus,leading to a pressure drop in RPUF.However,excessive EG was capable of reducing the fluidity of polyurethane slurry.TEA exhibited significant influence on the compressive strength of RPUF,which dropped initially,and then increased.DMMP had a remarkable effect on the flame retardant property and compressive strength of RPUF.Compressive strength of RPUF initially displayed an increase followed by a decrease with increasing dosage of DMMP,and achieved the maximum value at DMMP dosage of 4%.DMMP could effectively reduce the diameter of RPUF cells leading to an increase in the percentage of close area in foam.DMMP displayed the flame-retardation effects mainly in the gas phase leading to a significant enhancement in the oxygen index of RPUF.Moreover,the compressive strength and bonding strength of RPUF decrease significantly with the increase of isocyanate content due to the increased blowing efficiency by the CO_2.The oxygen index and flowing length of foam increased with the increase in isocyanate dosage.

A Structure-properties Study of MDI-based Hydrophilic Polyether-polyester Polyurethane

A series of segmented polyether-polyester polyurethane with amorphous hydrophilic soft segment domains were prepared from 4,4'- diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), polybutylene adipate (Glycol) 2000 (PBA2000), and polyethylene glycol 1000 (PEG1000), with 1,4-butanediol (BDO) as the chain extender. Furthermore, several representative properties of the polyurethanes, such as moisture permeability, water resistance, hydrophilic property, and phase inversion temperature, were investigated. The studies show that the structure and concentration of soft segment have a remarkable effect on the main application properties of polyurethane. On the contrary, the functional properties of the polyurethane are almost not affected by its hard segment.

Preparation and Properties of a New Type of Poly(butylene-terephthalate)with Layered Silicate Nanocomposites

In this paper, poly(butylene-terephthalate)-layered silicate of clay nanocomposites (NPBT) are reported. Their thermal properties, heat distortion temperature (HDT) and crystallization nucleation are investigated. NPBT samples have apparent viscosity over 0.85, HDT of 30℃ to 50℃ higher than that of poly (butylene-terephthalate) (PBT) for clay load from 1.0% to 10.0% (by mass), and higher capability to accommodate clay than other polymers. The nonisothermal crystallization experiments indicate that the better thermal degradation behavior and crystallization rate of NPBT are 50% higher than PBT, and its injection mould processing temperature is lowered from 110℃ to 55℃. NPBT samples are characterized by several techniques. X-ray shows an original clay interlayer distance enlarged from 1.0 nm to 2.5 nm, while both TBM and AFM indicate an average size from 30nm to lOOnm of exfoliated clay layers, and 3%(by mass) of particle agglomeration being phase separated from PBT matrix, which are factors on some mechanical properties decrease of NPBT. The disappearance of spherulitic morphology in NPBT resulted from layers nucleation is detected. Improving NPBT properties by treating clay with long chain organic reagent and controlling the way to load it is suggested.

Properties of Surface Cyclic Oligomers Present on Polyester Fiber

The effects of different treatments, such as dry heat,wet heat, solvent vapor and ultrasonic, on propertiesof the cyclic oligomers on the surface of polyester fiberare studied. The components of surface oligomers areanalyzed through Thin-Layer Chromatograph. Theresult shows that: all of the treatment, especially solvent vapor treatment,call significantly increase the content of surface cyclic oligomers.The content of cyclic triIner is increased more considerably than other oligomers. Moreover,the morphology and thedistribution of surface cyclic oligomers are also different from different treatments:Dry heat and wet heat cause larger polygonal solids distributed evenly on the surface of fiber;solvent vapor nlakes fiber surface exhibit irregular rodlike crystal shapes randomly;ultrasonic treatment induces some obscureand smaller deposi^on the surface of fiber.

Mechariical and Abrasion Properties of Polyethylene Terephthalate Films Coated with SiO2/Epoxy Hybrid Material

Hybrid materials were prepared using a silane coupling agent, tetraethoxysilane （ TEOS ） as the precursor, dilute hydrochloric acid as the catalyst, and epoxy as the matrices. The films coated with hybrid materials were expected to improve abrasion resistance and mechanical properties. The morphology, mechanical properties, adhesion, and abrasion resistance of the polyethylene terephthalate （PET） films were characterized using an atomic force microscope, a tensile testing machine, a bagger knife, and a reciprocating fabric abrasion tester. The result of research indicated that the modification significantly affected the abrasion resistance and roughness. The-tensile strength and abrasion resistance of the modified PET films increased by 40% and 50% respectively at 3 % TEOS mass fraction.

A novel method for fabricating polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic chip master molds

We proposed a novel method of fabricating polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chip polymer master molds in this paper. The method mainly includes two steps. First, a stainless steel slice was laser etched to form a metal model. Then, the organic solution of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was casted onto the metal model to fabricate the PMMA master which subsequently would be used to fabricate PDMS chips. We systematically researched different laser parameters influencing the surface status of microchannels and obtained optimized etching parameters. We investigated and optimized the organic solution composition of PMMA while casting chip masters, and developed a method to form fine polymer masters using two different viscosity solutions to cast the model in turn, and studied the repeatable replication. Then, we investigated physical performance of this chip and evaluated the practicability by analyzing Rhodamine B. Compared with present methods, the proposed method does not need photolithography on photoresistant and chemical etching. The entire fabricating progress is simple, fast, low-cost and can be controlled easily. Only several minutes are required to make a metal model, 3 hours for a PMMA master, and one day for PDMS chips.

Preparation and Properties of Tung Oil-Based Polyurethane

Tung oil-based polyols were synthesized by the esterification and transesterification between Tung oilbased anhydride and butanediol. The hydroxyl values of the polyols prepared were tested and discussed. Polyurethane was prepared by using Tung oil-based polyols and/or poly(propylene glycol) as polyols and by using isophorone diisocyanate as isocyanate. The effect of the ratio of Tung oil-based polyols to poly(propylene glycol) on the properties of polyurethane prepared was investigated by the water resistance, alcohol resistance and hardness tests. The results show that Tung oil-based polyols are effective to improve the hardness, water resistance and alcohol resistance of polyurethane.