春季云属性的分布和变化对北极9月的海冰变化具有重要的预调节作用。但是,在北极及全球气候变暖加剧的背景下,春季云和9月海冰之间的关系及其在北极不同海域的特征需要进一步更新。本文基于ERA5云辐射、MODIS云量和云水路径以及美国国...春季云属性的分布和变化对北极9月的海冰变化具有重要的预调节作用。但是,在北极及全球气候变暖加剧的背景下,春季云和9月海冰之间的关系及其在北极不同海域的特征需要进一步更新。本文基于ERA5云辐射、MODIS云量和云水路径以及美国国家冰雪中心的海冰密集度(sea ice concentration,SIC)数据,首先分析了2000—2017年北极地区春季云量、云水路径两种云宏观属性与云长波辐射效应、云短波辐射效应两种云辐射属性气候学尺度的空间分布特征,然后探讨了云宏观属性和辐射属性的相关关系,以及在不同感兴趣区(region of interest,ROI)内的海冰变化对云属性的响应特征。结果表明,在北极的春季,云量的分布随海冰密集度的升高而递减,云水路径的分布随纬度的升高而增大。云长波辐射效应的分布不连续,未见显著规律,在巴伦支海和东格陵兰海域及其以北的北冰洋海域(ROI2)以外的其他区域,云短波辐射效应差异较小。北极云量和云水路径与云长波辐射效应主要存在正相关关系,与云短波辐射效应存在负相关关系,但在相关性的强度和范围上云水路径均不如云量。在冰边缘区占比最高的拉普捷夫海和喀拉海域及其以北的北冰洋海域(ROI1)和波弗特、楚科奇、东西伯利亚海域及其以北的北冰洋海域(ROI4),春季云长波辐射效应倾向于增强9月海冰的融化,云短波辐射效应作用相反,这种响应的滞后时长约为4个月。在多元回归模型中,决定系数可用于表征自变量对因变量的解释程度,决定系数的结果表明,ROI1的云量变率占海冰退化成因的约18.53%,ROI4的云量和云水路径的重要性在海冰减退机制中没有得到体现。展开更多
Based on the 3D electron's radial wave function of Co 2+ free ion,a Nephelauxetic effect modifying factor to modify the radial wave function is introduced when Co 2+ cations are put into the crystal fie...Based on the 3D electron's radial wave function of Co 2+ free ion,a Nephelauxetic effect modifying factor to modify the radial wave function is introduced when Co 2+ cations are put into the crystal field of Zn 1-x Co x Se.With the modified wave functions,the optical transitions for Zn 1-x Co x Se crystals are calculated.Moreover,based on the first principle of physics,the influences of high pressure to the Nephelauxetic effect modifying factor is considered,and the high pressure blue shift for the Zn 1-x Co x Se crystal absorption spectra are calculated and a shift rate of d E /d p =0 45meV/GPa is obtained.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to screen the best synergistic material for Bt wettable powder and evaluate their synergistic effect. [Method] The synergism of six different kinds of additives for Bacillus thuringiensis ...[Objective] This study aimed to screen the best synergistic material for Bt wettable powder and evaluate their synergistic effect. [Method] The synergism of six different kinds of additives for Bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder （Bt WP） on the 2^nd instar larvae of Plutella xylostella was tested by method of leaf dipping in labora- tory. [Result] The mixtures of Bt with 0.1% ZnCl2, 0.5% ZnCl2, 1.0% ZnCl2, 1.0% MgCI2, 0.5% boric acid, 1.0% boric acid, 0.5% citric acid or 1.0% citric acid all ex- hibited synergistic effect, in which the synergistic effect of mixture containing 0.5% boric acid was the highest, with 17.2 synergistic ratio; followed by the mixture containing 1.0% ZnCl2, with 15.6 synergistic ratio. Moreover, addition of 0.5% boric acid could shorten the median lethal time of Bt wettable powder by about 10 h. After the mixtures of Bt with 0.5% boracic acid or 1.0% ZnCl2 was stored for 15 d at room temperature, toxicities of the two mixtures did not change significantly. [Conclusion] Boracic acid as the synergist of Bt wettable powder could not only increase insecti- cidal effect of Bt, but also accelerate its insecticidal rate. So, boracic acid could improve the disadvantages of Bt wettable powder such as poor insecticidal effect and slow insecticidal speed in a certain degree.展开更多
文摘春季云属性的分布和变化对北极9月的海冰变化具有重要的预调节作用。但是,在北极及全球气候变暖加剧的背景下,春季云和9月海冰之间的关系及其在北极不同海域的特征需要进一步更新。本文基于ERA5云辐射、MODIS云量和云水路径以及美国国家冰雪中心的海冰密集度(sea ice concentration,SIC)数据,首先分析了2000—2017年北极地区春季云量、云水路径两种云宏观属性与云长波辐射效应、云短波辐射效应两种云辐射属性气候学尺度的空间分布特征,然后探讨了云宏观属性和辐射属性的相关关系,以及在不同感兴趣区(region of interest,ROI)内的海冰变化对云属性的响应特征。结果表明,在北极的春季,云量的分布随海冰密集度的升高而递减,云水路径的分布随纬度的升高而增大。云长波辐射效应的分布不连续,未见显著规律,在巴伦支海和东格陵兰海域及其以北的北冰洋海域(ROI2)以外的其他区域,云短波辐射效应差异较小。北极云量和云水路径与云长波辐射效应主要存在正相关关系,与云短波辐射效应存在负相关关系,但在相关性的强度和范围上云水路径均不如云量。在冰边缘区占比最高的拉普捷夫海和喀拉海域及其以北的北冰洋海域(ROI1)和波弗特、楚科奇、东西伯利亚海域及其以北的北冰洋海域(ROI4),春季云长波辐射效应倾向于增强9月海冰的融化,云短波辐射效应作用相反,这种响应的滞后时长约为4个月。在多元回归模型中,决定系数可用于表征自变量对因变量的解释程度,决定系数的结果表明,ROI1的云量变率占海冰退化成因的约18.53%,ROI4的云量和云水路径的重要性在海冰减退机制中没有得到体现。
文摘Based on the 3D electron's radial wave function of Co 2+ free ion,a Nephelauxetic effect modifying factor to modify the radial wave function is introduced when Co 2+ cations are put into the crystal field of Zn 1-x Co x Se.With the modified wave functions,the optical transitions for Zn 1-x Co x Se crystals are calculated.Moreover,based on the first principle of physics,the influences of high pressure to the Nephelauxetic effect modifying factor is considered,and the high pressure blue shift for the Zn 1-x Co x Se crystal absorption spectra are calculated and a shift rate of d E /d p =0 45meV/GPa is obtained.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(200903042-5)National Apple Industry Technology System Project of China(nycytx-08-04-01)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to screen the best synergistic material for Bt wettable powder and evaluate their synergistic effect. [Method] The synergism of six different kinds of additives for Bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder （Bt WP） on the 2^nd instar larvae of Plutella xylostella was tested by method of leaf dipping in labora- tory. [Result] The mixtures of Bt with 0.1% ZnCl2, 0.5% ZnCl2, 1.0% ZnCl2, 1.0% MgCI2, 0.5% boric acid, 1.0% boric acid, 0.5% citric acid or 1.0% citric acid all ex- hibited synergistic effect, in which the synergistic effect of mixture containing 0.5% boric acid was the highest, with 17.2 synergistic ratio; followed by the mixture containing 1.0% ZnCl2, with 15.6 synergistic ratio. Moreover, addition of 0.5% boric acid could shorten the median lethal time of Bt wettable powder by about 10 h. After the mixtures of Bt with 0.5% boracic acid or 1.0% ZnCl2 was stored for 15 d at room temperature, toxicities of the two mixtures did not change significantly. [Conclusion] Boracic acid as the synergist of Bt wettable powder could not only increase insecti- cidal effect of Bt, but also accelerate its insecticidal rate. So, boracic acid could improve the disadvantages of Bt wettable powder such as poor insecticidal effect and slow insecticidal speed in a certain degree.
