海水进退、滩坪出没、云化岩溶等与碳酸盐岩储层关系研究——以上扬子地台龙王庙组为例

大量的油气勘探开发实践证实碳酸盐岩储层类型主要有礁滩储层、白云岩储层、岩溶储层及裂缝性(灰岩)储层。因此,在进一步的油气勘探生产中,能否成功预测这些储层的分布及评价就成为了关键任务。应用碳酸盐岩台地滩坪组合快速分析法对四川盆地及其周缘6条野外基干剖面进行实测、2口钻井基干剖面进行描述以及81个露头和钻井等资料点的重新解释以及岩石薄片、阴极发光等室内分析。在此基础上,编制了大量的单因素图、综合沉积模式图、储层分布预测图等,并经过综合研究,总结出了"滩、云滩、云溶滩"(加裂缝),储层物性渐次变好的规律。并认为:1)扬子台地龙王庙组,在特殊气候异常蒸发风暴发育时期,海水进退、滩坪出没、云化岩溶等因素共同控制了滩体储层的发育、云化、岩溶等储层优化作用。2)因初始孔隙系统的重要性及其对后期演化提供有利条件,所以同生、准同生及准同生后早期的白云化作用及岩溶作用对储层形成意义重大;表生岩溶作用(及裂缝),既可大大改善储层物性,也可形成新的储集空间。3)扬子台地龙王庙期滩相发育的特殊时期和环境条件——台平、坡陡、盆深的古地理沉积格局,适用"碳酸盐岩台地滩坪组合快速沉积相分析法"。即"以滩为原点"取相对古水深10 m(最佳区间在5～15 m之间),通过岩性、沉积构造(如滩条组合或滩坪组合)等沉积特征快速识别浅水环境和相对深水环境,快速识别沉积相;并对其定量赋值取20 m和0 m,恢复古水深。通过该方法可以快速绘制相对海平面升降变化曲线,识别层序、划分体系域,最终在研究区识别出了"台地之上滩连滩"以及"滩坪组合"的新型沉积模式,为储层的成因和分布研究奠定了可靠的地质学基础。

Preliminary Study on Planting Direction of Flood Land at Different Altitudes——a Case Study in Xiaojiang Valley, Yunnan

Flood land, with abundant light, heat, and water resource, is an important potential land resource to resolve the situation of the limited arable land in mountain areas in Xiaojiang Valley, Dongchuan, Yunnan. It will have a great significance on the development of local characteristic agriculture and the settlement of poor moun- tain immigrants that how to develop and protect the flood land in a scientific, effec- tive and sustainable way. In this paper, flood land of Xiaojiang Valley is divided into three zones （higher zone is 1 600-1 300 m, medium zone is 1 300-1 000 m, low- er zone is 1 000-700 m） according to different elevations. Through field survey, in situ measurement, sampling analysis and ＂3S＂ technology, the area and soil nutri- ent characteristics of flood land at different altitudes are tested and analyzed sys- tematically. And also according to the climatic characteristics in different elevations of flood land, the research analyzed and investigated the growing conditions of flood land in different elevations in Xiaojiang Valley, and then discussed how to develop and cultivate reasonably and effectively in flood land. All the work is intended to provide beneficial reference for the development and cultivation of flood land in mountain areas.

坐看云起时

暮春,西北航空公司,飞往美国探望母亲的途中。我的心仍忐忑着。舷窗外,这边是白茫茫绵软软的云滩,那边是淡蓝色宁静的海。远远一抹水平线,那样遥不可及而又近在咫尺。蛊惑着我的彼岸风景啊,彷彿伸手便可触及,但我仍不敢相信,不敢相信一如数月前,在沙田火车站与你泣别,太不真实了,太虚幻了。也许,被冷藏了四十年的感情,无法实时溶解,所以我允诺的一封长信,始终无法提笔。像一艘搁浅的空舟,潮来时摇摇晃晃,潮退时举步维艰。