AIM： To determine the demography and clinical presentation of CD and secondly to determine any differences in the prevalence between the different ethnic groups in a multiracial Asian population. METHODS： Patients w...AIM： To determine the demography and clinical presentation of CD and secondly to determine any differences in the prevalence between the different ethnic groups in a multiracial Asian population. METHODS： Patients with CD who were seen in 2001- 2003 in the University of Malaya Medical Centre （UMMC） were enrolled in this study. Prevalence of disease was calculated for the group as a whole and by race with hospital admissions per ethnic group as the denominator. RESULTS： Thirty-four patients were diagnosed to have CD. Basic demographic data of patients; male：female 17：17; mean age 29.1 years （±13.5 years）; ethnic group： Malays 5 （14.7%）, Chinese 12 （35.3%） and Indians 17 （50%）. Twenty-six （76.5%） were diagnosed under the age of 40 and 8 （23.5%） were diagnosed over the age of 40. Location of the disease was as follows： ileocolonic 13 （38.2%）, terminal ileum only 9 （26.5%）, colon only 8 （23.5%）, and upper gastrointestinal 4 （11.8%）. Sixteen （47.1%） had penetrating disease, 9 （26.5%） had stricturing disease and 9 （26.5%） had nonpenetrating and non-stricturing disease. The hospital admission prevalence of CD was 26.0 overall, Indians 52.6, Chinese 6.9, and Malays 9.3 per 10^5 admissions per ethnic group. The difference between Indians and Malays： [OR 5.67 （1.97, 17.53）P〈 0.001] was statistically significant but not between the Indians and the Chinese [OR 1.95 （0.89, 4.35） P= 0.700]. The difference between the Chinese and the Malays was also not statistically significant. [OR 2.90 （0.95, 9.42）P= 0.063]. CONCLUSION： The clinical presentation of CD is similar to the Western experience. Although the overall prevalence is low, there appears to be a clear racial predominance among the Indians.展开更多
We studied the population dynamics of endangered mountain nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni between 2003-2005 in the Bale Mountains National Park. Line-transect sampling and total count methods were used to gather data on dem...We studied the population dynamics of endangered mountain nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni between 2003-2005 in the Bale Mountains National Park. Line-transect sampling and total count methods were used to gather data on demographics and movement patterns. The population＇s age-group composition was 58% adults, 25% sub-adults, 9% juveniles, 5% calves and 3% unidentified with a female-male sex ratio of 2：1. Population density was found to be significantly different between the two sub-populations （Dinsho Sanctuary and Gaysay/Adelay）. A significant difference was found for age-group composition across the two sub-populations except adult females, sub-adult males and calves. The Dinsho sub-population was an isolated group. Separation and containment of the mountain nyala population could have negatively affected their ability to search for habitat requirements and mates from distant areas. The population varied between 830-908 individuals （95% CI）, a reduction of 45% from earlier reports. However, the mean population density increased due to contraction of the species＇ habitat range. We observed a population decrease of 2%-5% per year over the course of our study. Many of the assessed demographic parameters did not significantly change over the three years. This suggests that the decrease in nyala population was not due to random variations in reproduction. Anthropogenic factors such as competition with livestock for forage, habitat encroachment and poaching by the local people might have been partly responsible for the depleted population in our study areas [Current Zoology 56 （6）： 660q569, 2010].展开更多
The reproduction rate of Equus przewalskii in this study increased from year to year showing that the wild horses have already felt comfortable in the new environment and became acclimatized successfully. Of the mares...The reproduction rate of Equus przewalskii in this study increased from year to year showing that the wild horses have already felt comfortable in the new environment and became acclimatized successfully. Of the mares which were born in Hustai National Park and successfully reached reproductive age, 24.7% first gave birth at age 3 and 55.6% of them first gave birth at age 4. The most effective age range within the breeding population was 5 to 15, 25%-89% of them giving birth and an average during 2002-2011 of 72.9%. Of the Przewalski＇s horses which died, 65% were foals, 9.4% subadult male, 7.7% subadult female, 7.2% adult male and 10.6% were adult females. Causes of mortality differed by age and sex although wolf attacks accounted for the predominant number of deaths among foals and subadults. Stallions usually died of bad condition and injuries but parturition problems were common causes of death among mares. The mortality rate of foals （40% in 1993-2011） is a matter of great concern since foals born in Hustai National Park are the only gain component now after the active reintroduction period came to an end. A total of 109 foals were killed by wolves in 1993-2011 but 52% of them were younger than one month.展开更多
文摘AIM： To determine the demography and clinical presentation of CD and secondly to determine any differences in the prevalence between the different ethnic groups in a multiracial Asian population. METHODS： Patients with CD who were seen in 2001- 2003 in the University of Malaya Medical Centre （UMMC） were enrolled in this study. Prevalence of disease was calculated for the group as a whole and by race with hospital admissions per ethnic group as the denominator. RESULTS： Thirty-four patients were diagnosed to have CD. Basic demographic data of patients; male：female 17：17; mean age 29.1 years （±13.5 years）; ethnic group： Malays 5 （14.7%）, Chinese 12 （35.3%） and Indians 17 （50%）. Twenty-six （76.5%） were diagnosed under the age of 40 and 8 （23.5%） were diagnosed over the age of 40. Location of the disease was as follows： ileocolonic 13 （38.2%）, terminal ileum only 9 （26.5%）, colon only 8 （23.5%）, and upper gastrointestinal 4 （11.8%）. Sixteen （47.1%） had penetrating disease, 9 （26.5%） had stricturing disease and 9 （26.5%） had nonpenetrating and non-stricturing disease. The hospital admission prevalence of CD was 26.0 overall, Indians 52.6, Chinese 6.9, and Malays 9.3 per 10^5 admissions per ethnic group. The difference between Indians and Malays： [OR 5.67 （1.97, 17.53）P〈 0.001] was statistically significant but not between the Indians and the Chinese [OR 1.95 （0.89, 4.35） P= 0.700]. The difference between the Chinese and the Malays was also not statistically significant. [OR 2.90 （0.95, 9.42）P= 0.063]. CONCLUSION： The clinical presentation of CD is similar to the Western experience. Although the overall prevalence is low, there appears to be a clear racial predominance among the Indians.
文摘We studied the population dynamics of endangered mountain nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni between 2003-2005 in the Bale Mountains National Park. Line-transect sampling and total count methods were used to gather data on demographics and movement patterns. The population＇s age-group composition was 58% adults, 25% sub-adults, 9% juveniles, 5% calves and 3% unidentified with a female-male sex ratio of 2：1. Population density was found to be significantly different between the two sub-populations （Dinsho Sanctuary and Gaysay/Adelay）. A significant difference was found for age-group composition across the two sub-populations except adult females, sub-adult males and calves. The Dinsho sub-population was an isolated group. Separation and containment of the mountain nyala population could have negatively affected their ability to search for habitat requirements and mates from distant areas. The population varied between 830-908 individuals （95% CI）, a reduction of 45% from earlier reports. However, the mean population density increased due to contraction of the species＇ habitat range. We observed a population decrease of 2%-5% per year over the course of our study. Many of the assessed demographic parameters did not significantly change over the three years. This suggests that the decrease in nyala population was not due to random variations in reproduction. Anthropogenic factors such as competition with livestock for forage, habitat encroachment and poaching by the local people might have been partly responsible for the depleted population in our study areas [Current Zoology 56 （6）： 660q569, 2010].
文摘The reproduction rate of Equus przewalskii in this study increased from year to year showing that the wild horses have already felt comfortable in the new environment and became acclimatized successfully. Of the mares which were born in Hustai National Park and successfully reached reproductive age, 24.7% first gave birth at age 3 and 55.6% of them first gave birth at age 4. The most effective age range within the breeding population was 5 to 15, 25%-89% of them giving birth and an average during 2002-2011 of 72.9%. Of the Przewalski＇s horses which died, 65% were foals, 9.4% subadult male, 7.7% subadult female, 7.2% adult male and 10.6% were adult females. Causes of mortality differed by age and sex although wolf attacks accounted for the predominant number of deaths among foals and subadults. Stallions usually died of bad condition and injuries but parturition problems were common causes of death among mares. The mortality rate of foals （40% in 1993-2011） is a matter of great concern since foals born in Hustai National Park are the only gain component now after the active reintroduction period came to an end. A total of 109 foals were killed by wolves in 1993-2011 but 52% of them were younger than one month.
