The surface and adhesion forces between chitosan- coated mica surfaces in an acetic acid buffer solution were measured using a surface force apparatus （SFA）. The force- distance profiles were obtained under differen...The surface and adhesion forces between chitosan- coated mica surfaces in an acetic acid buffer solution were measured using a surface force apparatus （SFA）. The force- distance profiles were obtained under different pressure conditions. It was found that the chitosan was adsorbed on the mica surface and formed a stable nanofilm under acid conditions. The adsorbed chitosan nanofilms induced a short- range monotonically steric force when two such surfaces came close in the acid buffer. The adhesion forces between the two chitosan-coated mica surfaces varied with the loads. Strong adhesion between the two chitosan-coated mica surfaces was observed at high pressure. Such pressure-dependent adhesion properties are most likely related to the molecular configurations and hydrogen bonds reordering under high confinement.展开更多
The Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparisons Project (CFMIP) Observation Simulator Package (COSP) is adopted in the Grid-point Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG (GAMIL2) during CFMIP at Phase II to evaluate the model cloud f...The Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparisons Project (CFMIP) Observation Simulator Package (COSP) is adopted in the Grid-point Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG (GAMIL2) during CFMIP at Phase II to evaluate the model cloud fractions in a consistent way with satellite observations. The cloud simulation results embedded in the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) control experiment are presented using three satellite simulators: International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) lidar onboard the Cloud- Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO). Overall, GAMIL2 can produce horizontal distributions of the low cloud fraction that are similar to the satellite observations, and its similarities to the observations on different levels are shown in Taylor diagrams. The discrepancies among satellite observations are also shown, which should be considered during evaluation.展开更多
Source spectra for moderate and small earthquakes are obtained after removing the path effect, site effect, and instrument response, etc. in the observed S-wave spectra. Based on the Brune source model and by means of...Source spectra for moderate and small earthquakes are obtained after removing the path effect, site effect, and instrument response, etc. in the observed S-wave spectra. Based on the Brune source model and by means of genetic algorithm, the source parameters including seismic moment, stress drop, source dimension, etc. are determined, the radiated seismic energy for small-to-moderate earthquakes is measured with consideration of underestimation and compensation brought forth by limited bandwidth of the instrument, and the scaling relationships of static and dynamic parameters for earthquakes展开更多
We are discussing a class of equations with two unknowns in a free group, of which a particular instance has been studied by by K. I. Appel (ef. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 19 (1969), 179—181). And we have to discuss as ...We are discussing a class of equations with two unknowns in a free group, of which a particular instance has been studied by by K. I. Appel (ef. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 19 (1969), 179—181). And we have to discuss as well two related classes of equations with one unknown. The equations展开更多
基金The National Basic Research Program of China(973Program)(No.2011CB707605)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50925519)
文摘The surface and adhesion forces between chitosan- coated mica surfaces in an acetic acid buffer solution were measured using a surface force apparatus （SFA）. The force- distance profiles were obtained under different pressure conditions. It was found that the chitosan was adsorbed on the mica surface and formed a stable nanofilm under acid conditions. The adsorbed chitosan nanofilms induced a short- range monotonically steric force when two such surfaces came close in the acid buffer. The adhesion forces between the two chitosan-coated mica surfaces varied with the loads. Strong adhesion between the two chitosan-coated mica surfaces was observed at high pressure. Such pressure-dependent adhesion properties are most likely related to the molecular configurations and hydrogen bonds reordering under high confinement.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (Grant No. 2010AA012304)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (Grant No.2010CB951904)+1 种基金the China Meteorological Administration R &D Special Fund for Public Welfare (meteorology) (Grant No.GYHY201006014)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41023002 and 41005053)
文摘The Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparisons Project (CFMIP) Observation Simulator Package (COSP) is adopted in the Grid-point Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG (GAMIL2) during CFMIP at Phase II to evaluate the model cloud fractions in a consistent way with satellite observations. The cloud simulation results embedded in the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) control experiment are presented using three satellite simulators: International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) lidar onboard the Cloud- Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO). Overall, GAMIL2 can produce horizontal distributions of the low cloud fraction that are similar to the satellite observations, and its similarities to the observations on different levels are shown in Taylor diagrams. The discrepancies among satellite observations are also shown, which should be considered during evaluation.
基金funded jointly by the Key Applied and Fundamental Research Project of Yunnan Province (2010CC006)the Key Project of Yunnan Province (JCYB-20080601-4)the Joint Earthquake Science Foundation of China (C08065)
文摘Source spectra for moderate and small earthquakes are obtained after removing the path effect, site effect, and instrument response, etc. in the observed S-wave spectra. Based on the Brune source model and by means of genetic algorithm, the source parameters including seismic moment, stress drop, source dimension, etc. are determined, the radiated seismic energy for small-to-moderate earthquakes is measured with consideration of underestimation and compensation brought forth by limited bandwidth of the instrument, and the scaling relationships of static and dynamic parameters for earthquakes
文摘We are discussing a class of equations with two unknowns in a free group, of which a particular instance has been studied by by K. I. Appel (ef. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 19 (1969), 179—181). And we have to discuss as well two related classes of equations with one unknown. The equations
