井下爆破作业中拒爆、残爆的安全隐患及现场处置

客观介绍了拒爆、残爆的定义,阐述了拒爆、残爆造成的危害,分析了其产生的原因,并准确提出了拒爆、残爆的现场处置方法及预防措施。对确保矿井正常采掘作业,降低爆破材料消耗以及有效保护现场作业人员的生命安全,具有积极而重要的意义。

井下爆破作业安全管理事故研究

随着我国经济的不断快速发展,煤矿产业的规模也越做越大,但随之而来的矿井安全事故也时有发生,其中一项重要的原因就是缺乏安全管理的意识。我国矿井在进行破岩、井巷掘进开采时,大部分还是采用钻孔爆破的手段,这样就存在一定的安全隐患。因此,煤矿企业要加大安全管理,保证煤矿工人的生命安全。本文主要对井下爆破作业安全管理进行研究。

煤矿井下采煤爆破作业相关技术问题研究

文中为了保障煤矿井下采煤爆破作业质量,对其中相关技术问题进行分析,主要阐述爆破作业技术问题、爆破安全技术问题。通过分析可知,煤矿井下采煤爆破作业中主要存在起爆药卷、炮眼封堵、爆破连线方式等技术问题,同时安全技术应用存在缺陷,就这一点应当遵守相关技术要求,保障爆破质量与周边人员、设备的安全。

抑制无梯煤矿许用炸药爆燃倾向的尝试——无梯粉状硝铵炸药系列研究之三

本文通过对许用炸药的燃烧倾向及引燃机理的分析,在提高炸药轰感度的基础上,采取在炸药组份中加抑制燃烧的添加剂的途径,使无梯2号煤矿许用粉状硝铵炸药的抗爆燃能力可与相同安全等级的铵梯许用炸药相媲美。

Use of fuzzy set theory for minimizing overbreak in underground blasting operations——A case study of Alborz Tunnel,Iran

In order to increase the safety of working environment and decrease the unwanted costs related to overbreak in tunnel excavation projects, it is necessary to minimize overbreak percentage. Thus, based on regression analysis and fuzzy inference system, this paper tries to develop predictive models to estimate overbreak caused by blasting at the Alborz Tunnel. To develop the models, 202 datasets were utilized, out of which 182 were used for constructing the models. To validate and compare the obtained results,determination coefficient(R2) and root mean square error(RMSE) indexes were chosen. For the fuzzy model, R2 and RMSE are equal to 0.96 and 0.55 respectively, whereas for regression model, they are 0.41 and 1.75 respectively, proving that the fuzzy predictor performs, significantly, better than the statistical method. Using the developed fuzzy model, the percentage of overbreak was minimized in the Alborz Tunnel.