不同状态雄蛾交配对雌蛾产卵的影响

通过不同状态雄蛾对雌蛾产卵行为和产卵效果的初步试验表明 ,使用新鲜雄蛾正常交配 ,雌蛾产卵快、集中 ,而且良卵率高 。

狼蛛科蜘蛛的繁殖行为

根据国内外研究进展,对狼蛛科蜘蛛的繁殖行为进行了简要综述,内容涉及狼蛛科蜘蛛的求偶、交配、产卵和携卵、携幼等4方面的行为研究。

食物浓度和温度对萼花臂尾轮虫种群动态的影响

以浓度分别为2.5×106、5×106、10×106、20×106cells/m L的蛋白核小球藻为食物,在温度分别为25、28、30℃条件下对萼花臂尾轮虫进行群体累积培养研究。结果表明,食物浓度对轮虫的种群动态、最大种群密度、种群增长率及非混交卵的日产生量动态、产量均有明显影响;温度对轮虫的种群动态、最大种群密度及非混交卵的产量、形成效率、最大形成效率均有显著影响。食物浓度为20×106cells/m L的小球藻投喂轮虫,在25~30℃均能达到较高的种群密度,但25℃培养的轮虫较28℃和30℃推迟到达峰值。非混交卵的日产生量与种群密度有相似的变化趋势,28℃和30℃培养的轮虫非混交卵较25℃提前到达峰值。当轮虫的种群密度还处于增长阶段,非混交卵日生产量已达峰值。因此在轮虫的培养过程中可考虑监测非混交卵的动态变化预测轮虫密度达到峰值的时间。

Study on Effects of Different Factors to Eggs Hatching Rate of Cryptotympana atrata by Orthogonal Design

[Objective] The paper aimed to explore influence of different factors on eggs hatching of Cryptotympana atrata,and optimize technical parameters in practice.[Method] By using hatching rate as index,L16（44）orthogonal design was employed to determine the effects of the four factors including temperature,salinity,photoperiod and pH.[Result] Photoperiod had obviously effects on hatchability of Cryptotympana atrata eggs.The optimal conditions for hatching were temperature 30 ℃,salinity 25%,photoperiod L12∶D12,and pH 6.[Conclusion]The research provided some scientific basis for indoor artificial incubation.

Preliminary Study on the Separation of Lysozyme,Ovotransferrin and Ovalbumin from Egg White

[Objective] A study on separation process of lysozyme, ovotransferrin and ovalbumin from egg white. [Method] The proteins were separated by ammonium sul-fates and ion-exchange chromatography. Purity of the proteins was assayed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE）. [Result] The results showed that the proteins were electrophoresis-pure. The specific activity of lysozyme was increased from 144.13 to 2 235 U/mg, and purification factor was 15-fold. Lysozyme recovery rate was estimated to be 15.76%. Bacteriostasis rate of ovotransferrin was 48.84%. [Conclusion] The procedure for separating lysozyme, ovotransferrin and ovalbumin from egg white was simple, fast, low-cost and suitable for industrilization.

Reproductive behavior in horseshoe crabs:Does density matter?

While the four species of horseshoe crabs share many common reproductive traits with respect to their reproductive systems, they do differ with respect to their mating behavior （monogamy vs. polygynandry）. Past research has attributed these differences to a number of factors including： spawning densities, operational sex ratios （OSR＇s）, male condition （or age）, environmental and/or genetic factors, or a combination thereof. Mating behaviors in the three Asian horseshoe crab species （Tachy-pleus gigas, T. tridentatus, and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda） with low spawning densities and 1：1 operational sex ratios are typically monogamous. In Limuluspolyphemus, mating behavior is more variable ranging fi＇om monogamy to polygynandry. Here we provide evidence, through a long term behavioral study, that variation in mating behavior is influenced by population density in L. polyphemus. Our study population on two beaches in Connecticut （Long Island Sound） have a spawning density 400 times less than that found in Delaware Bay （0.002 females/m2 vs. 0.8 females/m2） but similar operational sex ratios. Between 90%-95% of all spawning females in CT were paired with only one male, thus exhibiting monogamous behavior. In contrast, between 30 and 60% of spawning females in Delaware Bay have more than one mate and produce clutches of eggs with multiple paternities. Male condition played no role in mating behavior in CT populations. We also observed that on average 18% of the females on the spawning beaches are single. These results suggest that population density is an important condition that determines mating behavior. Also, low population density may lead to decreased mate finding ability and lost opportunities for spawning

Differential screening and characterization analysis of the egg envelope glycoprotein ZP3 cDNAs between gynogenetic and gonochoristic cruciancarp

Gynogenetic silver crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio, is an intriguing model system. In the present work, a systemic study has been initiated by introducing suppression subtractive hybridization technique into this model system to identify the differentially expressed genes in oocytes between gynogenetic silver crucian carp and its closely related gonochoristic color crucian carp. Five differential cDNA fragments were identified from the preliminary screening, and two of them are ZP3 homologues. Moreover, the full length ZP3 cDNAs were cloned from their oocyte cDNA libraries. The length of ZP3 cDNAs were 1378 bp for gyno-carp and 1367 bp for gono-carp, and they can be translated into proteins with 435 amino acids. Obvious differences are not only in the composition of amino acids, but also in the number of potential O-linked oligosaccharide sites. In addition, gyno-carp ZP3 amino acid sequence has an unexpected higher identity value with common carp (83.5%) than that with the closely related gono-carp (74.7%). The unique homology may be originated from the ancient hybridization. Northern blot analysis confirmed that expression of the ZP3 gene occurred exclusively in the oocytes. Because O-linked oligosaccharides on ZP3 have been demonstrated to play very important roles in fertilization, it is suggested that the extra O-linked glycosylation sites may be related to the unique sperm-egg recognition mechanism in gynogenesis.

Detection of Mycoplasma Hyorhinis Infection in Ovarian Cancer with in situ Hybridization and Immunohistochemistry

OBJECTIVE To detect Mycoplasma hyorhinis in ovarian cancer tissues and the relationship between mycoplasma infection and ovarian cancer. METHODS All specimens obtained from 109 cases with ovarian cancer were fixed in freshly prepared 10% neutral buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, and cut into 4-μm sections for insitu hybridization （ISH） and then detected with immunohistochemistry （IHC）. The expressions of 16S rRNA and P37 protein from mycoplasma hyorhinis were detected respectively using ISH and IHC. SPSS 13.0 software was employed to analyze the relationship between the results of the study and clinical pathological materials. RESULTS The expression rate of mycoplasma hyorhinis 16S rRNA gene and P37 protein was 20.2% （22/109） and 43.1% （47/109 cases） in ovarian cancer tissues, respectively, but it was 0 （0/30 cases） in the normal ovarian tissues. The difference in mycoplasma infection ratio between ovarian cancer tissues and normal tissues was extremely significant （P 〈 0.001）. Anyhow, we didn＇t found any association between the mycoplasma infection and clinical pathological characters. CONCLUSION There was a mycoplasma infection in ovarian cancer tissues, which may play a role in oncogenesis of ovarian cancer.

Expression Pattern of Chlamys farreri sox2 in Eggs, Embryos and Larvae of Various Stages

The SOX2 protein is an important transcription factor functioning during the early development of animals. In this study, we isolated a full-length c DNA sequence of scallop Chlamys farreri sox2, Cf-sox2 which was 2194 bp in length with a 981 bp open reading frame encoding 327 amino acids. With real-time PCR analysis, it was detected that Cf-sox2 was expressed in unfertilized oocytes, fertilized eggs and all the tested embryos and larvae. The expression level increased significantly(P < 0.01) in embryos from 2-cell to blastula, and then decreased significantly(P < 0.01) and reached the minimum in umbo larva. Moreover, location of the Cfsox2 expression was revealed using whole mount in situ hybridization technique. Positive hybridization signal could be detected in the central region of unfertilized oocytes and fertilized eggs, and then strong signals dispersed throughout the embryos from 2-cell to gastrula. During larval development, the signals were concentrated and strong signals were restricted to 4 regions of viscera mass in veliger larva. In umbo larva, weak signals could be detected in regions where presumptive visceral and pedal ganglia may be formed. The expression pattern of Cf-sox2 during embryogenesis was similar to that of mammal sox2, which implied that Cf-SOX2 may participate in the regulation of early development of C. farreri.

Influences of Cold Storage at 5℃ for Different Durations on Oviposition of Female Silkworm Moths

In order to investigate the resistance of female silkworm moths to cold storage and their copulation and oviposition after cold storage, copulation and ovipo- sition experiments of Liangguang 2 silkworms and Guican 1 female silkworm moths were conduced under cold storage at 5 ~C for different durations. The results indi- cated that, after cold storage at 5 ~C with relative humidity of 75%, the resistance of female silkworm moths to cold storage varied with different varieties; to be specific, 9-Fu and 7.Xiang, parent silkworm varieties of Liangguang 2 with ancestry of mul- tivoltinism, were relatively resistant to cold storage, and their copulation capability was still at a high level after cold storage for 72 h. Oviposition capability also varied with different varieties and durations; to be specific, under 5 ~C conditions, between two parent silkworm varieties of Liangguang 2, female silkworm moths of 9-Fu achieved the best results within cold storage duration of 24 h, female silkworm moths of 7.Xiang achieved the best results within cold storage duration of 72 h; be- tween two parent silkworm varieties of Guican 1, female silkworm moths of Xinhang achieved the best results without cold storage, female silkworm moths of 826 achieved the best results within cold storage duration of 48 h.

Survey of the management of borderline ovarian tumors in the United Kingdom

Borderline ovarian tumors （BOTs） represent approxi-mately 10% of ovarian neoplasms and are a heteroge-neous group of tumors with variable biological behav-iour. The majority present with disease confned to the ovary and have an excellent prognosis after surgical removal. A small proportion subsequently has recur-rent disease or progression to invasive cancer. Tumor recurrence can occur up to 20 years after surgical resection. There are no robust clinical, histological or molecular markers that distinguish high risk cases and no satisfactory treatment for patients with progressive disease. This results in great variability in management in different centres. We conducted a national survey on the management of borderline ovarian tumors in cancer centres representing different regions in the United Kingdom. In this article we review the literature for the current concepts in diagnosis, treatment and follow up of BOTs and we report the results of the survey of current practice in the United Kingdom. On that basis we provide recommendations for the management of patients with BOTs.

Egg rejection behavior and clutch characteristics of the European Greenfinch introduced to New Zealand

Animal populations,with a known history of introduction events,provide opportunities to study the dynamics of how rapid shi s in ecological context a ect behavioral(e.g.,responses to brood parasitism) and life-history(e.g.,clutch and egg parameters) traits.We studied the European Green nch(Carduelis chloris) introduced to New Zealand,regarding foreign-egg rejection behaviors and also compared their clutch characteristics with data from the source populations in the United Kingdom.Although previously this species had been considered an unsuitable host for the Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus),and not impacted by selection pressure associated with brood parasitism,we found that Green nches in our study population were able to eject experimental eggs at low frequencies.In contrast,nest desertion rates were similar in experimentally parasitized and control unmanipulated nests,implying that nest desertion is not an antiparasite adaptation in this species.Contrary to previous studies,we did not nd signi cant di erences in clutch and egg sizes between introduced and source populations.is study emphasizes(1) the importance of using control treatments in studies of host responses to experimental parasitism,(2) including apparently unsuitable hosts of brood parasites,and(3) meta-replicating prior studies to further the process of gaining and validating scienti c knowledge.

Dock180 expression in epithelial ovarian tumors

t Objective： The aim of our study was to investigate the expression of guanine nucleotide exchange factor Dock180 in ovarian tumor, and its significance in the initiation and progression of ovarian cancer. Methods： Immunohistochemical staining with SP method was conducted to identify the expression of Dock180 protein in epithelial ovarian tumor in 68 cases. Results： Dock180 present with higher expression in ovarian cancer, as compared with than that in low malignant tumor and benign ovarian tumor （P 〈 0,01）, In ovarian cancer, Dock180 expression was increased with the increased FIGO stage and grade. Conclusion： Dock180 overexpression may play an important role in the development and progression of ovarian cancer and it could be used as a new measurement of malignant biological behavior of ovarian cancer.

Competition of surface reactions of tritium release from irradiated Li_4SiO_4 pebbles

Out-of-pile tritium release experiments were performed on Li4 Si O4 pebbles produced from lithium hydroxide under various compositions of sweep gas(He, 1.1% H2/He) and environmental moisture conditions. The experimental results indicate that tritium gas can be released directly from "dry" Li4 Si O4 under pure He gas. This phenomenon did not happen on "wet" samples, which means that the chemical form of released tritium is sensitive to moisture. Adding H2 to sweep gas may increase the overall desorption rate of tritium gas through H2 isotope exchange reaction, which occurs at a lower temperature than those of directly released tritium gas. Yet, the threshold of the H2 isotope exchange reaction is higher than the desorption reaction of tritiated water. Consequently, the effect of H2 isotope exchange reaction would reduce significantly on water adsorbed Li4 Si O4 samples.