补阳参附汤对扩张型心肌病心功能的影响

目的:研究补阳参附汤对扩张型心肌病患者心功能的影响。方法:将50例患者随机分成治疗和对照两组,各25例。治疗组予以补阳参附汤治疗60天,对照组予以二陈汤加减治疗60天。比较两组治疗前后心功能分级、心率、左室射血分数、左室舒张末期内径、X线胸片心胸比率。结果:补阳参附汤能明显提高左室射血分数,明显改善心功能级数、左室舒张末期内径,降低心率、心胸比率,两组比较,P<0.05。结论:补阳参附汤对扩张型心肌病患者有显著的正性肌力作用,增加心排血量,降低周围血管阻力,减少心肌纤维化,提高心肌作功效率,改善缺血心肌氧的供求平衡。

国内外展会信息

2007丝绸之路(中亚新疆)国际建筑建材展览会展览时间:2007年5月10日---2007年5月12日会展场馆:新疆国际博览中心展品范围:卫生陶瓷和浴室精品系列、厨房设施系列、卫浴配件系列、门窗系列、幕墙系列、门窗幕墙系统、天花系列、各类遮阳产品和通风设备、钢铁结构及辅件、各类建筑玻璃、照明灯饰类、室内装饰及织物类、油漆及涂料、装饰工艺品类、石材加工机械设备,建筑机械。

Accounting and Responsibility Allocation on Carbon Emissions Embodied in International Trade

This paper calculated the scale of carbon emissions embodied in the import and export of the world＇s major countries based on input-output principles and international trade data, as well as data on various countries＇carbon emissions in 2005 from domestic consumption and emissions embodied in trade. The results illustrate that, because of international trade, consumers in developed countries should bear the responsibility for a large portion of CO2 emissions. The researchers separated the net transfer balance of embodied emissions in international trade according to four different effects： size effect, exchange rate effect, structural effect, and pure technical effect, all of which favor the sharing of responsibilities between producers and consumers.

Carbon Embodied in International Trade of China and Its Emission Responsibility

Carbon emissions embodied in international trade of China during 1997-2007 are accounted by input-output method based on Chinese input-output table and global trade analysis project database.It is revealed that carbon emissions embodied in imports and exports both increased during 1997-2007,but carbon emissions embodied in exports are greater than those embodied in imports,China is a net export nation in embodied carbon.The net exports of embodied carbon account for about 10.82%of the total carbon emissions in 1997,dropped to 7.15%in 2002,increased to 13.13%in 2006,and slightly dropped to 12.64%in 2007.Low-end position of international industry division is an objective factor of being a net exporter of embodied carbon for China,and usage of a large amount of obsolete energy-using equipments wasted much energy and increased carbon emissions embodied in exports. Importers should take more responsibilities for carbon emissions embodied in trade,and China should take a certain responsibility for unreasonable energy dissipations too.

Effects of interlingual strategies on L2 vocabulary teaching

Based on empirical research and qualitative analysis, this paper aims to explore the effects of interlingual strategies on L2 vocabulary teaching. The results show that, during L2 vocabulary teaching process, the proper application of interlingual strategies can effectively facilitate the memorization of new words, and the bilingual method （both English explanation and Chinese translation） is welcomed by most subjects. Therefore, using L1 as a means of semantization or as a tool for checking and validating L2 learners＇ understanding of word meaning should not be completely rejected, especially for adult Chinese EFL learners.

CO_2 Emissions Embodied in China-U.S.Trade

After the Kyoto Protocol was implemented,carbon leakage exerts great influences on international trade and economy.Trade creates a mechanism for consumers to shift environmental pollution associated with their consumption to other countries.China has overtaken the U.S.as the world's biggest CO2 emitter since 2006.As China's second largest trade partner,the U.S.has the biggest trade deficit with China which has aroused a lot of disputes between the two parties.But so far the assessments of the trade imbalance of China-U.S.have paid little attention to environmental impacts associated with the trade imbalance.Applied an input-output approach,the article estimates the amount of CO2 embodied in China-U.S.trade during 1997-2007.It was found that through trade with China,the U.S.reduced its CO2 emissions compared with a non-trade scenario.Due to the greater carbon-intensity and relatively less efficient production processes of Chinese industry,China-U.S.trade resulted in more CO2 emissions in China and the world.In the end,the article gives some suggestions:it is equal and sustainable that the international accounting methodologies should be improved,for CO2 emissions responsibility must be designed to account for the dynamic nature of international trade.

Twentieth-century Pacific Decadal Oscillation simulated by CMIP5 coupled models

The authors examine the spatial and temporal characteristics of the simulated Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO） in 109 historical （i.e. all forcings） simulations derived from 25 coupled models within CMIPS. Compared with observations, most simulations successfully simulate the observed PDO pattern and its teleconnections to the SSTs in the tropical and southern Pacific. BNU-ESM, CanESM2, CCSM4, CESM 1 -FASTCHEM, FGOALS-g2, GFDL CM3, MIROCS, and NorESM 1 -M show better performance. Compared with the temporal phases of the observed PDO in the twentieth century, only five simulations -- from CNRM^CMS, CSIRO Mk3o6.0, HadCM3, and IPSL-CMSA-LR -- simulate an evolution of the PDO similar to that derived from observation, which suggests that current coupled models can barely reproduce the observed phase shifting of the PDO. To capture characteristics of the observed PDO in the twentieth century, a requirement is that all the relevant external forcings are included in the models. How to add realistic oceanic initial states into the model may be another key point.

Capitalism, Internationalism, and Socialism in Times of Globalization

This paper will mention Marxist propositions, presented since the mid-19th century, about capitalism, socialism, and internationalism. According to Marx, socialism would replace capitalism and internationalism would occur through the dissolution of nation states. Later, Marxist circles presented a historical arrow in the form of 〉 capitalism 〉 socialism 〉 internationalism. Taking into account recent steps of globalization and measures imposed by national governments in the face of the deep financial crisis of 2008, it is interesting to compare the above theory with some historical events that have happened since the 19th century. Much has happened that Marx did not predict. Considering the world trajectory since the Second World War, it seems that the historical arrow has the form of 〉 capitalism 〉 internationalism 〉 hybridism of capitalism and socialism 〉？

Developing Secondary Industry to Drive China＇s Future Growth

Since the second half of the 20th century and especially during the 21st century, world industrialization has experienced a series of historic changes. Although geopolitical changes triggered by political incidents such as the USSR＇s disintegration have played a significant role, the geographical shift of world industrialization has first and foremost been caused by the tipping of the balance of international economic and industrial development. China＇s rise has become a massive engine driving this Eastward transition. Due to its impressive rapidity, China＇s industrialization is often referred to as ＂compressed industrialization ＂： completion of a long journey in a very short period of time. Chinese industrialization also features many distinctive characteristics that contrast with those of many other countries. Currently, China is in a critical stage of industrial development, moving towards world-class advanced manufacturing. Industrialization is a historic period of economic and social restructuring that is often accompanied by various structural imbalances. It is essentially a process of civilization＇s progress. China＇s industrialization is in many ways consistent with Western industrial and technological development, but remains subject to the profound influence of Chinese civilization. China＇s industrialization features unique differences that are deeply rooted in its institutional systems. After 30years of brilliant achievements, reform of China＇s economic andpolitical systems has once again come into the spotlight of public attention.

Lessons from WWII

THERE have always been contradictions between countries around the world.We,however,should not be vexed by them,but instead adopt the right attitude and appropriately respond to them,＂Nakayama Toshio of the Clausewitz Society of Japan said at an international seminar held in Beijing last July to retrospect World War I and II.Mr.Toshio went on to say thatthe hegemony of world!big powers has fallen apart since WWII.

Comparison on global supply chain purchasing strategies based on supply contracts

In the global supply chain in a setting characterized by exchange rate uncertainties,it is quite necessary to focus on comparative research trying to find out which kind of purchasing strategy is better in different situations.The two common global purchasing strategies,risk sharing(RS)and quantity flexibility(QF),are selected to be compared.Using a real-options approach,the valuation models of RS and QF purchasing contracts are established.By means of binomial lattice technique,numerical simulation and sensitivity analysis of two stochastic dynamic programs are presented.The effects on expected discounted value by changing relative parameters are described clearly.Based on comparative analysis,it is concluded that the QF purchasing strategy is better than that of the RS especially where great volatility exists for exchange rate processes in the global supply chain.

The Risk Management of Companies From Timis County Involved in International Business

Rapid internationalization of economic activities following the Second World War has generated an unprecedented increase in international trade and capital flows. For example, only during 1963-1993, exports rose from 157 billion to 3.774 billion dollars. Also the flows of foreign direct investment （FDI） have grown exponentially. Although FDI flows are concentrated on developing countries, 80% being targeted towards 10 countries, capital flows towards the Third World have quadrupled only between 1990 and 1993. This trend towards a truly international economy influences also on how companies do business. International business environment provides many opportunities, as well as threats. Romanian companies need to align to this trend. In addition to identifying new opportunities to do business in foreign markets, they have to deal with specific risks, which they did not have to face when working internally. In this context, we consider necessary to launch an investigation, whose main objective would be analyzing the manner in which Romanian companies manage risks specific to international economic affairs. As the complexity of these businesses is great, and the majority of Romanian companies, in their attempt to internationalize, use classical forms of export-import, the analysis took into account only the export activity undertaken by Romanian companies. We mention that we did not take into account the determination of the exposure to these risks of the companies concerned, but an analysis of the management of those risks. For this analysis, data were collected based on the administration of a questionnaire, and these data were used to develop an econometric model analysis. The specific methods of risk analysis of specific export transactions are then interpreted using the GLOBE model.

CO2 Marginal Abatement Cost and Determinants——An Empirical Analysis of Sample Cities in China

This paper investigates the marginal abatement cost （MAC） of CO： emissions across 104 Chinese cities between 2001 and 2008. Based on parametric directional distance function, this paper discovers that the mean marginal abatement cost of CO2 emissions for sample cities was 967 yuan/ton. In terms of region, CO： marginal abatement cost is significantly higher in China＇s eastern region than in central and western regions; in terms of provincial-level region, it is the highest in Shanghai and the lowest in Shaanxi in terms of city, it is the highest in Shanghai and the lowest in Zhangjiajie with the ratio between their medians being at 48：1; in terms of time, marginal abatement cost has been always on the rise with significant intercity disparities. There is a U-shaped curve relationship between marginal abatement cost of cities and CO2 emissions per unit of GDP, which is negatively correlated with the share of secondary industry and positively correlated with the level of urbanization.

Anticoagulation early after mechanical heart valve replacement

Objective： To explore the changes of coagulation activity and the characters of anticoagulation early after mechanical heart valve replacement. Methods： All patients only took warfarin orally for anticoagulation. The predicted international normalized ratio （INR） was 1.5 to 2.0. Several coagulation markers were monitored early after valve replacement. Complications associated with anticoagulation were recorded and analyzed. The patients were divided into three groups based on the number and position of mechanical valve prothesis, including group M （mitral valve replacement）, group A （aortic valve replacement） and group D （mitral and aortic valve replacement）.Comparison was made between the three groups. Results： Three events of mild cerebral embolism and five events of mild bleeding occurred during the early postoperative period. One patient suffered from mild cerebral embolism on the 4th day after operation, accompanied by large volume of pericardial drainage. Two patients with bleeding had lower INRs than predicted range. However, INR in one patient with mild cerebral embolism was in the predicted range. There was no significant difference in thrombo time （TT）, activated partial thromboplastin time （APTT） and 1NR on the 3rd day after operation compared to those before operation; meanwhile, plasma fibrinogen （FIB） concentration was higher than that before operation （P〈0.05）. 1NR had no significant changes on the 2nd day after the beginning of anticoagulation compared to that before operation; however, 1NR was significantly elevated on the 4th day （P〈0.05）. Warfarin doses and INRs were similar among the three groups, but FIB concentrations in plasma were higher in groups M and D than in group A （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Hypercoagulabale state exists early after mechanical heart valve replacement. When anticoagulation begins is determined by the change of coagulation markers, not by the volume of chest or pericardial drainage. INR can not accurately reflect the coagulation state sometimes, especially during the first 3 days after anticoagulation. The number and position of mechanical valve prothesis could affect coagulation state. Therefore, anticoagulation therapy should be regulated accordingly.

LED Failure Modes Implications in Ex-e Applications

Design reliable and safe LED （light emitting diode） lighting equipment for potentially explosive atmospheres should require knowledge about the possible failure modes of LED sources. Nowadays, LED technology potential is not adequately considered by IECEx （International Electrotechnical Commission system for certification to standards relating to equipment for use in explosive atmospheres） yet. Standards only consider LEDs adequate for Zone 1 when luminary is realized by the Ex-d protection strategy, or ifa big limitation in terms of power is guarantee, for Ex-i mode. In particular, Ex-d LED luminaries are obtained by using heavy, thick and expensive flameproof enclosures, entrusting safety only to the mechanical strength of the case. Luminous efficiency＇s also reduced since the glass used is very thick （10% reduction of approximately every 10 mm of thickness of the glass）. The paper shows a study about different possible causes of LED failure and their implication with explosive atmospheres, investigating whether LED technology can be used safely with other safety strategy like Ex-e, which can guarantee better performance and less cost.

北齐静明等修塔造像石刻探讨

本文探讨北齐静明等修塔造像记中的摩尼教思想及内容,包括二宗三际论和法船、正水等符号性语言。从供养人名表分析该教入华之初的情势,並结合摩尼教东传历史推测传教师智禅师的身份,其中静明等人可能是摩尼教经汉译的先行者。

Global modeling 2^(nd)-order ionospheric delay and its effects on GNSS precise positioning

Ionospheric delay is one of the major error sources in GNSS navigation and positioning.Nowadays,the dual-frequency technique is the most widely used in ionospheric refraction correction.However,dual-frequency measurements can only eliminate the first-order term of ionospheric delay,while the effect of the second-order term on GNSS observations may be several centimeters.In this paper,two models,the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) 2007 and International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) 11 are used to estimate the second-order term through the integral calculation method.Besides,the simplified single layer ionosphere model in a dipole moment approximation for the earth magnetic field is used.Since the traditional integral calculation method requires large calculation load and takes much time,it is not convenient for practical use.Additionally,although the simplified single layer ionosphere model is simple to implement,it results in larger errors.In this study,second-order term ionospheric correction formula proposed by Hoque (2007) is improved for estimating the second-order term at a global scale.Thus,it is more practicable to estimate the second-order term.More importantly,its results have a higher precision of the sub-millimeter level for a global scale in normal conditions.Compared with Hoque's original regional correction model,which calculates coefficients through polynomial fitting of elevation and latitudes,this study proposes a piece-wise look-up table and interpolation technique to modify Hoque model.Through utilizing a table file,the modified Hoque model can be conveniently implemented in an engineering software package,like as PANDA in this study.Through applying the proposed scheme for the second-order ionospheric correction into GNSS precise positioning in both PPP daily and epoch solutions,the results have shown south-shift characteristics in daily solution at a global scale and periodic change with VTEC daily variation in epoch positioning solution.

Multi-objective interplanetary trajectory optimization combining low-thrust propulsion and gravity-assist maneuvers

To expand mission capabilities needed without a proportional increase in cost or risk for exploration of the solar system,the multiple objective trajectory using low-thrust propulsion and gravity-assist technique is considered.However,low-thrust,gravity-assist trajectories pose significant optimization challenges because of their large design space.Here,the planets are selected as primal scientific mission goals,while the asteroids are selected as secondary scientific mission goals,and a global trajectory optimization problem is introduced and formulated.This multi-objective decision making process is transformed into a bi-level programming problem,where the targets like planets with small subsamples but high weight are optimized in up level,and targets like asteroids with large subsamples but low weight are optimized in down level.Then,the selected solutions for bi-level programming are optimized thanks to a cooperative Differential Evolution(DE) algorithm that is developed from the original DE algorithm;in addition,an sequential quadratic programming(SQP) method is used in low-thrust optimization.This solution approach is successfully applied to the simulation case of the multi-objective trajectory design problem.The results obtained are presented and discussed.

Organic light emitting devices employing non-doped structure

A kind of efficient non-doped white organic light-emitting diodes(WOLEDs) were realized by using a bright blue-emitting layer of 4,4-bis(2,2-diphenylvinyl)-1,1-biphenyl(DPVBi) combining with red emitting ultrathin layer of [2-methyl-6-[2-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinolizin-9-yl)ethenyl]-4H-pyran-4-ylidene]propane-dinitrile(DCM2) and green emitting ultrathin layer of 10-(2-benzothiazolyl)-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-1H,5H, 11H(1)-benzopyropyrano(6,7-8-i,j)quinolizin-11-one(C545T) with different thicknesses of 0.05 nm, 0.10 nm and 0.20 nm. For comparing, a doped WOLED was also fabricated, in which C545 T and DCM2 are codoped into DPVBi layer to provide blue, green and red emission for obtaining white emission. The maximum luminance and power efficiency of the doped WOLED are 5 765 cd/m^2 at 16 V and 5.23 lm/W at 5 V, respectively, and its Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage(CIE) coordinate changes from(0.393 7, 0.445 3) at 5 V to(0.300 7, 0.373 8) at 12 V. When the thickness of the ultrathin C545 T layer in non-doped WLEDs increases, the emission luminance increases, but all non-doped devices are in the yellow white region. The device with 0.10-nm-thick C545 T has a maximum efficiency of 15.23 cd/A at 8 V and a maximum power efficiency of 6.51 lm/W at 7 V, and its maximum luminance is 10 620 cd/m^2 at 16 V. CIE coordinates of non-doped WLEDs with C545 T thickness of 0.05 nm, 0.10 nm and 0.20 nm are(0.447 3, 0.455 6),(0.464 0, 0.473 1) and(0.458 4, 0.470 0) at 8 V, respectively.