Web应用有许多特殊性使得不能直接使用传统的测试方法进行测试,因而需要修改已有方法或完全提出新的方法用于Web应用的测试.把Web应用看成是不同交互组件的组装,一个复合组件由一些其它的组件构成.对于每个组件,都建立一个组件自动机....Web应用有许多特殊性使得不能直接使用传统的测试方法进行测试,因而需要修改已有方法或完全提出新的方法用于Web应用的测试.把Web应用看成是不同交互组件的组装,一个复合组件由一些其它的组件构成.对于每个组件,都建立一个组件自动机.从被测Web应用的规格说明可以构造用XML描述的组件交互图(CID,Component Interaction Diagram).根据CID,可以产生组件测试序列(CTS,Component Test Sequence),它是组件的交互序列.测试用例是用一个个单独的XML文档表示的,是带有输入数据的CTS.这样,Web测试就变成组件交互自动机的测试.另外,给出了CTS覆盖度的评估过程(CTSC,Component Test Sequence Coverage),并阐述了如何提高CTSC的方法.论文的最后,对该测试方法的可用性进行了理论分析.展开更多
在Flash Mx共享库中提供了6种类型的学习交互组件，我们只需以拖曳方式将这些组件加入，完全不用考虑其程序如何编写，简单设置几个相关的参数就可以制作出具有高度互动性的学习测验。本文以True and False组件为例，介绍是非题型课件...在Flash Mx共享库中提供了6种类型的学习交互组件，我们只需以拖曳方式将这些组件加入，完全不用考虑其程序如何编写，简单设置几个相关的参数就可以制作出具有高度互动性的学习测验。本文以True and False组件为例，介绍是非题型课件的制作方法。展开更多
The retromer is a protein complex that mediates retrograde transport of transmembrane cargoes from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network （TGN）. It is comprised of a cargo-selection subcomplex of Vps26, Vps29 and Vps3...The retromer is a protein complex that mediates retrograde transport of transmembrane cargoes from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network （TGN）. It is comprised of a cargo-selection subcomplex of Vps26, Vps29 and Vps35 and a membrane-binding coat subcomplex of sorting nexins （SNXs）. Previous studies identified SNX1/2 as one of the components of the SNX subcomplex, and SNX5/6 as candidates for the second SNX. How the retromer-associated cargoes are recognized and transported by molecular motors are largely unknown. In this study, we found that one of SNX1/2＇s dimerization partners, SNX6, interacts with the p150Gued subunit of the dynein/dynactin motor complex. We present evidence that SNX6 is a component of the retromer, and that recruitment of the motor complex to the membrane-associated retromer requires the SNX6-pl50Gued interaction. Disruption of the SNX6-pl50Glued interaction causes failure in formation and detachment of the tubulovesicular sorting structures from endosomes and results in block of CI-MPR retrieval from endosomes to the TGN. These observations indicate that in addition to SNX1/2, SNX6 in association with the dynein/dynactin complex drives the formation and movement of tubular retrograde intermediates.展开更多
It is noted that any variation in operating conditions has a considerable effect on the tire/road interaction. Furthermore,choosing a range of proper values for carcass stiffness is very essential for both tire safety...It is noted that any variation in operating conditions has a considerable effect on the tire/road interaction. Furthermore,choosing a range of proper values for carcass stiffness is very essential for both tire safety and effective driving action. In this work,an elaborated 3D model fully compliant with the geometrical size of radial tire 185/60 R15 is worked up, for evaluating the effects of components properties and working conditions on deformation and stress/strain fields created inside the tire. For the simulation, the tire structure is assumed to be composed of tread, carcass ply, and bead. The mechanical behavior of rubber as main component of tire is described by Mooney-Rivlin material model. The comparison of the obtained results and laboratory tests demonstrates the validity and high accuracy of analysis.展开更多
文摘Web应用有许多特殊性使得不能直接使用传统的测试方法进行测试,因而需要修改已有方法或完全提出新的方法用于Web应用的测试.把Web应用看成是不同交互组件的组装,一个复合组件由一些其它的组件构成.对于每个组件,都建立一个组件自动机.从被测Web应用的规格说明可以构造用XML描述的组件交互图(CID,Component Interaction Diagram).根据CID,可以产生组件测试序列(CTS,Component Test Sequence),它是组件的交互序列.测试用例是用一个个单独的XML文档表示的,是带有输入数据的CTS.这样,Web测试就变成组件交互自动机的测试.另外,给出了CTS覆盖度的评估过程(CTSC,Component Test Sequence Coverage),并阐述了如何提高CTSC的方法.论文的最后,对该测试方法的可用性进行了理论分析.
基金We thank Yingfang Liu （Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Acad- emy of Sciences） for advice on PX domain structure and SNX6 mutations. We are particularly grateful to Yanmin Yang （Stanford University, USA） for insightful discussions and the Flag-MAP1B LC construct. We also thank Juan S Bonifacino （NIH, USA） for the rabbit anti-CI-MPR antibody, Hiroyoshi Ariga （Hokkaido University, Japan） for Flag- and HA-tagged human SNX6 overexpression constructs, and Li Yu （Tsinghua University, China） for the YFP-EEA1 expression construct. We thank Chonglin Yang （Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences）, Dahua Chen （Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences） and Li Yu for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30770675） and Chinese Academy of Sciences （KSCX1-YW-R-37）. J-J Liu is supported by the CAS 100-Tal- ents Program.
文摘The retromer is a protein complex that mediates retrograde transport of transmembrane cargoes from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network （TGN）. It is comprised of a cargo-selection subcomplex of Vps26, Vps29 and Vps35 and a membrane-binding coat subcomplex of sorting nexins （SNXs）. Previous studies identified SNX1/2 as one of the components of the SNX subcomplex, and SNX5/6 as candidates for the second SNX. How the retromer-associated cargoes are recognized and transported by molecular motors are largely unknown. In this study, we found that one of SNX1/2＇s dimerization partners, SNX6, interacts with the p150Gued subunit of the dynein/dynactin motor complex. We present evidence that SNX6 is a component of the retromer, and that recruitment of the motor complex to the membrane-associated retromer requires the SNX6-pl50Gued interaction. Disruption of the SNX6-pl50Glued interaction causes failure in formation and detachment of the tubulovesicular sorting structures from endosomes and results in block of CI-MPR retrieval from endosomes to the TGN. These observations indicate that in addition to SNX1/2, SNX6 in association with the dynein/dynactin complex drives the formation and movement of tubular retrograde intermediates.
文摘It is noted that any variation in operating conditions has a considerable effect on the tire/road interaction. Furthermore,choosing a range of proper values for carcass stiffness is very essential for both tire safety and effective driving action. In this work,an elaborated 3D model fully compliant with the geometrical size of radial tire 185/60 R15 is worked up, for evaluating the effects of components properties and working conditions on deformation and stress/strain fields created inside the tire. For the simulation, the tire structure is assumed to be composed of tread, carcass ply, and bead. The mechanical behavior of rubber as main component of tire is described by Mooney-Rivlin material model. The comparison of the obtained results and laboratory tests demonstrates the validity and high accuracy of analysis.
