水稻幼苗中胚轴长度QTL及与Fe^(2+)浓度的互作效应的遗传分析

应用珍汕97B/密阳46的RIL群体及其构建的分子连锁图谱,在4个浓度的FeSO4处理下发芽,测定中胚轴长度。采用QTLMapper基因定位软件检测控制中胚轴长度的加性效应QTLs和加性×加性上位性QTLs,分别在1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、11、12等染色体上定位了27个控制中胚轴长度的QTLs,其中在第1、5、9等3条染色体上定位了6个具有加性效应的QTLs。在CK和FeSO41.79mmol/L浓度下,在第5染色体长臂相邻区间检测到1个加性效应QTL,其增效等位基因来自于父本密阳46,它能使中胚轴伸长0.042cm(CK)、0.172cm(1.79mmol/L),贡献率分别为4.3%和11.4%;在高浓度FeSO4(7.16mmol/L和14.32mmol/L)下分别在1、5、9染色体上检测到的4个加性效应QTL,贡献率为3.5%～10.4%,3个QTL中来自于母本珍汕97B的等位基因使中胚轴伸长0.024～0.046cm,1个QTL来自父本的增效等位基因使中胚轴伸长0.033cm。同时在第5染色体长臂上检测到具有显著的加性效应与Fe2+互作效应的QTL1个。

用浊点法－平衡釜法－变温法测定四组二元系互溶度数据

用浊点法、定组成变温法、平衡釜法３种实验方法，分别测定了糠醛－水二元物系在２０～９０℃之间、乙酸乙酯－水二元系在２５～６０℃之间以及乙酸甲酯－水在２５～５０℃之间不同温度下三组二元系互溶度数据。用平衡釜法同时测定了二氯甲烷－水二元物系在１５～４０℃之间的互溶度数据。分析了３种自制实验装置的结构对测定准确性的影响。比较了３种实验方法在结果准确性、方法的难易程度以及对不同物系的适用性方面的优缺点。

The Inhibitory Degree Between Skeletonema costatum and Dinoflagllate Prorocentrum donghaiense at Different Concentrations of Phosphate and Nitrate/Phosphate Ratios

Interactions between Skeletonema costatum (S. costatum) and Prorocentrum donghaiense (P. donghaiiense) were inves-tigated using bi-algal cultures at different concentrations of phosphate (PO4-P) and nitrate/phosphate (N/P) ratios. Experiments were conducted under P-limited conditions and the Lotka-Volterra mathematical model was used to simulate the growth of S. costatum and P. donghaiense in the bi-algal cultures. Both of these two species were inhibited significantly in bi-algal culture. The results of the simulation showed that the inhibitory degree of S. costaum by P. donghaiense was high when the concentration of PO4-P was low (0.1μmolL-1/2 d), but that of P. donghaiense by S. costaum was high with increased PO4-P supply (0.6μmolL-1/2 d). At low concen-tration of PO4-P (0.1μmolL-1/2 d), or high concentration of PO4-P (0.6μmolL-1/2 d) with high N/P ratio (160), the interactions be-tween S. costatum and P. donghaiense were dependent on the initial cell densities of both species. At high concentration of PO4-P (0.6μmolL-1/2 d) with low N/P ratio (25 or 80), S. costatum exhibited a survival strategy superior to that of P. donghaiense. The de-gree of inhibition of P. donghaiense by S. costaum increased with elevated N/P ratio when the medium was supplemented with con-centration 0.1μmolL-1/2 d of PO4-P. The degree of inhibition to P. donghaiense by S. costaum increased with elevated N/P ratio at low concentration of PO4-P (0.1 μmolL-1/2 d). This trend was conversed at high concentration of PO4-P (0.6μmolL-1/2 d). However, the degree of inhibition of S. costaum by P. donghaiense increased with the increased N/P ratio at different PO4-P concentrations (0.1μmolL-1/2 d and 0.6μmolL-1/2 d). These results suggested that both phosphate concentration and N/P ratio affected the competition between S. costaum and P. donghaiense: P. donghaiense is more competitive in environments with low phosphate or high N/P ratio and the influence of N/P ratio on the competition was more significant with lower phosphate concentration.

Interaction in Binary Mixtures of Gemini Surfactant G12-6-12 and CTAB by NMR

The interaction between N, N′-bis（dimethyldodecyl）-1,6-hexanediammoniumdibromide （G12-6-12） and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide （CTAB） in D20 aqueous medium has been investigated by NMR at 298 K. The G12-6-12 and CTAB are about 0.773 and measured critical micelle concentration （cmc） of 0.668 mmol/L, respectively. The cmc^＊ （cmc of mixture） values are less than CMC^＊ （cmc of ideally mixed solution） in the mixed system, and the interaction parameter βM〈0 at different molar fractions α of G12-6-12 in the mixed systems, but just when α≤0.3, cmc^＊ values are much smaller than CMC^＊, and βM satisfies the relation of ｜βM｜〉｜ln（cmc1/cmc2）｜ （cmcl： cmc of pure G12-6-12 and cmc2： cmc Of pure CTAB）. The results indicate that there exists synergism between G12-6-12 and CTAB, and they can form mixed micelles, which is further proven by 2D NOESY and self-diffusion coefficient D experiments. There are intermolecular cross peaks between G12-6-12 and CTAB in 2D NOESY, and the radius of micelles in mixed solution is bigger than that in G12-6-12 pure solution in D experiments, indicating there are mixed micelles. However, when α〉0.3, we find that cmc^＊≈CMC^＊, βM≈0, obviously, the two surfactants are almost ideal mixing fitting the pseudo-phase separation model and regular solution theory.

Intermolecular Interactions in Self-Assembly Process of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate by Vertically Polarized Raman Spectra

Molecular self-assembly is extremely important in many fields, but the characterization of their corresponding intermolecular interactions is still lacking. The C-H stretching Raman band can reflect the hydrophobic interactions during the self-assembly process of sodium dodecyl sulfate （SDS） in aqueous solutions. However, the Raman spectra in this region are seriously overlapped by the OH stretching band of water. In this work, vertically polarized Raman spectra were used to improve the detection sensitivity of spectra of C-H region for the first time. The spectral results showed that the first critical micelle concentration and the second critical micelle concentration of SDS in water were 8.5 and 69 mmol/L, respectively, which were consistent with the results given by surface tension measurements. Because of the high sensitivity of vertically polarized Raman spectra, the critical micelle concentration of SDS in a relatively high concentration of salt solution could be obtained in our experiment. The two critical concentrations of SDS in 100 mmol/L NaCl solution were recorded to be 1.8 and 16.5 mmol/L, respectively. Through comparing the spectra and surface tension of SDS in water and in NaCl solution, the self-assembly process in bulk phase and at interface were discussed. The interactions among salt ions, SDS and water molecules were also analyzed. These results demonstrated the vertically polarized Raman spectra could be employed to study the self-assembly process of SDS in water.

Investigation of condition-induced bubble size and distribution in electroflotation using a high-speed camera

In the flotation process, bubble is a key factor in studying bubble-particle interaction and fine particle flo- tation. Knowledge on size distribution of bubbles in a flotation system is highly important. In this study, bubble distributions in different reagent concentrations, electrolyte concentrations, cathode apertures, and current densities in electroflotation are determined using a high-speed camera. Average bubble sizes under different conditions are calculated using Image-Pro@ Plus （Media Cybernetics@, MD, USA） and SigmaScan@ Pro （Systat Software, CA, USA） software. Results indicate that the average sizes of bubbles, which were generated through 38, 50, 74, 150, 250, 420, and 1000 μm cathode apertures, are 20.2, 29.5, 44.6, 59.2, 68.7, 78.5, and 88.8 μm, respectively. The optimal current density in electroflotation is 20 A/m2. Reagent and electrolyte concentrations, current density, and cathode aperture are important factors in controlling bubble size and nucleation. These factors also contribute to the control of fine- Particle flotation.

Corona Discharge Ion Mobility Spectrometry of Ten Alcohols

Ion mobility spectra for ten alcohols have been studied in an ion mobility spectrometry apparatus equipped with a corona discharge ionization source. Using protonated water cluster ions as the reactant ions and clean air as the drift gas, the alcohols exhibit different product ion characteristic peaks in their ion mobility spectra. The detection limit for these alcohols is at low concentration pmol/L level according to the concentration calibration by exponential dilution method. Based on the measured ion mobilities, several chemical physics parameters of the ion-molecular interaction at atmosphere were obtained, including the ionic collision cross sections, diffusion coefficients, collision rate constants, and the ionic radii under the hard-sphere model approximation.

Mechanism Research of Hg^0 Oxidation by Pulse Corona Induced Plasma Chemical Process

The oxidation of Hg^0 by Pulse Corona Induced Plasma Chemical Process （PPCP） was investigated through changing discharge voltage, pulse frequency and gas compositions. Experimental results indicate that active radicals including O, O3 and OH can contribute to the oxidation of elemental mercury. 10 kV is the onset voltage, and the higher voltage the better removal efficiency. While with the increase of pulse frequency, the Hg^0 concentration falls rapidly at first but then rises rapidly. The best oxidation condition is at 12 kV and 600-800 PPS. Adding O2 can significantly promote oxidation. With NO and SO2 existed, there is an inhibition of mercury oxidation, and NO has a greater influence. Addition of HCl can promote oxidation slightly but affect the initial concentration of mercury significantly. Little moisture content can promote oxidation, while too much H2O can not only resist the oxidation, but also affect the initial concentration of mercury. The mercury oxidation rate can increase to 97.95% at 12 kV/800 PPS with the system of 10% 02/3% H2O/50 ppm HCI. However, mercury oxidation efficiency can reduce down to 20% with 100 ppm NO added.

Study of the Interaction of Dimethyl-β-Cyclodextrin （M-CD） and Phenolthalin by Color

This paper reports the spectrophotometrical determination of the dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin （M-fl-CD）. The inclusion phenomenal of phenolthalin by M-β-CD is verified by the red color fading gradually with the increasing concentration of M-β-CD.

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Effect of Salt on the Compromise of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Interactions in Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Micelle Solutions

The presence of salt has a profound effect on the size,shape and structure of sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)micelles.There have been a great number of experiments on SDS micelles in the presence and absence of salt to study this complex problem.Unfortunately,it is not clear yet how electrolyte ions influence the structure of micelles.By describing the compromise between dominant mechanisms,a simplified atomic model of SDS in presence of salt has been developed and the molecular dynamics(MD)simulations of two series of systems with different concentrations of salt and charges of ion have been performed.Polydispersity of micelle size is founded at relatively high concentration of SDS and low charge of cation.Although the counter-ion pairs with head groups are formed,the transition of micelle shape is not observed because the charge of cation is not enough to neutralize the polar of micelle surface.

A Case Study on Parameters Influencing Dust Accumulation on CSP Reflectors

The effect of dust accumulation on CST （concentrated solar thermal） reflectors is to deflect, or scatter, incident light rays missing the receiver with a subsequent power produced loss. Dust fouling is site specific, and the understanding of interactions between different weather and or environmental parameters is crucial for plant profitability. This research intends to provide useful insights on the interaction between the most relevant weather parameters affecting soil accumulation. Results show a significant dependency of dust concentration versus humidity and ambient temperature, as well as a nexus between wind speed and ambient temperature seems to exist. As long as the temperature decreases an increase of humidity and dust concentration occurs. This phenomenon takes place mostly overnight till the first hours of the morning. Therefore, mirror＇s reflectance looks extremely affected by dust accumulation because of high humidity rate during the night and dews of early morning. Further investigations are required to validate the hypothesis that, a more effective cleaning activitie to restore plants＇ reflectivity are to be carried out during the early morning.

Process Optimization on Anaerobic Treatment of Citric Acid Wastewater

[Objective] The aim was to obtain higher COD removal rate so as to guide the process of citric acid industrial wastewater. [Method] The effects of controllable factors, acidification time, hydraulic retention time, and influent COD concentration, in-anaerobic treatment process of citric acid wastewater on COD removal rate were studied and the COD removal rate was optimized by response surface method. [Result] There was no interaction between acidification time and the other two factors. It was showed that hydraulic retention time and influent COD concentration had significant effect on COD removal rate and there was interaction between the two factors. The optimum COD removing process conditions was as follows: acidification time 1.53 h, hydraulic retention time 3.52 h and influent COD concentration 2 698 mg/L. Under the optimized conditions, the COD removal rate was 93.31% and it was much closed to the experimental result, 93.29%. [Conclusion] Using response surface method to optimize the anaerobic treatment of citric acid wastewater can result in optimized achievement.

Advances in studying interactions between aerosols and monsoon in China

Scientific issues relevant to interactions between aerosols and the Asian monsoon climate were discussed and evaluated at the 33 rd "Forum of Science and Technology Frontiers" sponsored by the Department of Earth Sciences at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Major results are summarized in this paper. The East Asian monsoon directly affects aerosol transport and provides a favorable background circulation for the occurrence and development of persistent fog-haze weather. Spatial features of aerosol transport and distribution are also influenced by the East Asian monsoon on seasonal, inter-annual, and decadal scales. High moisture levels in monsoon regions also affect aerosol optical and radiative properties. Observation analyses indicate that cloud physical properties and precipitation are significantly affected by aerosols in China with aerosols likely suppressing local light and moderate rainfall, and intensifying heavy rainfall in southeast coastal regions. However, the detailed mechanisms behind this pattern still need further exploration. The decadal variation in the East Asian monsoon strongly affects aerosol concentrations and their spatial patterns. The weakening monsoon circulation in recent decades has likely helped to increase regional aerosol concentrations. The substantial increase in Chinese air pollutants has likely decreased the temperature difference between land and sea, which favors intensification of the weakening monsoon circulation. Constructive suggestions regarding future studies on aerosols and monsoons were proposed in this forum and key uncertain issues were also discussed.

Research on the interaction mechanism between quantum dots and radionuclides for the improvement of Cerenkov luminescence imaging

Cerenkov luminescence imaging(CLI) is a relatively new optical molecular imaging technique. The nature of Stokes shift in quantum dots(QD) can be used to improve the quality of CLI. However, the interaction mechanism of QD with Cerenkov light remains unclear. In this work, the interaction mechanism between QD and radionuclides emitting β rays, γ rays, and Cerenkov light was investigated. The 96-well plates were used to test the different levels of radioactivity of radionuclides with different QD concentrations. Transparent vials were used to determine the relationship between QD fluorescence intensity and the distance from QD to the radionuclide. In addition, black paper was used to block the transmission of Cerenkov light through the QD vials. A linear relationship was found between the number of photons and the radioactivity of radionuclides when the QD concentration was kept constant. Similarly, the number of photons was linearly related to the QD concentration when the radioactivity of radionuclides was kept constant. Furthermore, with the increases in the distance between radionuclides and quantum dots, the number of photons was exponentially decreased. Meanwhile, the number of photons emitted from QD excited by Cerenkov light accounted for 20% the total number of photons excited by 131 I radionuclide. The result proved that QD was not only excited by Cerenkov light but also by other rays.

Interactions Between Exogenous Rare Earth Elements and Phosphorus Leaching in Packed Soil Columns

Rare earth elements （REEs） increasingly used in agriculture as an amendment for crop growth may help to lessen environmental losses of phosphorus （P） from heavily fertilized soils. The vertical transport characteristics of P and REEs, lanthanum （La）, neodymium （Nd）, samarium （Sin）, and cerium （Ce）, were investigated with addition of exogenous REEs at various doses to packed soil columns （20 cm deep）. Vertical transfers of REEs and P were relatively small, with transport depths less than 6 cm for most REEs and P. Export of applied REEs in leachate accounted for less that 5% of inputs. The addition of Ce, Nd and Sm to soil columns significantly decreased concentrations of extractable soil P up to a depth of 4 cm, with soil P concentrations unaffected at depths 〉 4 cm. In general, REEs had little effect on the vertical leaching of P in packed soil columns.

IgG and fibrinogen driven nanoparticle aggregation

A thorough understanding of how proteins induce nanoparticle （NP） aggregation is crucial when designing in vitro and in vivo assays and interpreting experimental results. This knowledge is also crucial when developing nano-applications and formulation for drug delivery systems. In this study, we found that extraction of immunoglobulin G （IgG） from cow serum results in lower polystyrene NPs aggregation. Moreover, addition of isolated IgG or fibrinogen to fetal cow serum enhanced this aggregation, thus demonstrating that these factors are major drivers of NP aggregation in serum. Counter-intuitively, NP aggregation was inversely dependent on protein concentration; i.e., low protein concentrations induced large aggregates, whereas high protein concentrations induced small aggregates. Protein-induced NP aggregation and aggregate size were monitored by absorbance at 400 nm and dynamic light scattering, respectively. Here, we propose a mechanism behind the protein concentration dependent aggregation; this mechanism involves the effects of multiple protein interactions on the NP surface, surface area limitations, aggregation kinetics, and the influence of other serum proteins.

Interaction between curcumin and mimetic biomembrane

Curcumin, a major bioactive compound in turmeric, has a broad spectrum of antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic and anti-inflammatory properties. At the molecular level, curcumin modulates many structurally unrelated membrane proteins through several signaling pathways. Curcumin has been suggested to change the properties of cell membranes and affect the membrane-bound proteins indirectly; however, the detailed mechanism has yet to be investigated. In this paper, self-assembled bilayer lipid membranes are artificially constructed on the surface of a gold electrode to miinic biomembranes, and interaction between the supported membranes and curcumin is studied electrochemically. Results show that curcumin interacts with the membranes strongly, in a concentration-dependent manner. At low concentrations, curcumin tends to insert into the outer monolayer only, while at high concentrations, it may also begin to penetrate the inner monolayer. The results obtained in this work may enhance our understanding of the effect of curcumin, and possibly flavonoids, on ceU membranes and membrane proteins.

METHOD FOR QUICKLY INFERRING THE MECHANISMS OF LARGE-SCALE COMPLEX NETWORKS BASED ON THE CENSUS OF SUBGRAPH CONCENTRATIONS

A Mechanism-Inferring method of networks exploited from machine learning theory caneffectively evaluate the predicting performance of a network model.The existing method for inferringnetwork mechanisms based on a census of subgraph numbers has some drawbacks,especially the needfor a runtime increasing strongly with network size and network density.In this paper,an improvedmethod has been proposed by introducing a census algorithm of subgraph concentrations.Networkmechanism can be quickly inferred by the new method even though the network has large scale andhigh density.Therefore,the application perspective of mechanism-inferring method has been extendedinto the wider fields of large-scale complex networks.By applying the new method to a case of proteininteraction network,the authors obtain the same inferring result as the existing method,which approvesthe effectiveness of the method.

A review of ecological impacts of global climate change on persistent organic pollutant and mercury pathways and exposures in arctic marine ecosystems

Bioaccumulative and biomagnifying contaminants, such as persistent organic pollutants （POPs） and mercury （Hg）, have for decades been recognized as a health concern in arctic marine biota. In recent years, global climate change （GCC） and related loss of arctic sea ice have been observed to be driving substantial change in arctic ecosystems. This review summarizes findings documenting empirical links between GCC-induced ecological changes and alterations in POP and Hg exposures and pathways in arctic marine ecosystems. Most of the studies have reported changes in POP or Hg concentrations in tissue in relation to GCC-induced changes in species trophic interactions. These studies have typically focused on the role of changes in abun- dance, habitat range or accessibility of prey species, particularly in relation to sea ice changes. Yet, the ecological change that re- suited in contaminant trend changes has often been unclear or assumed. Other studies have successfully used chemical tracers, such as stable nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios and fatty acid signatures to link such ecological changes to contaminant level variations or trends. Lower sea ice linked-diet changes/variation were associated with higher contaminant levels in some popula- tions of polar bears, ringed seals, and thick-billed murres, but the influence of changing trophic interactions on POP levels and trends varied widely in both magnitude and direction. We suggest that future research in this new area of GCC-linked ecotox- icology should focus on routine analysis of ancillary ecological metrics with POP and Hg studies, simultaneous consideration of the multiple mechanisms by which GCC and contaminant interactions can occur, and targeted research on changing exposures and toxicological effects in species known to be sensitive to both GCC and contaminants [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 617-628, 2015].

Pharmacokinetic interaction of Acacia catechu with CYP1A substrate theophylline in rabbits

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of black catechu(BC) on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline(CYP1A2 substrate,with narrow therapeutic index)in rabbits.METHODS:In the present investigation the effect of BC on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline,a CYP1A2 substrate was determined.In the study,BC(264 mg/kg,p.o.) or saline(control group) was given to rabbits for 7 consecutive days and on the 8^(th)day theophylline(16 mg/kg) was administered orally one hour after BC or saline treatment.Blood samples were withdrawn at different time intervals(0.5,1,1.5,2,3,4,6,8,12,24 and 36 h) from the marginal ear vein.RESULTS:The pretreatment of rabbits with BC resulted in a significant increase in maximum blood concentration,time of peak concentration and area under the concentration time profile curve until last observation which was about 41.32%,35.71%and 15.03%,respectively.While decreases in clearance,volume of distribution,and half-life were observed.It is suggested that BC pretreatment decreases the CYP1 A metabolic activity leading to increase in bioavailability and decrease in oral clearance of theophylline,which may be due to inhibition of CYP1 A.CONCLUSION:BC can significantly alter theophylline pharmacokinetics in vivo possibly due to inhibition of CYP1 A and P-glycoprotein activity.Based on these results,precaution should be exercised when administering BC with CYP1 A substrate.