权力与制度的互化性分析

在中国政治体制的改革中,权力和制度是两个必不可少的分析因素。从厘清权力和制度的关系中,提出解决权力和制度运行中存在问题的有效途径在于权力的制度化与制度的权力化,通过权力与制度的互化性,可以促使权力和制度的良性运行以及权力和制度功能的有效发挥。同时,简略分析了人和市场经济这两因素与权力和制度互化性的关系。

通情与达理——谈思想教育中情与理的辩证关系

本文阐述思想教育中情与理辩证关系,研究了情与理的同一性、差异性以及二者之互化性,强调思想政治工作要情理结合。

Effective Mass of Strong-Coupling Bound Polaron in a Triangular Quantum Well Induced by Rashba Effect

In this paper, on the basis of Huybrechts＇ strong-coupling polaron model, the Tokuda modified linearcombination operator method and the unitary transformation method are used to study the properties of the strongcoupling bound polaron considering the influence of Rashba effect, which is brought by the spin-orbit （SO） interaction, in the semiconductor triangular quantum well （TQW）. Numerical calculation on the RbCI TQW, as the example, is performed. The expressions for the effective mass of the polaron as a function of the vibration frequency, the velocity, the Coulomb bound potential and the electron areal density are derived. Numerical results show that the total effective mass of the polaron is composed of three parts. The interactions between the orbit and the spin with different directions have different effects on the effective mass of the bound polaron.

Ferroelectric polarization-enhanced photocatalytic performance of heterostructured BaTiO_(3)@TiO_(2) via interface engineering

A catalyst of ferroelectric-BaTiO_(3)@photoelectric-TiO_(2) nanohybrids(BaTiO_(3)@TiO_(2))with enhanced photocatalytic activity was synthesized via a hydrolysis precipitation combined with a hydrothermal approach.Compared to pure TiO_(2),pure BaTiO_(3) and BaTiO_(3)/TiO_(2) physical mixture,the heterostructured BaTiO_(3)@TiO_(2) exhibits significantly improved photocatalytic activity and cycling stability in decomposing Rhodamine B(RhB)and the degradation efficiency is 1.7 times higher than pure TiO_(2) and 7.2 times higher than pure BaTiO_(3).These results are mainly attributed to the synergy effect of photoelectric TiO_(2),ferroelectric-BaTiO_(3) and the rationally designed interfacial structure.The mesoporous microstructure of TiO_(2) is of a high specific area and enables excellent photocatalytic activity.The ferroelectric polarization induced built-in electric field in BaTiO_(3) nanoparticles,and the intimate interfacial interactions at the interface of BaTiO_(3) and TiO_(2) are effective in driving the separation and transport of photogenerated charge carriers.This strategy will stimulate the design of heterostructured photocatalysts with outstanding photocatalytic performance via interface engineering.

PIECEWISE LINEAR NCP FUNCTION FOR QP FREE FEASIBLE METHOD

In this paper, a QP-free feasible method with piecewise NCP functions is proposed for nonlinear inequality constrained optimization problems. The new NCP functions are piecewise linear-rational, regular pseudo-smooth and have nice properties. This method is based on the solutions of linear systems of equation reformulation of KKT optimality conditions, by using the piecewise NCP functions. This method is implementable and globally convergent without assuming the strict complementarity condition, the isolatedness of accumulation points. Purr thermore, the gradients of active constraints are not requested to be linearly independent. The submatrix which may be obtained by quasi-Newton methods, is not requested to be uniformly positive definite. Preliminary numerical results indicate that this new QP-free method is quite promising.

Gender Equality, Gender Inequality, and Gender Complementarity： Insights from Igbo Traditional Culture

The aim of this paper is to examine some theories of gender with a view to use them as bases for evaluating, assessing, and analyzing gender equality and inequality in Igbo traditional culture. In pursuance of this aim, particular attention will be paid to Igbo leadership practice. Were men and women equal in traditional Igbo culture？ If they were, which theories of gender equality are thereby corroborated and which are refuted？ Was the political landscape of the traditional Igbo a male terrain or was there a balance between men and women？ What was the degree of participation of both men and women？ The paper lays down certain criteria in order to determine equal or unequal or complementary status. These include access to resources, autonomy, and power. One or two lessons are drawn from the insights.

Seasonal changes in TC and WSOC and their ^13C isotope ratios in Northeast Asian aerosols： land surface–biosphere–atmosphere interactions

In order to understand the relative importance of anthropogenic and biological sources of carbonaceous aerosols in Northeast Asia,we measured total carbon(TC)and water-soluble organic carbon(WSOC)and their stable carbon isotope ratios(d^(13)C)in total suspended particulates collected from Sapporo,northern Japan(43.07°N,141.36°E)over a 1-year period(during 2 September 2009and 5 October 2010).Temporal variations of TC showed a gradual decrease from mid-autumn to winter followed by a gradual increase to growing season with a peak in early summer.Both d^(13)C_(TC)and d^(13)C_(WSOC)showed very similar temporal trends with a gradual enrichment of^(13)C from mid-autumn to winter followed by a depletion in the^(13)C to early summer and thereafter it remained stable,except for few cases.Based on the results obtained together with the air mass trajectories,we found that biogenic emissions including biological particles(e.g.,pollen)and secondary organic aerosol formation from biogenic volatile organic compounds are the important sources of carbonaceous aerosols in spring/summer whereas fungal spores from soil and biomass burning and enhanced fossil fuel combustion contribute significantly in autumn/winter and in winter,respectively,in Northeast Asia.

Time Evolution,Dynamical Quantum Fluctuation and High-Order Squeezing Feature in Polariton System——Ⅰ

We have set up a new reduced model Hamiltonian for the polariton system, in which the nonlinear interaction contains the rotating term k l （ a ＋ b ＋ ab＋） and the attractive two-mode squeezed coupling - k2 （ a ＋ b＋ ＋ ab ） . The dynamical evolution of this system has been solved and the nonclassical features relevant to the second-order and high-order squeezing have been obtained in an analytical form. For the first time, in contrast to the existing result, we have confirmed for the phonon field that the attractive two-mode squeezed interaction will not only result in the second-order and high-order squeezing in X-component with the time evolution, but also in time average. Furthermore, the phenomena of collapse and revival of inversion will occur as well in the time evolution of the average number of photon and phonon, as also in the second-order and high-order squeezing of photon field, particularly, in the high-order squeezing of phonon field.

Study on Water－Soluble Organic Reducing Substances：Ⅲ．Electrochemical Properties of Decomposition Products of Rice Straw and Their Interactions with Variable Charge Soils

Some electrochemical properties,such as PH,Eh,and voltammetric behavior,of the decomposition products of rice straw and the in eractions of these products with soils were studied.The PH,Eh,and amounts of organic reducing substances changed markedly during the 60-day anaerobic decomposition.pH decreased sharply to pH 5 on the tenth day and then increased gradually to 7 on the 45th day.The amouats of organic reducing substances increased almost synchronously with the fall of redox potential during the first 15 days.The differential pulse voltammetric(dpv) behavior changed not only in the peak current but also in the peak potential.The fractions with apparent molecular weights lower than 200 dations appeared to be active in dpv behavior.The electric charge of organic reducing substances was closely related to the decomposition stage.The 6th day of incubation was the crucial time before and after which the major part of the components was negatively charged and positively charged, respectively.The group with a low apparent molecular weight and a negative charge was the main components responsible for the lower anodic peak potentials.They were oxidized first during the interactions of the organic reducing substances with soils.

Influence of preparation methods on the physicochemical properties and catalytic performance of MnO_x-CeO_2 catalysts for NH_3-SCR at low temperature

This work examines the influence of preparation methods on the physicochemical properties and catalytic performance of MnOx‐CeO2 catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3 (NH3‐SCR) at low temperature. Five different methods, namely, mechanical mixing, impregnation,hydrothermal treatment, co‐precipitation, and a sol‐gel technique, were used to synthesizeMnOx‐CeO2 catalysts. The catalysts were characterized in detail, and an NH3‐SCR model reaction waschosen to evaluate the catalytic performance. The results showed that the preparation methodsaffected the catalytic performance in the order: hydrothermal treatment > sol‐gel > co‐precipitation> impregnation > mechanical mixing. This order correlated with the surface Ce3+ and Mn4+ content,oxygen vacancies and surface adsorbed oxygen species concentration, and the amount of acidic sitesand acidic strength. This trend is related to redox interactions between MnOx and CeO2. The catalystformed by a hydrothermal treatment exhibited excellent physicochemical properties, optimal catalyticperformance, and good H2O resistance in NH3‐SCR reaction. This was attributed to incorporationof Mnn+ into the CeO2 lattice to form a uniform ceria‐based solid solution (containing Mn‐O‐Cestructures). Strengthening of the electronic interactions between MnOx and CeO2, driven by thehigh‐temperature and high‐pressure conditions during the hydrothermal treatment also improved the catalyst characteristics. Thus, the hydrothermal treatment method is an efficient and environment‐friendly route to synthesizing low‐temperature denitrification (deNOx) catalysts.

Alkylation of p-Cresol with tert-Butanol Catalyzed by Novel Multiple-SO_3H Functioned Ionic Liquid

The alkylation of p-cresol with tert-butanol（TBA）to 2-tert-butyl-p-cresol（TBC）catalyzed by a novel multiple-SO3H functioned ionic liquid（IL1）was investigated.Meanwhile,the catalytic activity of this novel ionic liquid was compared with other four traditional ionic liquids.The results showed that IL1 has superior catalytic activity to other four traditional ionic liquids with the conversion of 85.3%and selectivity of 95.2%.Also,the reaction conditions were investigated to obtain the optimum conditions.Operational simplicity,small amount of usage,high activity,reusability and selectivity are the key features of this methodology.

Interspecific competition and allelopathic interaction between Karenia mikimotoi and Dunaliella salina in laboratory culture

Algal allelopathy is a manifold ecological/physiological phenomenon that is focused on chemical interactions and autotoxicity. We investigated the allelopathic interactions between Karenia mikimotoi and Dunaliella salina in laboratory cultures based on different temperature （15℃, 20℃, and 25℃） and lighting （40,80, and 160 umol/（m2·s）） conditions. The growth of D. salina in bi-algae culture （1：1 size/density） was significantly restrained. The results of cell-free filtrate culture indicate that direct cell-to- cell contact was not necessary in interspecific competition. Further experimental results demonstrated that allelochemicals released from K. miMmotoi were markedly influenced by both temperature （P=0.013） and irradiance （P=0.003）, resulting in different growth characteristics olD. salina in filtrate mediums. Compared with the plateau period, K. mikimotoi exudates in the exponential phase had a stronger short-term inhibition effect on D. salina in normal conditions. A clear concentration-dependent relationship was observed in the effect of allelochemicals released from K. mikimotoi with low-promoting and high-repressing effects on D. Salina in a short time-scale. In addition, allelopathic substances remain stable and effective under high temperature and pressure stress. Many flocculent sediments adhering with D. salina cells were observed in all filtrate mediums, while the quantity and color depended on the original culture conditions.

Advances in interaction mechanism of water(gas) on clay minerals in China

Dealing with large-scale deformations in soft-rock tunnels is a very important issue in soft-rock tunnel engineering. The mechanism of this large-scale deformation is closely related to the physical and chemical properties of soft rock, interaction between soft rock and water, and interaction between soft rock and gas contained in soft rock. In order to gain a better predictive understanding of the governing principles associated with this phenomenon, we used experimental and theoretical methods to study the effects of point defect on physical and chemical properties of soft rock and mechanism of interaction between water(gas) and soft rock. Firstly, we calculated the impurity formation energies and transition energy levels of defects by using the first-principle calculation, the results showed the microscopic mechanism of defects substitution in kaolinite and effects of defects on the structure of kaolinite. Moreover,comparing the experimental and theoretical results, we found the mechanism of interaction between water and soft rock. The results show that water is one of the most important factors which can induce various kinds of geological disasters. At last, the interaction between soft rock and surrounding gas as CO2, CH4 and CO is disused, the influence of surrounding gas on soft rock should not be ignored.

Top-down synthesis strategies: Maximum noble-metal atom efficiency in catalytic materials

Top‐down synthesis has been used to prepare catalytic materials with nanometer sizes,but fabricating atomically dispersed metal catalysts remains a challenge because surface single metal atoms are prone to aggregation or coalescence.A top‐down strategy is used to synthesize atomically dispersed metal catalysts,based on supported Ag nanoparticles.The changes of the geometric and electronic structures of the Ag atoms during the top‐down process are studied using the in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction technique,ex situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy,and transmission electron microscopy.The experimental results,coupled with the density functional theory calculations,demonstrate that the electronic perturbation of the Ag frontier orbitals,induced by the Ag‐O interactions at the perimeter of the metal‐support interface,is the driving force of the top‐down process.The top‐down synthesis has two important functions:to increase the number of catalytic active sites and to facilitate the study of complex reaction mechanisms(e.g.,formaldehyde oxidation)by developing single‐site model catalysts.

Research on the Innovativeness and Characteristic of Digital Media under the Environment of Internet and Big Data

In this paper, we conduct survey and research on the innovativeness and characteristic of digital media under the environment of Internet and big data. Under the background of the era of rapid change, the current education system is more severe impact and challenge. Creative industry is the product of cultural industry development to a new stage, is the most creative cultural industry and the origin of the core part of the new economic era of creativity industry is the condition of globalization. The research indicates that the combination of the big data with digital media is necessary and needed. In the future, we will test more related combination and creativeness.

The Nonlinear Interaction Process in the Wave Assimilation Model and Its Experiments

This paper presents a composite interaction formula based on the discrete-interaction operator of wave-wave nonlinear interaction for deriving its adjoint source function in the wave assimilation model. Assimilation experiments were performed using the significant wave heights observed by the TOPES/POSEIDON satellite, and the gradient distribution in the physical space was also analyzed preliminarily.

A novel interactive preferential evolutionary method for controller tuning in chemical processes

In response to many multi-attribute decision-making(MADM)problems involved in chemical processes such as controller tuning,which suffer human's subjective preferential nature in human–computer interactions,a novel affective computing and preferential evolutionary solution is proposed to adapt human–computer interaction mechanism.Based on the stimulating response mechanism,an improved affective computing model is introduced to quantify decision maker's preference in selections of interactive evolutionary computing.In addition,the mathematical relationship between affective space and decision maker's preferences is constructed.Subsequently,a human–computer interactive preferential evolutionary algorithm for MADM problems is proposed,which deals with attribute weights and optimal solutions based on preferential evolution metrics.To exemplify applications of the proposed methods,some test functions and,emphatically,controller tuning issues associated with a chemical process are investigated,giving satisfactory results.

Cu-SAPO-17:A novel catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NOx

The high-temperature(HT) and low-temperature(LT) hydrothermal stabilities of molecular-sieve-based catalysts are important for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with ammonia(NH3-SCR). In this paper, we report a catalyst, Cu2+ loading SAPO-17, synthesized using cyclohexylamine(CHA), which is commercially available and inexpensive and is utilized in NH3-SCR reduction for the first time. After systematic investigations on the optimization of Si and Cu2+ contents, it was concluded that Cu-SAPO-17-8.0%-0.22 displays favorable catalytic performance, even after being heated at 353 K for 24 h and at 973 K for 16 h. Moreover, the locations of CHAs, host–guest interaction and the Bronsted acid sites were explored by Rietveld refinement against powder X-ray diffraction data of as-made SAPO-17-8.0%. The refinement results showed that two CHAs exist within one eri cage and that the protonated CHA forms a hydrogen bond with O4, which indicates that the proton bonding with O4 will form the Bronsted acid site after the calcination.

Phonon States and Dispersive Spectra of Polar Optical Phonons in Quasi-One-Dimensional Nanowires of Wurtzite ZnO and Zinc-Blend MgO Semiconductors

Within the framework of the macroscopic dielectric continuum model and Loudon＇s uniaxial crystal model, the phonon modes of a wurtzite/zinc-blende one-dimensional （1D） cylindrical nanowire （NW） are derived and studied. The analytical phonon states of phonon modes are given. It is found that there exist two types of polar phonon modes, i.e. interface optical （IO） phonon modes and the quasi-confined （QC） phonon modes existing in 1D wurtzite/zinc-blende NWs. Via the standard procedure of field quantization, the Fr6hlich electron-phonon interaction Hamiltonians are obtained. Numerical calculations of dispersive behavior of these phonon modes on a wurtzite/zinc-blende ZnO/MgO NW are performed. The frequency ranges of the IO and QC phonon modes of the ZnO/MgO NWs are analyzed and discussed. It is found that the IO modes only exist in one frequency range, while QC modes may appear in three frequency ranges. The dispersive properties of the IO and QC modes on the free wave-number kz and the azimuthal quantum number m are discussed. The analytical Hamiltonians of electron-phonon interaction obtained here are quite useful for further investigating phonon influence on optoelectronics properties of wurtzite/zinc-blende 1D NW structures.

The Cultural Diaspora Perspective on Translation Studies

Along with the process of globalization, diaspora has already become an eye-catching cultural phenomenon. More people cross borders of nations, leave their homeland and live in new homes, but they still maintain the characteristics of native culture and convention. The cultural turn in translation studies offers the best chance to understand more about the complexities of textual transfer and the patterns of cultural interaction. By virtue of this mode of cultural interaction, this paper has analyzed the translation practice and translation strategies from the cultural diaspora perspective, to deeply understand the relations between translation and culture beyond linguistic analysis. As in-between culture identity translators may re-examine two cultures with different eyes to find the intersection of two cultures and gain a balanced point. This move requires translators who play the role of intermediaries between cultures, to select the heterogeneous reconstruction, so as to achieve the intercultural communication in the translation activity