径流是水循环中的重要过程,流域中河流的分布信息对该区域的水资源、生态、环境及其社会经济活动具有重要意义。我国广西、云南、贵州和东盟十国属于多云雨、山地特点突出的区域,对比已有的河流面域数据产品,发现对该区域的河流信息表...径流是水循环中的重要过程,流域中河流的分布信息对该区域的水资源、生态、环境及其社会经济活动具有重要意义。我国广西、云南、贵州和东盟十国属于多云雨、山地特点突出的区域,对比已有的河流面域数据产品,发现对该区域的河流信息表征不足。为获得更为精确的河流分布数据,满足水资源及生态环境评估,本文采用欧亚大陆河流矢量数据(2010)及欧空局(ESA)全球土地分类数据(2020)陆表水体产品,通过融合形成综合河流矢量数据,再采用膨胀和收缩缓冲分析方法,解决河流不连续问题,并制作了中国广西、云南、贵州及东盟十国河流面域矢量数据。通过对ESA土地分类数据的进一步处理,获得了同区域的湖泊面域矢量数据。最终,本文计算了河流和湖泊的覆盖率,并生成1 km格网的河流和湖库覆盖率数据集。与Hydro RIVERS数据集,以及4种水体遥感数据集(Global Surface water,Esri Land Cover,Dynamic World V1,GRWL)的对比结果显示,本数据集在研究区对河流水系的表征能力更强,比原始输入数据集具有更丰富的细节,表现为:本数据集填补了欧亚大陆河流矢量数据(2010)中缺少的山区支流部分,解决了河流不连续、缺失等问题。本数据集为我国广西、云南、贵州及东盟十国的水体提取提供基础的先验数据,在洪水预报、水资源管理等方面具有重要价值,可服务于生态环境、交通运输、农业灌溉、能源等社会经济活动。展开更多
This study presents bulk chemical compositions of the Tongmuling soil profile, which developed on dolostone, and the overlying strata covering the bedrock in the central Guizhou province(southern China). The chemical ...This study presents bulk chemical compositions of the Tongmuling soil profile, which developed on dolostone, and the overlying strata covering the bedrock in the central Guizhou province(southern China). The chemical weathering characteristics of the studied profile were investigated and the inheritance relationships between the terra rossa and overlying strata were discussed. The results show that there is no remarkable variation in the major elements and weathering indices from the rock–soil interface to the topsoil, indicating that the studied profile was not typical for in situ crustal chemical weathering. The terra rossa were mainly composed of Si O_2, Al_2O_3 and Fe_2O_3. Compared with the insoluble residues and overlying strata, the terra rossa are characterized by an enrichment of Y and Cs and depletion of Ba and Sr. The subsoil shows a notable Ce negative anomaly, characterized by heavy rare earth element enrichment(L/H = 1.55–3.74), whereas the topsoil shows a positive Ce anomaly with light rare earth element enrichment(L/H = 5.93–9.14). According to Laterite-forming capacity estimates, the terra rossa could not have only been formed from acid-insoluble residues from the bedrock; Al_2O_3 versus Fe_2O_3and Nb plotted against Ta show significant positive correlations between the terra rossa and overlying strata. The Eu/Eu* versusGd_N/Yb_Nand ternary diagrams for Sc, Th, Zr, and Ta suggest that the overlying strata could also provide parent materials for the genesis of terra rossa.展开更多
文摘径流是水循环中的重要过程,流域中河流的分布信息对该区域的水资源、生态、环境及其社会经济活动具有重要意义。我国广西、云南、贵州和东盟十国属于多云雨、山地特点突出的区域,对比已有的河流面域数据产品,发现对该区域的河流信息表征不足。为获得更为精确的河流分布数据,满足水资源及生态环境评估,本文采用欧亚大陆河流矢量数据(2010)及欧空局(ESA)全球土地分类数据(2020)陆表水体产品,通过融合形成综合河流矢量数据,再采用膨胀和收缩缓冲分析方法,解决河流不连续问题,并制作了中国广西、云南、贵州及东盟十国河流面域矢量数据。通过对ESA土地分类数据的进一步处理,获得了同区域的湖泊面域矢量数据。最终,本文计算了河流和湖泊的覆盖率,并生成1 km格网的河流和湖库覆盖率数据集。与Hydro RIVERS数据集,以及4种水体遥感数据集(Global Surface water,Esri Land Cover,Dynamic World V1,GRWL)的对比结果显示,本数据集在研究区对河流水系的表征能力更强,比原始输入数据集具有更丰富的细节,表现为:本数据集填补了欧亚大陆河流矢量数据(2010)中缺少的山区支流部分,解决了河流不连续、缺失等问题。本数据集为我国广西、云南、贵州及东盟十国的水体提取提供基础的先验数据,在洪水预报、水资源管理等方面具有重要价值,可服务于生态环境、交通运输、农业灌溉、能源等社会经济活动。
基金financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grants No.2006CB403202)
文摘This study presents bulk chemical compositions of the Tongmuling soil profile, which developed on dolostone, and the overlying strata covering the bedrock in the central Guizhou province(southern China). The chemical weathering characteristics of the studied profile were investigated and the inheritance relationships between the terra rossa and overlying strata were discussed. The results show that there is no remarkable variation in the major elements and weathering indices from the rock–soil interface to the topsoil, indicating that the studied profile was not typical for in situ crustal chemical weathering. The terra rossa were mainly composed of Si O_2, Al_2O_3 and Fe_2O_3. Compared with the insoluble residues and overlying strata, the terra rossa are characterized by an enrichment of Y and Cs and depletion of Ba and Sr. The subsoil shows a notable Ce negative anomaly, characterized by heavy rare earth element enrichment(L/H = 1.55–3.74), whereas the topsoil shows a positive Ce anomaly with light rare earth element enrichment(L/H = 5.93–9.14). According to Laterite-forming capacity estimates, the terra rossa could not have only been formed from acid-insoluble residues from the bedrock; Al_2O_3 versus Fe_2O_3and Nb plotted against Ta show significant positive correlations between the terra rossa and overlying strata. The Eu/Eu* versusGd_N/Yb_Nand ternary diagrams for Sc, Th, Zr, and Ta suggest that the overlying strata could also provide parent materials for the genesis of terra rossa.
