Reproductive biology of L. mormyrus was studied using monthly samples totaling 224 fish obtained from AI-Haneah fishing site, eastern Libya Mediterranean Sea. Lengths of the examined fish ranged between 11.5 cm and 23...Reproductive biology of L. mormyrus was studied using monthly samples totaling 224 fish obtained from AI-Haneah fishing site, eastern Libya Mediterranean Sea. Lengths of the examined fish ranged between 11.5 cm and 23.4 cm. Corresponding weights were 24.5 g and 160.8 g. The minimum values of the condition factors, KF and Kc, were 1.38 and 1.21 at the average fish length of 12.4 cm. These values increased with increases in length until they reached maximum values of 1.59 and 1.41 at the length of 22.1 cm. The high values of KF and Kc, Gonado-Somatic Index and oocyte diameter maintained during May, June, July, and August and the monthly changes in gonadal condition, indicated that summer was the breeding season of L. mormyrus. The oocyte diameter ranged between 379± 25.3 μ and 1,511 ± 143.3μ （n = 76） with an average of 895 ± 111.3 μ. The sex ratio was in favor of females during all months of the study. The overall sex ratio was 1 ： 1.52. Length at first maturity, Ls0, for L. mormyrus was found to be 14.15 cm for males and 14.45 for females. Overall average of absolute fecundity was 4,342±557 egg per fish （n = 45）. The overall average of relative fecundity was 234± 181 egg per cm. Absolute fecundity increased with increasing fish length.展开更多
Submicron stripe-shaped InGaN light-emitting diode （LED） arrays with individually addressable capabilities are demonstrated. The critical submicron- stripe metallic electrodes, which define the emission pattern, are...Submicron stripe-shaped InGaN light-emitting diode （LED） arrays with individually addressable capabilities are demonstrated. The critical submicron- stripe metallic electrodes, which define the emission pattern, are formed by direct LED writing in a mask-free manner. The individually addressable submicron-stripe LEDs show excellent performance in terms of their electrical characteristics （with typical turn-on voltage of 3 V, operational stability and power output up to 28 ~W at 3 mA）. Unlike conventional broad-sized LEDs, the efficiency droop of the submicron-stripe LED is significantly suppressed--in fact, there is no efficiency droop for current densities up to 100 A/cm^2. Furthermore, the submicron-stripe LED shows a lower temperature-dependent shift of the emission wavelength. The lateral emission width is increased with increasing injection current, resulting in a wider lateral emission size than the metallic submicron-stripe electrode. The underlying physics of these phenomena are analysed. Such submicron-stripe LED arrays open up promising applications in nanophotonics and bio-sensing.展开更多
文摘Reproductive biology of L. mormyrus was studied using monthly samples totaling 224 fish obtained from AI-Haneah fishing site, eastern Libya Mediterranean Sea. Lengths of the examined fish ranged between 11.5 cm and 23.4 cm. Corresponding weights were 24.5 g and 160.8 g. The minimum values of the condition factors, KF and Kc, were 1.38 and 1.21 at the average fish length of 12.4 cm. These values increased with increases in length until they reached maximum values of 1.59 and 1.41 at the length of 22.1 cm. The high values of KF and Kc, Gonado-Somatic Index and oocyte diameter maintained during May, June, July, and August and the monthly changes in gonadal condition, indicated that summer was the breeding season of L. mormyrus. The oocyte diameter ranged between 379± 25.3 μ and 1,511 ± 143.3μ （n = 76） with an average of 895 ± 111.3 μ. The sex ratio was in favor of females during all months of the study. The overall sex ratio was 1 ： 1.52. Length at first maturity, Ls0, for L. mormyrus was found to be 14.15 cm for males and 14.45 for females. Overall average of absolute fecundity was 4,342±557 egg per fish （n = 45）. The overall average of relative fecundity was 234± 181 egg per cm. Absolute fecundity increased with increasing fish length.
文摘Submicron stripe-shaped InGaN light-emitting diode （LED） arrays with individually addressable capabilities are demonstrated. The critical submicron- stripe metallic electrodes, which define the emission pattern, are formed by direct LED writing in a mask-free manner. The individually addressable submicron-stripe LEDs show excellent performance in terms of their electrical characteristics （with typical turn-on voltage of 3 V, operational stability and power output up to 28 ~W at 3 mA）. Unlike conventional broad-sized LEDs, the efficiency droop of the submicron-stripe LED is significantly suppressed--in fact, there is no efficiency droop for current densities up to 100 A/cm^2. Furthermore, the submicron-stripe LED shows a lower temperature-dependent shift of the emission wavelength. The lateral emission width is increased with increasing injection current, resulting in a wider lateral emission size than the metallic submicron-stripe electrode. The underlying physics of these phenomena are analysed. Such submicron-stripe LED arrays open up promising applications in nanophotonics and bio-sensing.
