土壤-植物体系中硒与重金属镉的相互作用

硒是人体重要的功能元素之一,近年来通过食物补硒成为研究热潮,富硒食品的安全问题备受关注。阐述了土壤中的硒与镉的存在形态及其转化的影响因素,并结合近年来的研究成果,介绍了硒与镉在植物体内的互作效应及其机理研究现状,以期为今后更深入开展硒与镉交互作用机制的研究提供参考,并为农作物富硒阻隔技术体系的建立提供科学依据。

牦牛血抗氧化低聚肽的稳定性及与其他食源性低聚肽抗氧化互作分析

通过菌酶联合法发酵制备牦牛血低聚肽(分子量<1ku),研究其氨基酸组成、热稳定性、酸碱稳定性、金属离子稳定性、冻融稳定性及对食品辅料的稳定性;同时,运用等辐射分析法评价3种食源性低聚肽按不同比例组合后组合肽的抗氧相互作用。结果表明,牦牛血低聚肽具有良好的热稳定性,100℃水浴热处理5h后的·OH清除活性仍有84.32%。牦牛血低聚肽在pH值为6~10,即高pH值下·OH清除活性几乎没有受到影响,而低pH值条件下的·OH清除能力较差。Zn^2+、Cu^2+对牦牛血低聚肽的·OH清除活性影响较大,当二者浓度达到500mg/L时,其·OH清除活性保持率仅为49.35%、46.15%;K^+、Mg^2+对其·OH清除活性影响较小。牦牛血低聚肽对·OH清除活性保持率随冻融次数增多而降低。食品辅料NaCl对其·OH自由基清除活性有增效作用,特别是NaCl添加量为0.5%~1.5%时,而当NaCl添加量为1.5%~2.5%时,增效作用不明显;葡萄糖浓度为8%~10%时,对其·OH清除活性有明显抑制作用;柠檬酸对其·OH清除活性有明显抑制作用,但柠檬酸浓度变化对其·OH清除活性影响不大。牦牛血低聚肽的体外抗氧化活性优于商品化的大豆低聚肽以及鱼胶原低聚肽,将3种食源性低聚肽按比例组合后,在DPPH模型和脂质过氧化抑制能力模型中,大部分组合低聚肽表现出较强的协同作用,组合低聚肽中的牦牛血低聚肽比例超过50%时表现出拮抗作用;在ABTS模型中组合低聚肽中的牦牛血低聚肽比例越高协同作用越低。

贮藏温度和烟叶含水率互作对白肋烟贮藏期间TSNAs形成的影响

为揭示贮藏条件对白肋烟贮藏过程中烟草特有亚硝胺（TSNAs）形成的影响规律,将不同含水率（7.71%、15.30%和22.10%）的烟叶分别置于10℃、20℃、30℃、40℃和50℃条件下贮藏15 d后测定TSNAs含量（质量分数）。结果表明：贮藏温度和烟叶含水率对TSNAs的形成具有显著影响,且两者间存在显著的交互效应,其中温度是烟叶TSNAs总变异的主要影响因子,贡献率达56.1%;其次是烟叶含水率,贡献率为25.6%;两者互作的贡献率为18.2%。温度和含水率的双因素模型较好地模拟了TSNAs对两因素的响应,贮藏温度和烟叶含水率共同解释了贮藏过程中烟叶TSNAs变异的93.2%～96.5%。为了有效地抑制贮藏过程中烟叶TSNAs的形成,建议白肋烟贮藏温度低于25.5℃且烟叶含水率≤18%。

应用AMMI模型分析春小麦区试数据的研究

在作物品种区域化试验中 ,基因型与环境的交互作用 (简称G×E)越来越受到人们的重视。主效可加互作可乘模型 (additivemaineffectsandmultiplicativeinteractionmodel ,简称为AMMI模型 )是一种非常有效的分析G×E的方法 ,而双标图 (biplot)是解释AMMI分析结果的一种直观有效的图形工具。在对AMMI模型、双标图和稳定性参数Di(j) 简要介绍后 ,选用 1999～ 2 0 0 0年新疆春小麦品种区试的产量数据进行了实例分析 ,以加深对新方法在区试数据分析中应用的认识 ,促进其在新疆的推广应用 ,提高新疆在区试数据分析方面的水平和效率。文章得出的有关品种稳定性和适应性、地点对品种鉴别力等初步结果 ,对育种和生产单位有一定的参考价值。

A New Model on Origin and Evolution of Biology

Modified classical Boltzmann entropy as generalized entropy, then proposed Maximum Generalized Entropy Principle fusing physics and biology, and established a new model for biological origin and evolutions based on this principle, finally took protein evolution for an example to analyze. The model provided some reference for biological complexity research.

Analysis on Interaction between Genotype of Four Main Flavonoids of Barley Grain and Environment

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the interaction between genotype of flavonoids of barley grain and environment, to increase the flavonoid content of barley grain in cultivation and breeding. [Method] In this study, the content of cate- chin, myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol of barley grain planted in Kunming, Qujing and Baoshan were determined by HPLC, and the genotype, environment, genotype- environment interaction of the flavonoid content of barley grain were analyzed. [Result] According to the experimental results, the genotype variance, environmental variance and G x E interaction variance of catechin and kaempferol contents show the same trend： genotype variation 〉 environmental variation 〉 G × E interaction variation, which all reach a extremely significant level; the genotype variance, envi- ronmental variance and G × E interaction variance of quercetin and total flavonoid contents show the same trend： genetype variation 〉 G × E interaction variation 〉 environmental variation, which all reach a extremely significant level; the genotype variance and environmental variance of myricetin content both reach a extremely sig- nificant level, while the G × E interaction variance reaches a significant level, showing an order of genotype variation 〉 environmental variation 〉 G × E interaction variation; the genotype variance, environmental variance and G x E interaction vari- ance of total flavonoid content show an order of genotype variation 〉 environmental variation 〉 G × E interaction variation. Among different barley varieties, Ziguang- mangluoerling and Kuanyingdamai in Qujing, Kunming and Baoshan have relatively high content of quercetin, while other barley varieties barely contain any quercetin. The grains of Ziguangmangluoerling and Kuanyingdamai are purple, while the grains of other barley varieties are yellow. [Conclusion] Four main flavonoids and the total flavonoids of barley grain are mainly under genetic control and affected by genetic- environment interactions; the purple barley grains contain high content of quercetin.

Elastic Behaviors of Adsorbed Protein-like Chains

Elastic behaviors of protein-like chains are investigated by Pruned-Enriched-Rosenbluth method and modified orientation-dependent monomer-monomer interactions model. The protein-like chain is pulled away from the attractive surface slowly with elastic force acting on it. Strong adsorption interaction and no adsorption interaction are both considered. We calculate the characteristic ratio and shape factor of protein-like chains in the process of elongation. The conformation change of the protein-like chain is well depicted. The shape of chain changes from “rod” to “sphere” at the beginning of elongation. Then, the shape changes from “sphere” to “rod”. In the end, the shape becomes a “sphere” as the chain leaves away from the surface. In the meantime, we discuss average Helmoholtz free energy per bond, average energy per bond, average adsorbed energy per bond, average α-helical energy per bond, average β-sheet energy per bond and average contact energy per bond. On the other hand, elastic force is also studied. It is found that elastic force has a long plateau during the tensile elongation when there exists adsorption interaction. This result is consistent with SMFS experiment of general polymers. Energy contribution to elastic force and contact energy contribution to elastic force are both discussed. These investigations can provide some insights into the elastic behaviors of adsorbed protein chains.

Role of the Nocturnal Low-level Jet in the Formation of the Morning Precipitation Peak over the Dabie Mountains

The diurnal variation of precipitation over the Dabie Mountains(DBM) in eastern China during the 2013 mei-yu season is investigated with forecasts of a regional convection-permitting model. Simulated precipitation is verified against surface rain-gauge observations. The observed morning precipitation peak on the windward(relative to the prevailing synoptic-scale wind) side of the DBM is reproduced with good spatial and temporal accuracy. The interaction between the DBM and a nocturnal boundary layer low-level jet(BLJ) due to the inertial oscillation mechanism is shown to be responsible for this precipitation peak. The BLJ is aligned with the lower-level southwesterly synoptic-scale flow that carries abundant moisture.The BLJ core is established at around 0200 LST upwind of the mountains. It moves towards the DBM and reaches maximum intensity at about 70 km ahead of the mountains. When the BLJ impinges upon the windward side of the DBM in the early morning, mechanical lifting of moist air leads to condensation and subsequent precipitation.

Management of hypertensive crises in the elderly

Hypertensive crises are elevations of blood pressure higher than 180/120 mmHg. These can be urgent or emergent, depending on the presence of end organ damage. The clinical presentation of hypertensive crises is quite variable in elderly patients, and clinicians must be suspicious of non-specific symptoms. Managing hypertensive crises in elderly patients needs meticulous knowledge of the pathophysiological changes in them, pharmacological options, pharmacokinetics of the medications used, their side effects, and their interactions with other medications. Clevidipine, nicardipine, labetalol, esmolol, and fenoldopam are among the preferred choices in the elderly due to their efficacy and tolerability. Nitroprusside, hydralazine, and nifedipine should be avoided, unless there are no other options available, due to the high risk of complications and unpredictable responses.

Unified Theory of Fundamental Interactions

Based on local gauge invariance, four different kinds of fundamental interactions in nature are unified in a theory which has Gravitational Gauge Group gauge symmetry. In this approach, gravitational field, like electromagnetic field, intermediate gauge field, and gluon field, is represented by gauge potential. Four kinds of fundamental interactions are formulated in the similar manner, and therefore can be unified in a direct or semi-direct product group. The model discussed in this paper is a renormalizable quantum model and can be regarded as an extension of the standard model to gravitational interactions, so it can be used to study quantum effects of gravitational interactions.

Ratio of Real to Imaginary for pp and pp Elastic Scatterings in QCD Inspired Model

We use the QCD inspired model to analyze the ratio of the real to the imaginary for pp and pp elastic scatterings. A calculation for the ratio of the real to the imaginary is performed in which the contributions from gluongluon interaction, quark-quark interaction, quark-gluon interaction, and odd eikonal profile function are included. Our results show that the QCD inspired model gives a good fit to the LHC experimental data.

Quantum Communication in Spin Chain with Multiple Spin Exchange Interaction

The transmission of quantum states in the anisotropic Heisenberg XXZ chain model with three-spin exchange interaction is studied. The average fidelity is used to evaluate the state transfer. It is found that quantum communication can be enhanced by the anisotropic coupling and multiple spin interaction. Such spin model can reduce the time required for the perfect state transmission where the fidelity is unity. The maximally entangled Bell states can be generated and separated from the whole quantum systems.

Effects of Ionic Surfactants on Bacterial Luciferase and α-Amylase

In order to study the effects of ionic surfactants on bacterial luciferase,the cationic surfactant dodecyltrimethylammonium biomide (DTAB) and anionic surfactant sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) were chosen.For comparison with bacterial luciferase,α-amylase was used since these two enzymes have similar electrostatic potential and charged active sites.After the enzymes were treated with the surfactants,the catalytic properties of bacterial luciferase andα-amylase were assayed,and fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD) were used to analyze the alteration of the protein structure.The results showed that when the DTAB concentration was low,the cationic surfactant DTAB enhanced the enzymatic activities of bacterial luciferase andα-amylase.On the other hand,the anionic surfactant SDS did not alter the enzymatic activity.The main interaction of cationic surfactant DTAB and the negatively charged surface of the proteins was the ionic interaction,which could alter the environment for the enzyme to work when the DTAB/enzyme molar ratio was low.However,at high cationic surfactant concentration,the ionic interaction and hydrophobic interaction might destroy the secondary and tertiary structures of the proteins,leading to the loss of enzymatic activities.

Electric-Current-Induced Heat Generation in Kondo Regime

Using the nonequilibrium Green's function technique,we investigate the current induced heat generationin Kondo regime.The Kondo effect influences the heat generation significantly.In the curve of heat generation versusthe bias,a negative differential of the heat generation is exhibited.The symmetry of the heat generation is destroyed bythe strong electron-electron interaction and the electron-phonon interaction.

A Two-step Design Method for Shaft Work Targeting on Low-temperature Process

In low-temperature processes, there are interactions between heat exchanger network(HEN) and refrigeration system. The modification on HEN of the chilling train for increasing energy recovery does not always coordinate with the minimum shaft work consumption of the corresponding refrigeration system. In this paper, a systematic approach for optimizing low-temperature system is presented through mathematical method and exergy analysis. The possibility of "pockets", which appears as right nose section in the grand composite curve(EGCC) of the process, is first optimized. The EGCC with the pockets cutting down is designed as a separate part. A case study is used to illustrate the application of the approach for a HEN of a chilling train with propylene and ethylene refrigerant system in an ethylene production process.

Dynamic performance of heavy-haul combined train applying emergency braking on straight line

A heavy-haul train-track coupled model is developed. Taking the emergency braking of the 2×104 t combined train as example, the train longitudinal impulse, the coupler dynamic behaviors and wheel-rail interactions of vehicles distributing in the different positions are analyzed. The results indicate that under the coupler compressing forces, the couplers of middle locomotives may tilt to the free swing limits, which induces the unidirectional tilt of their connected wagon couplers. Consequently, the coupler longitudinal forces produce the lateral components, and then affect the wheel-rail dynamic interaction. The performance of the middle locomotive and their neighboring freight wagons deteriorate significantly, becoming the most dangerous parts in the combined train. The wagons disconnecting with the locomotives can basically keep their couplers to stabilize in the centering positions, even though the maximum coupler longitudinal force acts on it. And its corresponding running safety also has little changes.

Automatic Organization, Thinking Motion and Dynamics of the Universe

There are many automatic organization phenomena and automatic organization unities in the universe. The automatic organization whole refers to a life body with the thinking. The thinking is the core of automatic organization. The thinking is at eternal restless motion and binds to substances. The universe, organism and society are the automatic organization unities or life systems with the thinking. The thinking can perceive, attract, drive, organize and control all individuals and it is a force of life structure or universal gravitation and universal repulsion. The thinking has a life structure, a template and dynamic of entity-life＇s automatic organization. Life body has five dynamic systems： the thinking motion and information flow, breathing motion, closed-loop current （particle flow） and energy flow, interaction among state-varying, state-stabilizing and control organizations and active ＆ automatic chemical-physical reactions, cardiac pulsation and active motion and transportation. Human, galaxies and society can change from low to high energy state initiatively. This is realized by controlling the desires of life entity via the thinking and breathing motions and by altering the body＇s binding forces dominating the life entity （in turn, by bond force, strong interaction and quark confinement）. All forces in the universe present in the universe of life： force of the thinking-universal gravitation and universal repulsion, electromagnetic interaction, bond force, strong interaction, quark confinement and weak interaction. Under the automatic organization of the thinking, these forces bind into a 4-season＇ whole. The united state of these forces is controlled by the thinking and breathing motion, which is capable of changing from 3-, 2- and 1-dimensional states to a 0-dimensional state.

Effect of boron addition on the MoO_3/CeO_2–Al_2O_3 catalyst in the sulfur-resistant methanation

The effect of boron on the performance of MoO_3/CeO_2–Al_2O_3 catalysts, which were prepared with impregnation method, was investigated. The catalysts were characterized with N_2 adsorption–desorption, XRD, H_2-TPR, and NH_3-TPD, and were tested in sulfur-resistant methanation. The results indicated that the MoO_3/CeO_2–Al_2O_3 catalysts modified by boron showed higher catalytic performance in sulfur-resistant methanation. The CO conversion increased from 47% to 62% with 0.5 wt% boron content. When the content of boron was under 0.5 wt%, the results suggested there was an increase in the amorphous form of MoO_3 caused by the generation of weak and intermediate acid sites, which had weakened the interaction between the active components and supports. While, the catalyst added 2.0 wt% boron showed the strong acid sites and the largest crystalline size resulting in the uneven distribution of ceria.

Influence of wave and current on deep-sea mining transporting system

As a solution to the breaking of pipeline under high axial force,carbon fiber composite pipe with low density and high intensity is applied to deep-sea mining transporting system.Based on the fact that the transporting pipe is under the forces of gravity,inner liquid,buoyancy as well as hydrodynamic force,geometric nonlinear finite element theory has been applied to analyzing the transporting system.Conclusions can be drawn as follows.Under the interaction of waves and currents,node forces FX and FZ acted by the transporting pipe on the mining vehicle are less than 2 kN,which indicates that waves and currents have little influence on the spatial shape of the transporting pipe and the mining vehicle movement.On the other hand,the horizontal force acting on the mining ship could be as large as 106 830 N,which has great influence on the mining system.

The Nonlinear Interaction Process in the Wave Assimilation Model and Its Experiments

This paper presents a composite interaction formula based on the discrete-interaction operator of wave-wave nonlinear interaction for deriving its adjoint source function in the wave assimilation model. Assimilation experiments were performed using the significant wave heights observed by the TOPES/POSEIDON satellite, and the gradient distribution in the physical space was also analyzed preliminarily.