浅析《说文解字·示部》字与上古祭祀习俗的互现性

《说文解字·示部》字反映了中国上古祭祀习俗,体现了上古祭祀习俗中关于时间、地点、对象、用品、方式、名称等丰富的内容。上古祭祀习俗反过来又揭示了这些字的产生缘由,这些汉字也因之得以流传至今。通过分析和归纳发现:这些"示"部字和上古祭祀习俗都承载着人们趋福除难的美好愿望。《说文解字·示部》字和上古祭祀习俗不仅具有共同的特征,又存在着相互影响、相互作用的关系,即具有互现性,这对于研究汉字与中国历史文化的关系具有重要意义。

Emergent Swarming States in Active Particles System with Opposite Anisotropic Interactions

From the organization of animal flocks to the emergence of swarming behaviors in bacterial suspension,populations of motile organisms at all scales display coherent collective motion.Recent studies showed that the anisotropic interaction between active particles plays a key role in the phase behaviors.Here we investigate the collective behaviors of based-active Janus particles that experience an anisotropic interaction of which the orientation is opposite to the direction of active force by using Langevin dynamics simulations in two dimensional space.Interestingly,the system shows emergence of collective swarming states upon increasing the total area fraction of particles,which is not observed in systems without anisotropic interaction or activity.The threshold for emergence of swarming states decreases as particle activity or interaction strength increases.We have also performed basic kinetic analysis to reproduce the essential features of the simulation results.Our results demonstrate that anisotropic interactions at the individual level are sufficient to set homogeneous active particles into stable directed motion.

Combined mass and heat exchange network synthesis based on stage-wise superstructure model

Integrating multiple systems into one has become an important trend in Process Systems Engineering research field since there is strong demand from the modern industries. In this study, a stage-wise superstructurebased method is proposed to synthesize a combined mass and heat exchange network(CM&HEN) which has two parts as the mass exchange network(MEN) and heat exchange network(HEN) involved. To express the possible heat exchange requirements resulted from mass exchange operations, a so called "indistinct HEN superstructure(IHS)", which can contain the all potential matches between streams, is constructed at first. Then, a non-linear programming(NLP) mathematical model is established for the simultaneous synthesis and optimization of networks. Therein, the interaction between mass exchange and heat exchange is modeling formulated.The NLP model has later been examined using an example from literature, and the effectiveness of the proposed method has been demonstrated with the results.

Wettability and Surface Free Energy Analyses of Monolayer Graphene

Recently Rafiee et al. experimentally demonstrated the wetting transparency of graphene, but there is still no comprehensive theoretical explanation of this physical phenomenon. Since surface free energy is one of the most important parameters characterizing material surfaces and is closely related to the wetting behavior, the surface free energy of suspended monolayer graphene is analyzed based on its microscopic formation mechanism. The surface free energy of suspended monolayer graphene is shown to be zero, which suggests its super-hydrophobicity. Neumann's equation of state is applied to further illustrate the contact angle, θ, of any liquid droplet on a suspended monolayer graphene is 180 o. This indicates that the van der Waals(vd W) interactions between the monolayer graphene and any liquid droplet are negligible; thus the monolayer graphene coatings exhibit wetting transparency to the underlying substrate. Moreover, molecular dynamics(MD) simulations are employed to further confirm the wetting transparency of graphene in comparison with experimental results of Rafiee et al. These findings provide a fundamental picture of wetting on ideal single atomic layer materials, including monolayer graphene. Thus, these results provide a useful guide for the design and manufacture of biomaterials, medical instruments, and renewable energy devices with monolayer graphene layers.

Peach skin effect:a quasi-superhydrophobic state with high adhesive force

The surface of a peach is known to exhibit spe- cial wettability and adhesion behaviors. We disclose that the peach surface is covered with long and short indumentums. The long indumentums are covered mainly with hydrophobic wax molecules, while the short indumentums are coated mostly with hydrophilic polysaccharides. Thus, the peach surface exhibits a quasi-superhydrophobic property and high adhesive force. A water droplet on the surface of a peach is a quasi-sphere, which is unable to roll off even when the peach is turned upside down. This is defined as the peach skin effect. We present that the quasi-superhydrophobic state with high adhesive force is attributed to the special coexisting Wenzel＇s and Cassie＇s state for water droplets, thus creating the strong interaction between the water droplet and surface.