[Objective] To study virtual plant modeling based on mutual feedback of function-structure.[Method] With the analysis of the shortcomings of current virtual plant modeling method,the modeling with the idea of function...[Objective] To study virtual plant modeling based on mutual feedback of function-structure.[Method] With the analysis of the shortcomings of current virtual plant modeling method,the modeling with the idea of function-structure mutual feedback was put forward,and the steps of this modeling were elaborated,including the determination of morphological structure model,biomass production model,biomass allocation model,organ reconstruction model,and the integration method of function model and morphological structure model.[Results] The breakthrough of function-structure mutual feedback based mechanism from the boundaries of physiological ecology model and morphological structure model can solve the difficulty of data transmission between the two models and build an integrated model from the two,which can effectively reflect the incidence relation between plant morphology and function,and more suitable for the growth mechanisms of plants.This modeling approach has significant advantages in the dynamic simulation of plant growth.[Conclusion] The virtual plant modeling based on function-structure mutual feedback provides basis for the simulation of plant growth status in the next stage,and has important significance for the accurate simulation of the dynamic growth process of plant.展开更多
The interacting boson model for anomalous rotational bands is proposed. In the rotational SU(3) limit,an asymptotic limit is discussed. Within the framework of the model several analytic relations for energies and ele...The interacting boson model for anomalous rotational bands is proposed. In the rotational SU(3) limit,an asymptotic limit is discussed. Within the framework of the model several analytic relations for energies and electro-magnetic transition rates are derived.展开更多
Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is still a worldwide health problem;however,the current antiviral therapies for chronic hepatitis B are limited in efficacy.The outcome of HBV infection is thought to be the result of ...Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is still a worldwide health problem;however,the current antiviral therapies for chronic hepatitis B are limited in efficacy.The outcome of HBV infection is thought to be the result of complex interactions between the HBV and the host immune system.While the role of the adaptive immune responses in the resolution of HBV infection has been well characterized,the contribution of innate immune mechanisms remains elusive until recent evidence implicates that HBV appears to activate the innate immune response and this response is important for controlling HBV infection.Here,we review our current understanding of innate immune responses to HBV infection and the multifaceted evasion by the virus and discuss the potential strategies to combat chronic HBV infection via induction and restoration of host innate antiviral responses.展开更多
This paper reviews important second language research on recasts in response to a recent debate between Goo and Mackey （2013） and Lyster and Ranta （2013） in the journal Studies in Second Language Acquisition. It b...This paper reviews important second language research on recasts in response to a recent debate between Goo and Mackey （2013） and Lyster and Ranta （2013） in the journal Studies in Second Language Acquisition. It begins by clarifying the definition of recasts and then examines several controversial issues featuring prominently in the debate, including the theoretical underpinnings of existing research on recasts, mixed findings about their effectiveness in language acquisition, and methodological concerns in effectiveness research. The primary aim of this paper is to demarcate common ground and disagreement that are emerging in this debate and, based on a synthesis and critique of previous empirical studies, to identify directions for future research. It also explores pedagogical implications of recasts research for English-as-a-foreign-language contexts.展开更多
Carbon nanotubes （CNTs） have emerged as an important material for printed macroelectronics. However, achieving printed complementary macroelectronics solely based on CNTs is difficult because it is still challenging...Carbon nanotubes （CNTs） have emerged as an important material for printed macroelectronics. However, achieving printed complementary macroelectronics solely based on CNTs is difficult because it is still challenging to make reliable n-type CNT transistors. In this study, we report threshold voltage （Vth） tuning and printing of complementary transistors and inverters composed of thin films of CNTs and indium zinc oxide （IZO） as p-type and n-type transistors, respectively. We have optimized the Vth of p-type transistors by comparing Ti/Au and Ti/Pd as source/drain electrodes, and observed that CNT transistors with Ti/Au electrodes exhibited enhancement mode operation （Vth 〈 0）. In addition, the optimized In：Zn ratio offers good n-type transistors with high on-state current （Ion） and enhancement mode operation （Vth 〉 0）. For example, an In：Zn ratio of 2：1 yielded an enhancement mode n-type transistor with Vth - 1 V and Ion of 5.2 μA. Furthermore, by printing a CNT thin film and an IZO thin film on the same substrate, we have fabricated a complementary inverter with an output swing of 99.6% of the supply voltage and a voltage gain of 16.9. This work shows the promise of the hybrid integration of p-type CNT and n-type IZO for complementary transistors and circuits.展开更多
In a recent measurement LHCb reported pronounced structures in the J/ψJ/ψspectrum.One of the various possible explanations of those is that they emerge from non-perturbative interactions of vector charmonia.It is th...In a recent measurement LHCb reported pronounced structures in the J/ψJ/ψspectrum.One of the various possible explanations of those is that they emerge from non-perturbative interactions of vector charmonia.It is thus important to understand whether it is possible to form a bound state of two charmonia interacting through the exchange of gluons,which hadronise into two pions at the longest distance.In this paper,we demonstrate that,given our current understanding of hadron-hadron interactions,the exchange of correlated light mesons(pions and kaons)is able to provide sizeable attraction to the di-J/ψsystem,and it is possible for two J/ψmesons to form a bound state.As a side result we find from an analysis of the data for theψ/(2 S)J/ψππtransition including bothππand KK final state interactions an improved value for theψ(2 S)→J/ψtransition chromo-electric polarisability:|αψ(2 S)J/ψ|=(1.8±0.1)GeV-3,where the uncertainty also includes the one induced by the final state interactions.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (610620-07)the Principal Fund Project of Tarim University (TDZKSS201115)~~
文摘[Objective] To study virtual plant modeling based on mutual feedback of function-structure.[Method] With the analysis of the shortcomings of current virtual plant modeling method,the modeling with the idea of function-structure mutual feedback was put forward,and the steps of this modeling were elaborated,including the determination of morphological structure model,biomass production model,biomass allocation model,organ reconstruction model,and the integration method of function model and morphological structure model.[Results] The breakthrough of function-structure mutual feedback based mechanism from the boundaries of physiological ecology model and morphological structure model can solve the difficulty of data transmission between the two models and build an integrated model from the two,which can effectively reflect the incidence relation between plant morphology and function,and more suitable for the growth mechanisms of plants.This modeling approach has significant advantages in the dynamic simulation of plant growth.[Conclusion] The virtual plant modeling based on function-structure mutual feedback provides basis for the simulation of plant growth status in the next stage,and has important significance for the accurate simulation of the dynamic growth process of plant.
文摘The interacting boson model for anomalous rotational bands is proposed. In the rotational SU(3) limit,an asymptotic limit is discussed. Within the framework of the model several analytic relations for energies and electro-magnetic transition rates are derived.
基金supported by the German ResearchFoundation(SFB/Transregio TRR60)the InternationalScience&Technology Cooperation Program of China(Grant 2011DFA31030)the National Key BasicResearch Program of China(2012CB519005)
文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is still a worldwide health problem;however,the current antiviral therapies for chronic hepatitis B are limited in efficacy.The outcome of HBV infection is thought to be the result of complex interactions between the HBV and the host immune system.While the role of the adaptive immune responses in the resolution of HBV infection has been well characterized,the contribution of innate immune mechanisms remains elusive until recent evidence implicates that HBV appears to activate the innate immune response and this response is important for controlling HBV infection.Here,we review our current understanding of innate immune responses to HBV infection and the multifaceted evasion by the virus and discuss the potential strategies to combat chronic HBV infection via induction and restoration of host innate antiviral responses.
文摘This paper reviews important second language research on recasts in response to a recent debate between Goo and Mackey （2013） and Lyster and Ranta （2013） in the journal Studies in Second Language Acquisition. It begins by clarifying the definition of recasts and then examines several controversial issues featuring prominently in the debate, including the theoretical underpinnings of existing research on recasts, mixed findings about their effectiveness in language acquisition, and methodological concerns in effectiveness research. The primary aim of this paper is to demarcate common ground and disagreement that are emerging in this debate and, based on a synthesis and critique of previous empirical studies, to identify directions for future research. It also explores pedagogical implications of recasts research for English-as-a-foreign-language contexts.
文摘Carbon nanotubes （CNTs） have emerged as an important material for printed macroelectronics. However, achieving printed complementary macroelectronics solely based on CNTs is difficult because it is still challenging to make reliable n-type CNT transistors. In this study, we report threshold voltage （Vth） tuning and printing of complementary transistors and inverters composed of thin films of CNTs and indium zinc oxide （IZO） as p-type and n-type transistors, respectively. We have optimized the Vth of p-type transistors by comparing Ti/Au and Ti/Pd as source/drain electrodes, and observed that CNT transistors with Ti/Au electrodes exhibited enhancement mode operation （Vth 〈 0）. In addition, the optimized In：Zn ratio offers good n-type transistors with high on-state current （Ion） and enhancement mode operation （Vth 〉 0）. For example, an In：Zn ratio of 2：1 yielded an enhancement mode n-type transistor with Vth - 1 V and Ion of 5.2 μA. Furthermore, by printing a CNT thin film and an IZO thin film on the same substrate, we have fabricated a complementary inverter with an output swing of 99.6% of the supply voltage and a voltage gain of 16.9. This work shows the promise of the hybrid integration of p-type CNT and n-type IZO for complementary transistors and circuits.
基金supported in part by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)under Grants No.XDPB15,No.XDB34030000,and No.QYZDB-SSW-SYS013the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grants No.11835015,No.12047503 and No.11961141012+1 种基金the NSFC and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)through the funds provided to the Sino-German Collaborative Research Center‘‘Symmetries and the Emergence of Structure in QCD”(NSFC Grant No.12070131001,DFG Project-ID 196253076–TRR110)supported by Ministry of Science and Education of Russian Federation under Grant 14.W03.31.0026。
文摘In a recent measurement LHCb reported pronounced structures in the J/ψJ/ψspectrum.One of the various possible explanations of those is that they emerge from non-perturbative interactions of vector charmonia.It is thus important to understand whether it is possible to form a bound state of two charmonia interacting through the exchange of gluons,which hadronise into two pions at the longest distance.In this paper,we demonstrate that,given our current understanding of hadron-hadron interactions,the exchange of correlated light mesons(pions and kaons)is able to provide sizeable attraction to the di-J/ψsystem,and it is possible for two J/ψmesons to form a bound state.As a side result we find from an analysis of the data for theψ/(2 S)J/ψππtransition including bothππand KK final state interactions an improved value for theψ(2 S)→J/ψtransition chromo-electric polarisability:|αψ(2 S)J/ψ|=(1.8±0.1)GeV-3,where the uncertainty also includes the one induced by the final state interactions.
