程控制回路中DZF2—Ⅲ型信号分层器输出正反作用互代法

仪表安装或生产中更换或新增信号分程器时,具有正或反输出作用的信号分程器都可应用于同一分程控制回路中。 DZF2—Ⅲ型信号分层器,在国产设计的工程项目中应用最多。如反应器温度的分程控制,加氢装置原料油缓冲罐的压力分程控制等等。在原料油缓冲罐压力分程控制中,为维持罐内的压力稳定,设计采用分程控制系统,当缓冲罐压力变化时,通过补充新氢和排放罐内补充的氢气来调节罐内压力稳定,见系统图1。

滨海湿地植被演替研究进展及其展望

滨海湿地植被是滨海湿地生态系统的重要组成部分,包括在滨海湿地基质上发育的以湿生与水生植物为优势的各类植物群落.滨海湿地植被的演替是滨海湿地研究的重要内容,红树林、盐沼群落和海草场是主要的研究对象.文章对国内外滨海湿地植被演替的研究成果进行了综述,突出介绍了红树林演替过程的复杂性、林隙次生演替以及国内在盐沼演替研究方面取得的进展;给出了适用演替理论的研究案例,列举了几种演替研究方法及其成果;最后,在总结国内既有研究的基础上,从研究方法与思路、研究意义、研究对象、研究的实践指导作用等多个方面,就国内研究的未来发展做了展望,强调了多尺度整合研究、干扰后次生演替研究的重要性,指出数值模拟系统前景广阔.

Study on Interaction Between Two Parallel Plates with Iteration Method in Functional Theory

By introducing the functional theory into the calculation of electric double layer （EDL） interaction, the interaction energies of two parallel plates were calculated respectively at low, moderate, and high potentials. Compared with the results of two existing methods, Debye-Hückel and Langmuir methods, which are applicable just to the critical potentials and perform poorly in the intermediate potential, the functional approach not only has much simpler expression of the EDL interaction energy, but also performs well in the entire range of potentials.

Iterative Multireference Configuration Interaction

Iterative multireference configuration interaction (IMRCI) is proposed. It is exploited to compute the electronic energies of H2O and CH2(singlet and triplet states) at equilibrium and non-equilibrium geometries. The potential energy curves of H2O, CH2(singlet and triplet states) and N2 have also been calculated with IMRCI as well as the M?ller Plesset perturbation theory (MP2, MP3, and MP4), the coupled cluster method with single and double substitutions (CCSD), and CCSD with perturbative triples correction (CCSD(T)).These calculations demonstrate that IMRCI results are independent of the initial guess of configuration functions in the reference space and converge quickly to the results of the full configuration interaction. The IMRCI errors relative to the full configuration interaction results are at the order of magnitude of 10-5 hartree within just 2-4 iterations. Further,IMRCI provides an efficient way to find on the potential energy surface the leading electron configurations which, as correct reference states, will be very helpful for the single-reference and multireference theoretical models to obtain accurate results.

The Use of Male Legal Representatives by Ottoman Women in Their Interactions With the Islamic Courts, 1550-1650

This study accentuates the differences in the ways in which Ottoman women, Muslim and non-Muslim, used the Islamic courts. In some regions Ottoman women went to the courts on their own while in others they relied on male representatives to enter into transactions or litigate on their behalf. Studies treating Islamic court records as uniform in shape and content have offered conflicting conclusions about the status of women in Ottoman society. This study demonstrates that a number of geographic and temporal variations affected women＇s access the courts, significantly affecting their legal status in the period of 1550-1650.

Agent-Based Simulation for Interconnection-Scale Renewable Integration and Demand Response Studies

This paper collects and synthesizes the technical requirements, implementation, and validation methods for quasi-steady agent-based simulations of interconnectionscale models with particular attention to the integration of renewable generation and controllable loads. Approaches for modeling aggregated controllable loads are presented and placed in the same control and economic modeling framework as generation resources for interconnection planning studies. Model performance is examined with system parameters that are typical for an interconnection approximately the size of the Western Electricity Coordinating Council(WECC) and a control area about 1/100 the size of the system. These results are used to demonstrate and validate the methods presented.

Maneuvering target tracking algorithm based on cubature Kalman filter with observation iterated update

Reasonable selection and optimization of a filter used in model estimation for a multiple model structure is the key to improve tracking accuracy of maneuvering target.Combining with the cubature Kalman filter with iterated observation update and the interacting multiple model method,a novel interacting multiple model algorithm based on the cubature Kalman filter with observation iterated update is proposed.Firstly,aiming to the structural features of cubature Kalman filter,the cubature Kalman filter with observation iterated update is constructed by the mechanism of iterated observation update.Secondly,the improved cubature Kalman filter is used as the model filter of interacting multiple model,and the stability and reliability of model identification and state estimation are effectively promoted by the optimization of model filtering step.In the simulations,compared with classic improved interacting multiple model algorithms,the theoretical analysis and experimental results show the feasibility and validity of the proposed algorithm.

Revisiting the interacting model of new agegraphic dark energy

In this paper, a new version of the interacting model of new agegraphic dark energy （INADE） is proposed and analyzed in detail. The interaction between dark energy and dark matter is reconsidered. The interaction term Q = bh0ραdcρ1-α dm is adopted, which abandons the Hubble expansion rate H and involves both Pae and Pare. Moreover, the new initial condition for the agegraphie dark energy is used, which solves the problem of accommodating baryon matter and radiation in the model. The solution of the model can be given using an iterative algorithm. A concrete example for the calculation of the model is given. Furthermore, the model is constrained by using the combined Planck data （Planck＋BAO＋SNIa＋H0） and the combined WMAP-9 data （WMAP＋BAO＋SNIa＋H0）. Three typical cases are considered： （A） Q = bHoPde, （B） Q = bHo√ρdeρdm,and （C） Q = bHopdm, which correspond to α = 1, 1/2, and 0, respectively. The departures of the models from the ACDM model are measured by the ABIC and AAIC values. It is shown that the INADE model is better than the NADE model in the fit, and the 1NADE（A） model is the best in fitting data among the three cases.