春季云属性的分布和变化对北极9月的海冰变化具有重要的预调节作用。但是,在北极及全球气候变暖加剧的背景下,春季云和9月海冰之间的关系及其在北极不同海域的特征需要进一步更新。本文基于ERA5云辐射、MODIS云量和云水路径以及美国国...春季云属性的分布和变化对北极9月的海冰变化具有重要的预调节作用。但是,在北极及全球气候变暖加剧的背景下,春季云和9月海冰之间的关系及其在北极不同海域的特征需要进一步更新。本文基于ERA5云辐射、MODIS云量和云水路径以及美国国家冰雪中心的海冰密集度(sea ice concentration,SIC)数据,首先分析了2000—2017年北极地区春季云量、云水路径两种云宏观属性与云长波辐射效应、云短波辐射效应两种云辐射属性气候学尺度的空间分布特征,然后探讨了云宏观属性和辐射属性的相关关系,以及在不同感兴趣区(region of interest,ROI)内的海冰变化对云属性的响应特征。结果表明,在北极的春季,云量的分布随海冰密集度的升高而递减,云水路径的分布随纬度的升高而增大。云长波辐射效应的分布不连续,未见显著规律,在巴伦支海和东格陵兰海域及其以北的北冰洋海域(ROI2)以外的其他区域,云短波辐射效应差异较小。北极云量和云水路径与云长波辐射效应主要存在正相关关系,与云短波辐射效应存在负相关关系,但在相关性的强度和范围上云水路径均不如云量。在冰边缘区占比最高的拉普捷夫海和喀拉海域及其以北的北冰洋海域(ROI1)和波弗特、楚科奇、东西伯利亚海域及其以北的北冰洋海域(ROI4),春季云长波辐射效应倾向于增强9月海冰的融化,云短波辐射效应作用相反,这种响应的滞后时长约为4个月。在多元回归模型中,决定系数可用于表征自变量对因变量的解释程度,决定系数的结果表明,ROI1的云量变率占海冰退化成因的约18.53%,ROI4的云量和云水路径的重要性在海冰减退机制中没有得到体现。展开更多
The cDNA encoding the luciferase from lantern mRNA of one diurnal firefly Pyrocoelia pygidialis Pic, 1926 has been cloned, sequenced and functionally expressed. The cDNA sequence of P pygidialis luciferase is 1647 bas...The cDNA encoding the luciferase from lantern mRNA of one diurnal firefly Pyrocoelia pygidialis Pic, 1926 has been cloned, sequenced and functionally expressed. The cDNA sequence of P pygidialis luciferase is 1647 base pairs in length, coding a protein of 548 amino acid residues. Sequence analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence showed that this luciferase had 97.8% resemblance to luciferases from the fireflies Lampyris noctiluca, Lampyris turkestanicus and Nyctophila cf. caucasica. Phylogenetic analysis using deduced amino acid sequence showed that P pygidialis located at the base of Lampyris＋Nyctophila clade with robust support （BP=97%）; but did not show a monophyletic relationship with its congeneric species P pectoralis, P tufa and P miyako, all three are strong luminous and nocturnal species. The expression worked in recombinant Escherichia coli. Expression product had a 70kDa band and emitted yellow-green luminescence in the presence of luciferin. Five loops in the P pygidialis luciferase, L1 （NI98-G208）, L2 （T240-G247）, L3 （G317-K322）, L4 （L343-I350） and L5 （G522-D532）, were found from the structure modeling analysis in the cleft, where it was considered the active site for the substrate compound entering and binding. Different amino acid residues between the luciferases of P. pygidialis and the three other known strong luminous species can not explain the situation of weak or strong luminescence. Future study of these loops, residues or crystal structure analysis may be helpful in understanding the real differences between the luciferases between diurnal and nocturnal species.展开更多
In order to improve the performance of the attribute reduction algorithm to deal with the noisy and uncertain large data, a novel co-evolutionary cloud-based attribute ensemble multi-agent reduction（CCAEMR） algorith...In order to improve the performance of the attribute reduction algorithm to deal with the noisy and uncertain large data, a novel co-evolutionary cloud-based attribute ensemble multi-agent reduction（CCAEMR） algorithm is proposed.First, a co-evolutionary cloud framework is designed under the M apReduce mechanism to divide the entire population into different co-evolutionary subpopulations with a self-adaptive scale. Meanwhile, these subpopulations will share their rewards to accelerate attribute reduction implementation.Secondly, a multi-agent ensemble strategy of co-evolutionary elitist optimization is constructed to ensure that subpopulations can exploit any correlation and interdependency between interacting attribute subsets with reinforcing noise tolerance.Hence, these agents are kept within the stable elitist region to achieve the optimal profit. The experimental results show that the proposed CCAEMR algorithm has better efficiency and feasibility to solve large-scale and uncertain dataset problems with complex noise.展开更多
利用云与地球辐射能量系统CERES(clouds and the earth’s radiant energy system)资料,对2003-2016年东亚不同区域单层低云物理属性及地面短波辐射强迫的季节时空分布特征进行研究。结果表明:①在空间分布上,辐射强迫与单层低云量在春...利用云与地球辐射能量系统CERES(clouds and the earth’s radiant energy system)资料,对2003-2016年东亚不同区域单层低云物理属性及地面短波辐射强迫的季节时空分布特征进行研究。结果表明:①在空间分布上,辐射强迫与单层低云量在春秋两季有着较好的相似性,而与冰/液态水柱含量在春、夏、秋三个季节有着较好的一致性。②在时间变化上,北方地区夏季的单层低云对短波辐射的削弱作用是最强的;南方地区和西北地区最强的削弱作用发生在春季;东部海域则发生在冬季。在空间分布上,春、秋、冬季最强的低云削弱效应在南方地区。夏季,东亚低云对短波辐射的削弱作用各区域都较弱,大部分区域的负辐射强迫的绝对值小于200 W·m^-2。展开更多
Aims Competition,temperature and nutrient are the most important determinants of tree growth in the cold climate on the eastern Tibetan Plateau.Although many studies have reported their individual effects on tree grow...Aims Competition,temperature and nutrient are the most important determinants of tree growth in the cold climate on the eastern Tibetan Plateau.Although many studies have reported their individual effects on tree growth,little is known about how the interactions of competition with fertilization and temperature affect root growth.We aim to test whether climate warming and fertilization promote competition and to explore the functional strategies of Picea asperata in response to the interactions of these factors.Methods We conducted a paired experiment including competition and non-competition treatments under elevated temperature(ET)and fertilization.We measured root traits,including the root tip number over the root surface(RTRS),the root branching events over the root surface(RBRS),the specific root length(SRL),the specific root area(SRA),the total fine root length and area(RL and RA),the root tips(RTs)and root branching(RB)events.These root traits are considered to be indicators of plant resource uptake capacity and root growth.The root biomass and the nutrient concentrations in the roots were also determined.Important Findings The results indicated that ET,fertilization and competition individually enhanced the nitrogen(N)and potassium(K)concentrations in fine roots,but they did not affect fine root biomass or root traits,including RL,RT,RA and RB.However,both temperature and fertilizationz as well as their interaction,interacting with competition increased RL,RA,RT,RB and nutrient uptake.In addition,the SRL,SRA,RTRS and RBRS decreased un der fertilization,the interaction between temperature and competition decreased SRL and SRA,while the other parameters were not affected by temperature or competition.These results indicate that P.asperata maintains a conservative nutrient strategy in response to competition,climate warming,fertilization and their interactions.Our results improve our understanding of the physiological and ecological adaptability of trees to global change.展开更多
文摘春季云属性的分布和变化对北极9月的海冰变化具有重要的预调节作用。但是,在北极及全球气候变暖加剧的背景下,春季云和9月海冰之间的关系及其在北极不同海域的特征需要进一步更新。本文基于ERA5云辐射、MODIS云量和云水路径以及美国国家冰雪中心的海冰密集度(sea ice concentration,SIC)数据,首先分析了2000—2017年北极地区春季云量、云水路径两种云宏观属性与云长波辐射效应、云短波辐射效应两种云辐射属性气候学尺度的空间分布特征,然后探讨了云宏观属性和辐射属性的相关关系,以及在不同感兴趣区(region of interest,ROI)内的海冰变化对云属性的响应特征。结果表明,在北极的春季,云量的分布随海冰密集度的升高而递减,云水路径的分布随纬度的升高而增大。云长波辐射效应的分布不连续,未见显著规律,在巴伦支海和东格陵兰海域及其以北的北冰洋海域(ROI2)以外的其他区域,云短波辐射效应差异较小。北极云量和云水路径与云长波辐射效应主要存在正相关关系,与云短波辐射效应存在负相关关系,但在相关性的强度和范围上云水路径均不如云量。在冰边缘区占比最高的拉普捷夫海和喀拉海域及其以北的北冰洋海域(ROI1)和波弗特、楚科奇、东西伯利亚海域及其以北的北冰洋海域(ROI4),春季云长波辐射效应倾向于增强9月海冰的融化,云短波辐射效应作用相反,这种响应的滞后时长约为4个月。在多元回归模型中,决定系数可用于表征自变量对因变量的解释程度,决定系数的结果表明,ROI1的云量变率占海冰退化成因的约18.53%,ROI4的云量和云水路径的重要性在海冰减退机制中没有得到体现。
基金the Natural Foundation of Sciences of Yunnan Province (2006C0046Q)Partly by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (O706551141)
文摘The cDNA encoding the luciferase from lantern mRNA of one diurnal firefly Pyrocoelia pygidialis Pic, 1926 has been cloned, sequenced and functionally expressed. The cDNA sequence of P pygidialis luciferase is 1647 base pairs in length, coding a protein of 548 amino acid residues. Sequence analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence showed that this luciferase had 97.8% resemblance to luciferases from the fireflies Lampyris noctiluca, Lampyris turkestanicus and Nyctophila cf. caucasica. Phylogenetic analysis using deduced amino acid sequence showed that P pygidialis located at the base of Lampyris＋Nyctophila clade with robust support （BP=97%）; but did not show a monophyletic relationship with its congeneric species P pectoralis, P tufa and P miyako, all three are strong luminous and nocturnal species. The expression worked in recombinant Escherichia coli. Expression product had a 70kDa band and emitted yellow-green luminescence in the presence of luciferin. Five loops in the P pygidialis luciferase, L1 （NI98-G208）, L2 （T240-G247）, L3 （G317-K322）, L4 （L343-I350） and L5 （G522-D532）, were found from the structure modeling analysis in the cleft, where it was considered the active site for the substrate compound entering and binding. Different amino acid residues between the luciferases of P. pygidialis and the three other known strong luminous species can not explain the situation of weak or strong luminescence. Future study of these loops, residues or crystal structure analysis may be helpful in understanding the real differences between the luciferases between diurnal and nocturnal species.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61300167)the Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology of Nanjing University(No.KFKT2015B17)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20151274)Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Provincethe Open Project Program of Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional Information of Ministry of Education(No.JYB201606)the Program for Special Talent in Six Fields of Jiangsu Province(No.XYDXXJS-048)
文摘In order to improve the performance of the attribute reduction algorithm to deal with the noisy and uncertain large data, a novel co-evolutionary cloud-based attribute ensemble multi-agent reduction（CCAEMR） algorithm is proposed.First, a co-evolutionary cloud framework is designed under the M apReduce mechanism to divide the entire population into different co-evolutionary subpopulations with a self-adaptive scale. Meanwhile, these subpopulations will share their rewards to accelerate attribute reduction implementation.Secondly, a multi-agent ensemble strategy of co-evolutionary elitist optimization is constructed to ensure that subpopulations can exploit any correlation and interdependency between interacting attribute subsets with reinforcing noise tolerance.Hence, these agents are kept within the stable elitist region to achieve the optimal profit. The experimental results show that the proposed CCAEMR algorithm has better efficiency and feasibility to solve large-scale and uncertain dataset problems with complex noise.
文摘利用云与地球辐射能量系统CERES(clouds and the earth’s radiant energy system)资料,对2003-2016年东亚不同区域单层低云物理属性及地面短波辐射强迫的季节时空分布特征进行研究。结果表明:①在空间分布上,辐射强迫与单层低云量在春秋两季有着较好的相似性,而与冰/液态水柱含量在春、夏、秋三个季节有着较好的一致性。②在时间变化上,北方地区夏季的单层低云对短波辐射的削弱作用是最强的;南方地区和西北地区最强的削弱作用发生在春季;东部海域则发生在冬季。在空间分布上,春、秋、冬季最强的低云削弱效应在南方地区。夏季,东亚低云对短波辐射的削弱作用各区域都较弱,大部分区域的负辐射强迫的绝对值小于200 W·m^-2。
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Project of China(2017YFC0505002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31400424,31570477).
文摘Aims Competition,temperature and nutrient are the most important determinants of tree growth in the cold climate on the eastern Tibetan Plateau.Although many studies have reported their individual effects on tree growth,little is known about how the interactions of competition with fertilization and temperature affect root growth.We aim to test whether climate warming and fertilization promote competition and to explore the functional strategies of Picea asperata in response to the interactions of these factors.Methods We conducted a paired experiment including competition and non-competition treatments under elevated temperature(ET)and fertilization.We measured root traits,including the root tip number over the root surface(RTRS),the root branching events over the root surface(RBRS),the specific root length(SRL),the specific root area(SRA),the total fine root length and area(RL and RA),the root tips(RTs)and root branching(RB)events.These root traits are considered to be indicators of plant resource uptake capacity and root growth.The root biomass and the nutrient concentrations in the roots were also determined.Important Findings The results indicated that ET,fertilization and competition individually enhanced the nitrogen(N)and potassium(K)concentrations in fine roots,but they did not affect fine root biomass or root traits,including RL,RT,RA and RB.However,both temperature and fertilizationz as well as their interaction,interacting with competition increased RL,RA,RT,RB and nutrient uptake.In addition,the SRL,SRA,RTRS and RBRS decreased un der fertilization,the interaction between temperature and competition decreased SRL and SRA,while the other parameters were not affected by temperature or competition.These results indicate that P.asperata maintains a conservative nutrient strategy in response to competition,climate warming,fertilization and their interactions.Our results improve our understanding of the physiological and ecological adaptability of trees to global change.
