哈茨木霉与啶酰菌胺互作对番茄灰霉病的增效作用评价

旨在探讨杀菌剂与哈茨木霉菌互作防治植物病害增效作用的评价方法。采用对峙法,孢子悬浮液法和离体叶片法分别测定了哈茨木霉菌与啶酰菌胺互作对番茄灰霉病菌的抑制作用,用互作系数>1作为互作增效作用的评价标准,并用离体叶片法验证其评价结果。3种方法表明啶酰菌胺和木霉菌互作后对灰霉病的防效均高于两者单独处理的防效。用互作系数评价出啶酰菌胺与木霉菌互作有增效作用,与离体叶片法验证结果一致。互作系数作为木霉菌与杀菌剂互作增效作用的评价标准是科学合理的,在生产上可作为防治番茄灰霉病的应用依据。

论单基因的分离负荷

本文引进两个配子选择系数、三个基因互作系数及互作跃变函数描述分离负荷，统一了近四十年来的理论纷争，得到如下结果：(1）只有当对两个配子的选择系数相等时，种群才能平衡．对平衡种群，以往关于分离负荷的结论是成立的，而且种群的适宜度保持不变；(2）当两配子选择系数不等时，种群不可能平衡，此时选择下分离负荷从Ｆ１代开始逐代减小，种群向杂合子纯合方向进化，从而解释了许多过去不能解释的现象．

Calculation of hydrogen solubility in molten alloys

A thermodynamic model was developed to calculate the hydrogen solubility in molten alloys based on the hydrogen solubility in constitutional pure liquid metals and their interaction parameters. The calculated results have a good agreement with the documented experimental results. The closer the molten alloy to an ideal liquid is, the more accurate the calculated results are. The compound forming ability and molar mixing heat of the constitutional elements take important roles in influencing the hydrogen solubility in molten alloys.

Parallel Processing Based on Ship Maneuvering in Identification of Interaction Force Coefficients

The parallel processing based on the free running model test was adopted to predict the interaction force coefficients （flow straightening coefficient and wake fraction） of ship maneuvering. And the multipopulation genetic algorithm （MPGA） based on real coding that can contemporarily process the data of free running model and simulation of ship maneuvering was applied to solve the problem. Accordingly the optimal individual was obtained using the method of genetic algorithm. The parallel processing of multiopulation solved the prematurity in the identification for single population, meanwhile, the parallel processing of the data of ship maneuvering （turning motion and zigzag motion） is an attempt to solve the coefficient drift problem. In order to validate the method, the interaction force coefficients were verified by the procedure and these coefficients measured were compared with those ones identified. The maximum error is less than 5%, and the identification is an effective method.

Thermal Quantum Discord in Anisotropic Heisenberg XXZ Model with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction

The thermal quantum discord （QD） is studied in a two-qubit Heisenberg XXZ system with DzyaloshinskiiMoriya （DM） interaction. We compare the thermal QD with thermal entanglement in this system and find remarkable differences between them. For instance, we show situations where QD decreases asymptotically to zero with temperature T while entanglement decreases to zero at the point of critical temperature, situations where QD decreases with certain tunable parameters such as Dx and Dx when entanglement increases. We find that the characteristic of QD is exotic in this system and this possibly offers a potential solution to enhance entanglement of a system. We also show that tunable parameter Dx is more efficient than parameter Dz in most regions for controlling the QD.

Multi-factor Analysis of Reflection from Granite Surfaces

Many earlier experiments have shown that reflection from rock surfaces depends upon surface roughness,in-cidence zenith angle,viewing zenith angle,incidence azimuth and viewing azimuth. However,no research exists show-ing the interaction effects of these variables. Using granite as a model surface,we have designed an orthogonal,two level test having seven factors. Analysis of variance shows that surface roughness,relative viewing azimuth,and the in-teraction between these two factors are the largest sources of variance in our experiment. Hence we should include the interaction term in reflection models of granite.

Centrifugal model test and numerical simulation of vertical earth pressure on soft foundation box culvert

To obtain the vertical earth pressure on a soft foundation box culvert and investigate the interaction of the soil-culvert-foundation system, both a centrifugal model test and a numerical simulation were conducted and the comparisons with the current methods to determine the load on a culvert were completed. The results of the model test and numerical analysis are in satisfactory agreement, which shows that the direction of the shear stress between the culvert and the adjacent embankment depends on the differential settlement between them. A vertical earth pressure concentration appears on the culvert with a rigid piles foundation because of a downward shear stress. The ratio of the load on a soft foundation culvert and the overburden pressure above the culvert raises first and then decreases as the backfill height increases. In order to reduce the load on a culvert, it is suggested to limit the stiffness difference of the foundations under the culvert and embankment and to use a light backfill over the culvert.

Wave Interaction with a Partially Reflecting Vertical Wall Protected by a Submerged Porous Bar

This study gives an analytical solution for wave interaction with a partially reflecting vertical wall protected by a submerged porous bar based on linear potential theory. The whole study domain is divided into multiple sub-regions in relation to the structures. The velocity potential in each sub-region is written as a series solution by the separation of variables. A partially reflecting boundary condition is used to describe the partial reflection of a vertical wall. Unknown expansion coefficients in the series solutions are determined by matching velocity potentials among different sub-regions. The analytical solution is verified by an independently developed multi-domain boundary element method(BEM) solution and experimental data. The wave run-up and wave force on the partially reflecting vertical wall are estimated and examined, which can be effectively reduced by the submerged porous bar. The horizontal space between the vertical wall and the submerged porous bar is a key factor, which affects the sheltering function of the porous bar. The wave resonance between the porous bar and the vertical wall may disappear when the vertical wall has a low reflection coefficient. The present analytical solution may be used to determine the optimum parameters of structures at a preliminary engineering design stage.

The revision on heat capacity of Einstein’s solid model

This paper is based on Einstein’s supposition about crystal lattice vibration, which states that when Einstein’s temperature ΘE is not less than the crystal temperature T but less than 2T, the expression of crystal molar heat capacity changes to the Dulong-Petit equation Cv=3R. Thereby this equation can explain why crystal molar heat capacity equals about 3R not only at low temperatures but also at normal temperatures for many kinds of metals. It can be calculated that the nonlinear interaction among atoms contributes to the molar heat capacity using the coefficient of expansion β and the Grüneisen constant γ. The result is that the relative error between the theoretical and the experimental value of the molar heat capacity is reduced greatly for many kinds of metals, especially for metals of IA. The relative error can be cut by about 17%.

Visualization of pullout behaviour of geogrid in sand with emphasis on size effect of protrusive junctions

Geogrid has been extensively used in geotechnical engineering practice due to its effectiveness and economy. Deep insight into the interaction between the backfill soil and the geogrid is of great importance for proper design and construction of geogrid reinforced earth structures. Based on the calibrated model of sand and geogrid, a series of numerical pullout tests are conducted using PFC^(3D) under special considerations of particle angularity and aperture geometry of the geogrid. In this work, interface characteristics regarding the displacement and contact force developed among particles and the deformation and force distribution along the geogrid are all visualized with PFC^(3D) simulations so that new understanding on how geogrid-soil interaction develops under pullout loads can be obtained. Meanwhile, a new variable named fabric anisotropy coefficient is introduced to evaluate the inherent relationship between macroscopic strength and microscopic fabric anisotropy. A correlation analysis is adopted to compare the accuracy between the newly-proposed coefficient and the most commonly used one. Furthermore, additional pullout tests on geogrid with four different joint protrusion heights have been conducted to investigate what extent and how vertical reinforcement elements may result in reinforcement effects from perspectives of bearing resistance contribution, energy dissipation, as well as volumetric response. Numerical results show that both the magnitude and the directional variation of normal contact forces govern the development of macroscopic strength and the reinforcing effects of joint protrusion height can be attributed to the accelerated energy dissipation across the particle assembly and the intensive mobilization of the geogrid.

Shell Model Description of Neutron-Deficient Sn Isotopes

The shell model calculations in the sdgh major shell for the neutron-deficient ^106,107,108,109Sn isotopes have been carried out by using CD-Bonn and Nijmegenl two-body effective nucleon-nucleon interactions. The singleshell states and the corresponding matrix elements needed for describing Sn isotopes are reconstructed to calculate the coefficient of fractional parantage by reducing the calculation requirements. This reconstruction allows us to do the shell model calculations of the neutron deficient Sn isotopes in very reasonable time. The results are compared to the recent high-resolution experimental data and found to be in good agreement with experiments.

Mechanism of wet shotcrete interacting with rock in support systems

In order to have a good understanding of the behavior of wet shotcrete as a support element interacting with the rock mass,mechanism of wet shotcrete interacting with rock in support systems was analyzed through theoretical,numerical study and analytical analysis.A new model of distribution of rock stress state after wet shotcrete was applied,which includes shotcrete layer,composite layer,strengthening layer,plastic layer and elastic layer,and a full illustration of the rock mass stress state was given after shotcrete interacting with rock mass.At the same time,numerical analysis with FLAC gives a stress distribution along the monitor line,respectively,at the sidewall and roof of the tunnel.The displacement obviously decreases with the depth of rock,the tangential stress for tunnel supported by shotcrete is lower than that without shotcrete,and radial stress for tunnel supported by shotcrete is higher than that without shotcrete.It has been demonstrated by AIRY'S stress function,which gives a reasonable solution.Finally,the application of wet shotcrete in Jinfeng Gold Mine shows that the displacement of tunnel decreases obviously in sidewall and roof.

Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Ethylene ＋ Mesitylene System and Process Simulation for Ethylene Recovery

The amount of ethylene in refinery off-gas is high with a mass fraction of 20%,but the refinery off-gas is usually used as fuel gas in most refineries.The separation and recovery of ethylene is of remarkable significance for saving energy and reducing carbon dioxide emission.The aim of this paper is to use a novel absorbent mesitylene for the ethylene absorption process and assess its application feasibility through the ethylene + mesitylene vapor-liquid equilibrium data measurement and its binary interaction parameter correlation,as well as the simulation for ethylene separation process.

A Study on Control of Interconnection Inverter with FRT and Islanding Detection Functions

In this study, the authors aim to develop the interconnection inverter ofPV （photovoltaic generation） system with FRT （fault ride thorough） function and islanding detection function, and analyze the interaction between the both functions during the momentary voltage drop by using an analytical model of distribution system interconnected plural PV systems. Moreover, the authors propose a cooperated control method of the inverters ~vith the islanding detection function and FRT function, and carry out a numerical calculation in order to verify the validity of the proposed method.

The Prediction Analysis of Customer Lifetime Value in Business to Business Enterprise

The measurement of customer assets value has become a significant task in the field of marketing. Although a series of achievements have been formed, the deeper research is still needed in the following aspects： how to build parameter estimation model of various variables based on the interaction among customer assets elements and how to get the scientific and available measured data. In order to solve these problems, this paper, based on the characteristics of customer relationship in Business to Business （B to B） enterprise and the analysis of the variable factors in the interactive models will systematically and practically use the seemingly unrelated regression method to construct three main parameters estimation models in the customer assets measurement model, and prove the feasibility of the model through a case study. Research results show that measurement model system constructed by this method solves the problem of interaction and germination among parameters influencing factors. At the same time, factors concentration simplifies data sources to ensure the reliability and objectivity of the data, and thus improve the accuracy and feasibility of the estimation of customer assets value.

Theory of numerical modeling of constitutive relation for geotechnical materials

Under the direction of the principle of interaction between plastic volumetric and shear strains, the general expression of constitutive relation for geotechnical materials has been derived within the framework of irreversible thermo- dynamics. The constitutive modeling, in fact, is an inverse problem that belongs to the medium inverse problems of model identification, which is expressed as a reversion of coefficient of differential equation. Thus the constitutive modeling of geotechnical materials will become the reversion of coefficient functions of the general expression of constitutive relation, which is carried out in the stress field （p,q） by means Of numerical techniques, so that is called numerical modeling. Applying the numerical modeling, a number of plasticity-based models for clay and sand have been obtained, which are able to characterize the fundamental features of deformation for geotechnieal materials. In addition, the approach of numerical modeling also can be applied to the situation of unsaturated soils by means of the Bishop＇s effective stress formula and Khalili＇s expression of effective stress parameter.

A Singlet State Generated with SQUIDs in Cavity QED

We propose a scheme to generate a three-qubit three-IeveI singlet state in cavity QED, by placing three A-type SQUIDs in a single mode cavity. In this scheme, we make use of the interaction between the SQUIDs and cavity filed, and the classical pulses. The cavity fields are in vacuum state during the whole operation processes of creating the entanglement, and there is no quantum information transformation between the SQUIDs and cavity fields. Because of the advantage of the SQUID-cavity system, the quality factor of the cavity is greatly relaxed.

CFD Investigation of Compressible Low Angles of Attack Flow over the Missile

In modem missile design, the operation of a missile aerodynamics with angles of attack is required to serve a demand on the maneuverability. The key aero-physics is the development of vortices and its interaction to the control surface such as wing and fins. This paper thus presents the investigation of the missile flow field at 4° and 8° degrees of angles of attack. The Mach numbers for both case were varied from 0.6 to 5.5. Here, the Steady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes （SRANS） equations with standard κ-ε turbulence model were selected. The numerical results of aerodynamics coefficients （both force and moment） were compared against semi-empirical data computed using Missile DatCOM. The results revealed the development of vortices observed and their interaction with fin at the rear part of the missile.

Sensitivity analysis of fatigue life prediction for deepwater steel lazy wave catenary risers

Steel lazy wave catenary riser (SLWR) has been an attractive choice for deepwater oil field developments. However, fatigue is a critical issue in assessing the feasibility of applying SLWR to large motion vessels such as floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) or semi-submersibles. In this work, the time-domain fatigue analysis of SLWR was adopted for better representing the structural nonlinearity, fluid load nonlinearity and riser-soil nonlinear interaction. The Palmgren-Miner rule was employed for the fatigue life prediction along the riser length. The main purpose of this analysis is to present sensitivity analyses of SLWR fatigue life under various input parameters, which include the structural damping, the hydrodynamic coefficients along the riser, the seabed stiffness, the vessel motions, etc. The analyses indicated the strong dependence of the riser fatigue life on these parameters. The results can help designers to understand the dynamic behavior of the SLWR and provide guidance for selection of some critical parameters that are used in the fatigue design.

Experimental and numerical investigations on convective heat transfer of dual piezoelectric fans

An investigation is performed to study the convective heat transfer performance under dual piezoelectric fans. Three main aspects are involved in the current study. Firstly, vibration tests for dual specific piezoelectric fans actuating at the first-mode resonant frequency are conducted to illustrate the influence roles of vibrating phase difference and fan-to-fan pitch on the piezoelectric fan vibration amplitude. Secondly, heat transfer measurements are made to compare the heat transfer among single fan, dual fans in-phase and dual fans out-of-phase. Thirdly, three-dimensional numerical simulations are conducted to reveal the influence mechanism of dual piezoelectric fans on heat transfer. The results show that, the vibrating phase difference of dual fans has nearly no influence on the displacement velocity and amplitude of piezoelectric fan related to single fan once the dimensionless pitch(P/W) is beyond 1.2. The dual piezoelectric fans produce nearly the same peak heat transfer coefficient as that of single fan case.Of particular is that the dual fans operating in-phase produce more favorable heat transfer than the dual fans operating out-of-phase,especially in the gap zone between dual fans. Due to the interaction between dual fans, the streaming flow induced by one vibrating fan suffers the action of sweeping flow of another vibrating fan when they operate out-of-phase. While for the dual fans operating in-phase, the streaming flows induced by vibrating fans merge together to form stronger wall jet flow in the region between two fans.