The issue of linguistic planning, choice of variant for increasing in standard norm, the determination of official status of appropriate language in certain countries, has been a concern, as it was also the orientatio...The issue of linguistic planning, choice of variant for increasing in standard norm, the determination of official status of appropriate language in certain countries, has been a concern, as it was also the orientation of different linguistic studies. In this work, we will try to treat the process of linguistic planning and of the official status of languages in Kosova during 1999-2009. In this context we do not intend to exhaust of handling with this problem, but we will try to present some issues and problems in which languages in Kosova have passed through. This issue is interesting for studies in sociolinguistic field in general and particularly in Albanian language.展开更多
This paper examines the implications of ethics as key to sound professionalism in Nigerian journalism. The paper sets out to assess how ethics affect the standard of journalism practice in the country, using media pra...This paper examines the implications of ethics as key to sound professionalism in Nigerian journalism. The paper sets out to assess how ethics affect the standard of journalism practice in the country, using media practitioners in Rivers State, Nigeria as case study. The population of study consisted of the 300 registered journalists in Rivers State of Nigeria, including the editors and managers. The survey research method was used while the questionnaire was used as the primary instrument for data gathering. It was revealed that despite the importance of ethics to journalism practice, journalists＇ adherences to the ethical codes were low. The study also revealed that journalists most times go against the ethics of the profession due to sycophancy, security reasons, desperation, greed, ethical dilemmas, and ignorance of the code of ethics. Based on the timings of the study, it was recommended that media establishments should liaise with the Nigerian Union of Journalist （NUJ） to ensure that only trained journalists are employed to work as journalists. Again the NUJ, it should institute standing disciplinary committee to discipline erring journalists both at the State and National levels. The Ethics Committee of the Nigeria Union of Journalists should regularly review the ethical conducts of journalists and encourage them to adhere to their code of practice展开更多
Tunneling is to describe transfer resource out of the firm for benefit of their controlling shareholders. Better legal protection and stronger social norms improve minority shareholders＇ protection from expropriation...Tunneling is to describe transfer resource out of the firm for benefit of their controlling shareholders. Better legal protection and stronger social norms improve minority shareholders＇ protection from expropriation. They consequently reduce the private benefits of controlling shareholders （La Porta, 1999）. This study aims to investigate tunneling in the context merger and acquisition （M＆A） and to examine whether tunneling occurs only in emerging markets with poor law enforcement or whether it also occurs in developed countries. This study documents that managers are more likely to overpay target in merger and acquisition with high overlapped owner which have stakes in bidder and target firm. That overpayment, a transfer of wealth from owners of bidder＇s firm to overlapping owners, is a type of tunneling. This study concludes that tunneling occurs in nations not only with low investor protection, but also with high investor protection.展开更多
Kenya＇s tourism business stagnated from 1991 to 2003 and only registered small but steady grew from 2004. One of the sectors that recorded poor performance as a result of the slow growth of tourism is the hotel busin...Kenya＇s tourism business stagnated from 1991 to 2003 and only registered small but steady grew from 2004. One of the sectors that recorded poor performance as a result of the slow growth of tourism is the hotel business. Despite this slack, stakeholders in Kenya have not tried to assess the extent to which the quality of this sector may impact on destination preference. The ultimate purpose of this research was to establish the quality gap between the expected and the perceived hotel product/service quality from both the perspective of the tourists and the hotel operators in Kenya. It was motivated by the need to create parameters that can elavate the competitiveness of Kenya＇s tourism using the hotel product/service quality offer. Descriptive quantitative research design was used to establish the secondary objectives and to assess two propositions set for the study. A sample of 211 tourists and 19 hotel operators in two major tourist provinces of Kenya was used to obtain information regarding normative and perceptive hotel product/service quality. Kenya＇s only destination marketing organisation, Kenya Tourist Board （KTB） marketers were also surveyed to provide insight on Kenya＇s destination position with regard to the motivation of tourists to visit Kenya. The study established that although the attractions which make tourists come to Kenya are the unique wildlife safari, beach tourism and the natural scenery, hotel product quality and hospitality plays a vital role in motivating tourists to choose Kenya as the destination to visit. However, this study found out that while the tourists and hotel operators agree on the normative hotel product quality level, there is a significant gap between the normative quality and the perceptual quality registered by tourists who used hotel services. The study established that hotel operators only recognize quality regulatory institutions with statutory and legal authority to incriminate facilities that do not comply with laid down operational requirements such as Hotels and Restaurants Authority and the Local Authority Public Health Department. The study has proposed an integrated framework that may be utilized to build a superior national hotel product/service quality so that the economic potential of tourism is maximized in Kenya.展开更多
文摘The issue of linguistic planning, choice of variant for increasing in standard norm, the determination of official status of appropriate language in certain countries, has been a concern, as it was also the orientation of different linguistic studies. In this work, we will try to treat the process of linguistic planning and of the official status of languages in Kosova during 1999-2009. In this context we do not intend to exhaust of handling with this problem, but we will try to present some issues and problems in which languages in Kosova have passed through. This issue is interesting for studies in sociolinguistic field in general and particularly in Albanian language.
文摘This paper examines the implications of ethics as key to sound professionalism in Nigerian journalism. The paper sets out to assess how ethics affect the standard of journalism practice in the country, using media practitioners in Rivers State, Nigeria as case study. The population of study consisted of the 300 registered journalists in Rivers State of Nigeria, including the editors and managers. The survey research method was used while the questionnaire was used as the primary instrument for data gathering. It was revealed that despite the importance of ethics to journalism practice, journalists＇ adherences to the ethical codes were low. The study also revealed that journalists most times go against the ethics of the profession due to sycophancy, security reasons, desperation, greed, ethical dilemmas, and ignorance of the code of ethics. Based on the timings of the study, it was recommended that media establishments should liaise with the Nigerian Union of Journalist （NUJ） to ensure that only trained journalists are employed to work as journalists. Again the NUJ, it should institute standing disciplinary committee to discipline erring journalists both at the State and National levels. The Ethics Committee of the Nigeria Union of Journalists should regularly review the ethical conducts of journalists and encourage them to adhere to their code of practice
文摘Tunneling is to describe transfer resource out of the firm for benefit of their controlling shareholders. Better legal protection and stronger social norms improve minority shareholders＇ protection from expropriation. They consequently reduce the private benefits of controlling shareholders （La Porta, 1999）. This study aims to investigate tunneling in the context merger and acquisition （M＆A） and to examine whether tunneling occurs only in emerging markets with poor law enforcement or whether it also occurs in developed countries. This study documents that managers are more likely to overpay target in merger and acquisition with high overlapped owner which have stakes in bidder and target firm. That overpayment, a transfer of wealth from owners of bidder＇s firm to overlapping owners, is a type of tunneling. This study concludes that tunneling occurs in nations not only with low investor protection, but also with high investor protection.
文摘Kenya＇s tourism business stagnated from 1991 to 2003 and only registered small but steady grew from 2004. One of the sectors that recorded poor performance as a result of the slow growth of tourism is the hotel business. Despite this slack, stakeholders in Kenya have not tried to assess the extent to which the quality of this sector may impact on destination preference. The ultimate purpose of this research was to establish the quality gap between the expected and the perceived hotel product/service quality from both the perspective of the tourists and the hotel operators in Kenya. It was motivated by the need to create parameters that can elavate the competitiveness of Kenya＇s tourism using the hotel product/service quality offer. Descriptive quantitative research design was used to establish the secondary objectives and to assess two propositions set for the study. A sample of 211 tourists and 19 hotel operators in two major tourist provinces of Kenya was used to obtain information regarding normative and perceptive hotel product/service quality. Kenya＇s only destination marketing organisation, Kenya Tourist Board （KTB） marketers were also surveyed to provide insight on Kenya＇s destination position with regard to the motivation of tourists to visit Kenya. The study established that although the attractions which make tourists come to Kenya are the unique wildlife safari, beach tourism and the natural scenery, hotel product quality and hospitality plays a vital role in motivating tourists to choose Kenya as the destination to visit. However, this study found out that while the tourists and hotel operators agree on the normative hotel product quality level, there is a significant gap between the normative quality and the perceptual quality registered by tourists who used hotel services. The study established that hotel operators only recognize quality regulatory institutions with statutory and legal authority to incriminate facilities that do not comply with laid down operational requirements such as Hotels and Restaurants Authority and the Local Authority Public Health Department. The study has proposed an integrated framework that may be utilized to build a superior national hotel product/service quality so that the economic potential of tourism is maximized in Kenya.
