亚洲系百合九个品种的亲缘关系研究——来自nrDNAITS证据

对亚洲系百合9个品种的nrDNA的内转录间隔区(ITS)进行了PCR扩增和产物直接测序,扩增出约670bp的序列(ITS1、5.8S和ITS2及部分18S和26SrRNA基因片段)。选取亚洲系百合祖先种泸定百合和岷江百合等6个野生种序列为参考外类群,确定其ITS全序列(ITS1、5.8S和ITS2)的长度约为627bp,并根据nrRNAITS区碱基序列差异计算品种间的遗传距离和构建UPGMA系统树,探讨了9个百合品种之间的亲缘关系。

加拿大汉学:从亚洲系、东亚图书馆的建设以及研究生论文看中国文学研究的蜕变

华人自19世纪中叶随淘金潮登陆加拿大,至今已经160多年。先侨带来的具有浓烈岭南色彩的文学传统是,无论从古典诗歌到民间歌谣,从粤剧班本到白话剧,及后期华人的散文和小说,都属于文学创作。至于中国文学研究,则必须等到20世纪60年代后,加拿大的汉学建设起来,高等学府聘请学者教授,培养研究生,硬件和软件相辅相成,才能够真正开花结果。论文侧重梳理的是作为汉学摇篮的亚洲系(东亚系)和相关机构的建设,研究生论文选题所透露的中国文学研究的蜕变。

6-BA和NAA对亚洲百合杂种系后代组培苗鳞片不定芽诱导的影响

以亚洲百合品种多安娜和普瑞头的杂交后代组培苗为外植体来源,通过在MS培养基中附加不同浓度的6-BA和NAA,筛选百合杂交后代鳞片组培的最佳培养基。结果表明,杂交后代鳞片诱导不定芽分化最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+NAA 0.01 mg/L;不定芽增殖最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L;最佳生根培养基为MS+6-BA 0.01 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L。

浅析不同文化定势下的留学生在使用日语时产生的差异——以亚洲留学生和欧美留学生为对比

掌握日语的留学生在和日本人交流的时候,多是以日本人使用的日语为基准,不断纠正和完善自己使用的日语。然而来自不同国家的留学生在用日语交谈的时候,就没有了一定的标准,受到不同文化圈思维定势的影响,各自呈现出一定的特征。本文就这一现象展开调查论证,得出了一些结论。

亚洲百合种内杂交后代的多态性及其分离

利用7对DALP引物组合对5个亚洲百合杂交组合后代的多态性及分离方式进行了研究。结果表明,筛选出的7对DALP引物共检测出136个位点,5个杂交组合共得到680个位点,其中多态性位点为379个,多态性位点出现的平均频率是55.7%,呈现出的多态性较高;DALP标记在杂交后代中的分离方式有不分离、发生分离和异常分离3种方式。3种分离方式出现的平均频率与数量分别为44.3%、60;41.8%、57;14.1%和19。该研究结果可为进一步构建百合遗传图谱打下良好的基础,并提供了一定的理论依据。

亚洲人类的起源及其演化途径的初步研究

自１９４９ 年新中国建立以后，在中国各地相继发现中新世早期以来的远古人类化石，使之有可能逐渐阐明亚洲人类的演化过程，笔者根据各化石的特征考察它们的系统，根据各时期的古环境及古气候情况推断它们的演化途径，把在欧洲出现的古类人猿 Ａｌｓａｔｉｃｏｐｉｔｈｅｃｕｓ 当成发现种，非洲系人类在非洲及欧洲或亚洲中部完成了演化。同时，把在缅甸出现的古类人猿 Ａｍｐｈｉｐｉｔｈｅｃｕｓ 或 Ｐｏｎｄａｕｎｇｉａ 当成发源种，亚洲系人类在亚洲东南部完成了演化。在此期间，在非洲及欧洲或亚洲中部的巴基斯坦出现的西瓦古猿及腊玛古猿或南方猿人都因为长期连续发生的喜马拉雅运动而使它们东迁未能得以实现。所以非洲系人类和亚洲系人类两者之间没有系统上的关系。因此笔者提倡“亚洲人类的起源发生于亚洲东南部”的看法。

ECONOMIC EXCHANGES AND SECTORAL AND INTER CITY COOPERATION IN NORTHEAST ASIA

Northeast Asia with China, Japan and South Korea as the main components has drawn more and more attention worldwide. Many scholars have researched on the prospect of some alternatives of regional economic integration in Northeast Asia and/or Yellow Sea Rim as its core area. In this paper the authors start with an introduction of the major arguments embracing Yellow Sea Rim regionalism, and attempt to identify the dynamics challenging the proposed approaches of sub regionalism of Northeast Asia. The paper firstly gives a brief review on the update development of bilateral economic exchanges, mainly Sino Japanese and Sino South Korean trades and direct investments with related contemporary issues. When the changing pattern of economic interactions is analyzed, special concerns are given to the possibility to realize the supposed potential of regional economic cooperation mainly based on economic complementarity among the related regions of China, North Korea, South Korea, and Japan. The authors then made their major efforts on putting forward possible approaches of multilateral cooperation of three countries in the near future, that is, deepened cooperation in selected sectors of industry and transportation and coordinated development among major cities. The authors stress that the development of sub regional sectoral cooperation and the formation of interactive network of city regions via social and economic interactions at local level are significant to the future regional integrated development in Northeast Asia.

ON THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ENSO AND THE ASIAN MONSOON ON THE SCALE OF QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION

A diagnostic analysis is performed of the quasi-biennial oscillations during the ENSO cycle and the results are based to study the interactions between ENSO and the Asian monsoons. It shows that the Asian monsoons have significant influence on the ENSO cycle on the quasi-biennial scale. Materialized through the onset and southward progression of the winter monsoon, the influence appears in the tropical western Pacific to excite severe convection and to further affect the ENSO cycle. The phenomenon is not only reflected in the quasi-biennial mode but the annual variation of the Asian winter monsoon in reality.

An Ocean Reanalysis System for the Joining Area of Asia and Indian-Pacific Ocean

An ocean reanalysis system for the joining area of Asia and Indian-Pacific Ocean (AIPO) has been developed and is currently delivering reanalysis data sets for study on the air-sea interaction over AIPO and its climate variation over China in the inter-annual time scale.This system consists of a nested ocean model forced by atmospheric reanalysis,an ensemble-based multivariate ocean data assimilation system and various ocean observations.The following report describes the main components of the data assimilation system in detail.The system adopts an ensemble optimal interpolation scheme that uses a seasonal update from a free running model to estimate the background error covariance matrix.In view of the systematic biases in some observation systems,some treatments were performed on the observations before the assimilation.A coarse resolution reanalysis dataset from the system is preliminarily evaluated to demonstrate the performance of the system for the period 1992 to 2006 by comparing this dataset with other observations or reanalysis data.

Evaluation of land-use pattern change in West Bhanugach Reserved Forest,Bangladesh,using remote sensing and GIS techniques

A study was conducted to investigate the land-use pattern change over a period of 18 years （1988-2006） by using remote sens- ing and Geographical Information System （GIS） technologies, in the West Bhanugach Reserved Forest, a hill forest, in Sylhet Forest Divi- sion of Bangladesh, The images were processed using ERDAS Imagine software. Both supervised and unsupervised approaches were ap- plied and ground control points were collected using a GPS. Maps were prepared using GIS software. Results showed that vegetation cover drastically decreased from the year 1988 to 1996 （l 826 ha to l 714.85 ha）, but increased gradually from the year 1996 to 2006 （l 714.85 ha to l 847.83 ha） due to the initiation of co-management practice involving local communities. Change in bare land was inversely proportionate to the amount of vegetation cover changes unless any other land-uses were converted into bare land. The area of water bodies increased from the year 1988 to 1996 （307.67 ha to 379.53 ha）, but decreased from the year 1996 to 1997, then remained invariabile from the year 1997 to 2006. Some recommendations were also made for applying the RS and GIS techniques to study the land-use pattern change in the Bhanugach Reserved Forest and to create a GIS data base for the study area.

FEATURES AND COMPARISONS OF THE QUASI-BIENNIAL VARIATIONS IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC MONSOON SUBSYSTEMS

The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data, Climate Diagnostics Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP) results, and NOAA Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (SST), have been utilized in this paper to study the quasi-biennial variations in Asia-Pacific monsoon subsystems and associated SST anomalies (SSTA) and wind anomalies. Four monsoon indices are computed from NCEP/ National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis to represent the South Asian monsoon (SAM), South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM), Western North Pacific monsoon (WNPM) and East Asian monsoon (EAM), respectively. The quasi-biennial periods are very significant in Asia-Pacific monsoons (as discovered by power spectrum analysis), and for SAM and EAM---with moderate effects by El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)---the quasi-biennial periods are the most important factor. For SCSSM and WNPM (once again due to the effects of ENSO), the quasi-biennial periods are of secondary durations. There are obvious interdecadal variations in the quasi-biennial modes of the Asia-Pacific monsoon, so in the negative phase the biennial modes will not be significant or outstanding. The wind anomalies and SSTA associated with the biennial modes are very different in the SAM, WNPM and EAM regions. Since the WNPM and SCSSM are very similar in the biennial modes, they can be combined into one subsystem, called SCS/WNPM.

Does investor protection affect the choice of earnings management methods through real activity manipulation and accrual manipulation？ Asian comparison

This paper examines systematic differences in earnings management through real activity manipulation and accrual manipulation across 7 Asia countries. The study proposes arguments that in economies with high investor protection, managers prefer to manage earnings through real activity manipulation rather than through accrual manipulation because accrual manipulation is more likely to draw auditors or regulators scrutiny than real decisions about pricing and production. The study findings are consistent with prediction. Despite being in economies with high investor protection, managers still have bigger discretion in managing earnings through real activities rather than accrual manipulation.

Design Issues for Linking Emissions Trading Schemes--A Qualitative Analysis for Schemes from Europe, Asia and North America

The paper focuses on links between the EU ETS （European Union Emissions Trading Scheme） and selected （domestic） greenhouse gas ETS （emissions trading schemes） from Asia and North America which could open up a perspective to keep the idea of emissions trading alive on a global scale and confront the actual uncertainty in future climate policy. The approach consists of investigating qualitatively the essential requirements of this alternative bottom-up approach. It is evaluated if variations or inconsistencies in the structure and design of domestic ETS as well as legal and institutional characteristics harm or facilitate the concept of linking with the EU ETS. The evaluation of systems leads to the exclusion of systems with voluntary character, relative caps, unrestricted borrowing and price caps from the group of potential linking candidates.

Factors Limiting the Forecast Skill of the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation in a Subseasonal-to-Seasonal Model

In this study,we evaluate the forecast skill of the subseasonal-to-seasonal(S2S)prediction model of the Beijing Climate Center(BCC)for the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation(BSISO).We also discuss the key factors that inhibit the BSISO forecast skill in this model.Based on the bivariate anomaly correlation coefficient(ACC)of the BSISO index,defined by the first two EOF modes of outgoing longwave radiation and 850-hPa zonal wind anomalies over the Asian monsoon region,we found that the hindcast skill degraded as the lead time increased.The ACC dropped to below 0.5for lead times of 11 days and longer when the predicted BSISO showed weakened strength and insignificant northward propagation.To identify what causes the weakened forecast skill of BSISO at the forecast lead time of 11 days,we diagnosed the main mechanisms responsible for the BSISO northward propagation.The same analysis was also carried out using the observations and the outputs of the four-day forecast lead that successfully predicted the observed northward-propagating BSISO.We found that the lack of northward propagation at the 11-day forecast lead was due to insufficient increases in low-level cyclonic vorticity,moistening and warm temperature anomalies to the north of the convection,which were induced by the interaction between background mean flows and BSISO-related anomalous fields.The BCC S2S model can predict the background monsoon circulations,such as the low-level southerly and the northerly and easterly vertical shears,but has limited capability in forecasting the distributions of circulation and moisture anomalies.

Sensible Heating over the Tibetan Plateau Linked to the Onset of Asian Monsoon

Land surface heating of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays an important role in the Asian Monsoon system. In this study, the interannual variability of the sensible heat flux over the TP and its connection with the summer monsoon intensity and onset date was examined based on the newly released land "reanalysis" data, produced by NASA Global Land Data Assimilation System. Although correlation analyses don't show a significant relevance to the summer monsoon intensity, the interannual anomalies in sensible heating near the south flank of the TP indicate a weak reversal in the relationship with the onset date of the West Pacific East Asian monsoon. A diagnostic study shows that above (below) normal sensible heating over the south flake of the TP will lead to rapid (slow) warming of the upper air column over the TP and early (later) reversal of (overturn) the meridional temperature gradient and the vertical wind shear. This will further lead to an earlier (later) onset of the Asian Monsoon.

Education and sustainable development in Romania and the European Union countries

The sustainable development supposes a development strategy that would ensure the interdependence and complementarily of objectives from the social, economic and environmental fields. The degree of priority established for the three dimensions of sustainable development differs from one country to another, a fact that confers a national and local meaning to this issue. For the Central and Eastern European countries, balanced economic development represents one of the fundamental objectives of the reforms started in 1990. Education represents a priority of any country＇s economic development and an extremely important element of economic growth. This paper presents the characteristics of the Romanian educational system while achieving a comparative analysis regarding different countries of the European Union, both from a quantitative viewpoint （using the main indicators in the education field） and a qualitative viewpoint （using student performances in international evaluations）. In the end, we present some proposals for the improvement of the present state of the Romanian educational system.

顶级腕表Richard Mille 激情碰撞GP2赛车

在GP2亚洲锦标赛上海站前夕,世界顶级腕表品牌Richard Mille与GP2车手齐聚上海兰会所举办新闻发布会。世界亿万富豪的新宠收藏品,Richard Mille,自2001年推出第一款腕表RM001,随即掀起顶尖陀飞轮腕表旋风,

An overview of the influence of atmospheric circulation on the climate in arid and semi-arid region of Central and East Asia

The arid and semi-arid(ASA) region of Asia occupies a large area in the middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, of which the main body is the ASA region of Central and East Asia(CEA). In this region, the climate is fragile and the environment is sensitive. The eastern part of the ASA region of CEA is located in the marginal zone of the East Asian monsoon and is jointly influenced by westerly circulation and the monsoon system, while in the western part of the ASA of CEA,the climate is mainly controlled by westerly circulation. To understand and predict the climate over this region, it is necessary to investigate the influence of general circulation on the climate system over the ASA region of CEA. In this paper, recent progress in understanding the relationship between the general circulation and climate change over the ASA region is systematically reviewed. Previous studies have demonstrated that atmospheric circulation represents a significant factor in climate change over the ASA region of CEA. In the years with a strong East Asian summer monsoon, the water vapor flux increases and precipitation is abundant in the southeastern part of Northwest China. The opposite situation occurs in years when the East Asian summer monsoon is weak. With the weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon, the climate tends to dry over the semi-arid region located in the monsoon marginal zone. Recently, owing to the strengthening of the South Asian monsoon, more water vapor has been transported to the ASA region of Asia. The Plateau summer monsoon intensity and the precipitation in summer exhibit a significant positive correlation in Central Asia but a negative correlation in North China and Mongolia. A significant positive correlation also exists between the westerly index and the temperature over the arid region of CEA. The change in the westerly circulation may be the main factor affecting precipitation over the arid region of Central Asia.

Links between Western Pacific Subtropical High and vegetation growth in China

There is a lack of simple ways to predict the vegetation responses to the East Asian Monsoon(EAM) variability in China due to the complexity of the monsoon system. In this study, we found the variation of the Western Pacific Subtropical High(WPSH), which is one of the major components of the EAM, has a profound influence on the vegetation growth in China. When the WPSH is located more to the west of its climate average, the eastern and northwestern parts experience increased yearly-averaged normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) and gross primary productivity(GPP) by 0.3%–2.2%, and 0.2%–2.2%, respectively. In contrast, when the WPSH is located more to the east of its climate average, the above areas experience decreased yearly-averaged NDVI and GPP by 0.4% to 1.6%, and 1.3% to 4.5%, respectively. The WPSH serves as a major circulation index to predict the response of vegetation to monsoon.

Regional distribution and diurnal variation of deep convective systems over the Asian monsoon region

Using 12 years of data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM)-based Precipitation Radar(PR),spatial and diurnal variations of deep convective systems(DCSs)over the Asian monsoon region are analyzed.The DCSs are defined by a 20 dBZ echo top extending 14 km.The spatial distribution of DCSs genesis is also discussed,with reference to the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)reanalysis data.The results show that DCSs occur mainly over land.They concentrate in south of 20°N during the pre-monsoon season,and then move distinctly to mid-latitude regions,with the most active region on the south slope of the Himalayas during monsoon season.DCSs over the Tibetan Plateau are more frequent than those in central-eastern China,but smaller in horizontal scale and weaker in convective intensity.DCSs in central-eastern China have more robust updrafts and generate more lightning flashes than in other Asian monsoon regions.The horizontal scale of DCSs over the ocean is larger than that over the other regions,and the corresponding minimum infrared(IR)brightness temperature is lower,whereas the convective intensity is weaker.Continental DCSs are more common from noon through midnight,and DCSs over the Tibetan Plateau are more frequently from noon through evening.Oceanic DCSs frequency has a weaker diurnal cycle with dawn maximum,and diurnal variation of DCSs over the tropical maritime continent is consistent with that over the continent.